Thieves
group · 4 works · 4 mentions · 6 anchored passages
thieves · highwaymen · secret thieves · cutpurses · fures · housebreakers · open cheats · open thieves · pickpockets · the chief of the thieves
in the texts
Institutes of Roman Law
Persons guilty of theft, subjected by Roman law to extra liability (penalty plus a personal action for the thing) out of detestation of thieves.
Yet, to show the law’s detestation of thieves, in order to make them liable to a greater number of actions, it is received doctrine that besides the penalty of twice the value of the thing stolen awarded against the thief not caught in the act, and the penalty of four times the value against the thief caught in the act, damages for the thing itself may be recovered by a personal action in which th …
plane odio furum, quo magis pluribus actionibus teneantur, receptum est, ut extra poenam dupli aut quadrupli rei recipiendae nomine fures etiam hac actione teneantur si paret eos dare oportere, quamuis sit etiam aduersus eos haec actio, qua rem nostram esse petimus.
Bṛhaspati Smṛti
The broad class of persons engaged in open or secret theft, classified and punished according to type.
Housebreakers, highwaymen, thieves of bipeds and quadrupeds, / pickpockets, and crop-stealers are to be known as secret thieves.
/ these are indeed open thieves, and likewise those who live by magic.
/ A grain-thief should be made to pay ten times the amount, and a fine of double that.
Kātyāyana Smṛti
An organized band engaged in theft, treated legally as a partnership-like group with defined shares by rank and mutual ransom obligations.
Whatever wealth is brought from another kingdom by thieves with their master's permission, having set aside a tenth part for the king, they shall divide it according to the rule.
If any of them, while on an expedition, is captured, what is given for his release shall be borne by them according to their shares.
The chief of the thieves shall then take four shares;
Nāradasmṛti
Those who steal property, taxonomized into open and secret types and subjected to detection, interrogation, and punishment procedures
Destroyers of districts, villages, and houses, highwaymen, and cutpurses—these and others like them are to be known as secret thieves.
Among them, open cheats are those who use false weights and measures, extortioners, tricksters, gamblers, prostitutes, (Nar.
And secret thieves are to be known as those who operate outside and inside.