Logic
idea · 5 works · 5 mentions · 13 anchored passages
logic · المنطق · علم المنطق · Logicians · al-manṭiq · logical · logicians · the art of logic · the art of reasoning · the five books of logic
in the texts
Bayān zaghl al-ʻilm wa-al-ṭalab
The Aristotelian art of reasoning, dismissed by the author as no part of the Islamic sciences and as a machinery for winning false arguments, but defended in the notes as what preserves a scholar from contradiction and makes his learning trustworthy.
And it is a curious thing that when al-Muwaffaq al-Maqdisī composed Rawḍat al-nāẓir on the principles of jurisprudence, and abridged within it the whole of al-Ghazzālī's al-Mustaṣfá and followed its arrangement and its wording — as appears from an examination of the two books — he summarised its logical introduction and made it the introduction to his own book, and copies of the Rawḍah circulated in that form.
As for what is true in it, that lies latent already in pure souls — got up in outlandish expressions.
and not for the hereafter, then you have tormented the beast and squandered the time.
On Moral Ends
The branch of philosophy concerned with reasoning, definition, and argument, in which Cicero finds Epicurus wholly unequipped.
he hands down no method by which a chain of reasoning is constructed and concluded;
The Game of Logic
The formal discipline being taught through the game, involving propositions, syllogisms, and fallacies.
And so you think, do you, that the chief use of Logic, in real life, is to deduce Conclusions from workable Premisses, and to satisfy yourself that the Conclusions, deduced by other people, are correct?
They have a sort of nervous dread of Attributes beginning with a negative particle.
You will find these seven words--PROPOSITION, ATTRIBUTE, TERM, SUBJECT, PREDICATE, PARTICULAR, UNIVERSAL--charmingly useful, if any friend should happen to ask if you have ever studied Logic.
al-Saʻādah fī falsafat al-akhlāq
The art that rectifies meanings and the expressions signifying them, compared to prosody and grammar, credited with the ranks of persuasion, enumerated as a corpus of books, and placed in the curriculum as the instrument of every inquiry.
As for goodness of mind and strength of discrimination, one acquires it in logic, which is an art such that, when a man is measured by it, he knows the ranks of the persuasions and the rectification of opinions concerning every existent as it ought to be and cannot be otherwise;
As for the kinds of wretchedness that stand opposite these happinesses, we have left off mentioning them, because they are known from their opposites, as is shown in logic, that the knowledge of opposites comes together in a single state.
Then he should look into logic, which is an instrument in everything one aims at;
Kitāb mīzān al-ḥaqq fī al-manṭiq
The art of rules for guiding and schooling the intellect in the discernment of truth from falsehood, presented as in need of reform
So the scholars of logic hastened to gather what they found suitable for the guiding of the intellect and its schooling, in the way of rules, and to set out their arrangement and the manner of working by what they require, so that whoever is not secure against error in his disputations, his syllogisms, his inferences and his demonstrations might be saved by observing them — since he has need of th …
It is well known among the authors of the Arabs that the founder of the science of logic and its originator was Arisṭaṭālis;
and if not, then at the least I shall have alerted minds to the need of reforming this important art, in the hope that one of wider learning and reflection than I may be granted success in it