Twelve kinds of sons
idea · 3 works · 3 mentions · 4 anchored passages
apaviddha · apaviddha (अपविद्ध) · aurasa · aurasa (औरस) · aurasa, kṣetraja, datta, kṛtrima, gūḍhotpanna, apaviddha, kānīna, sahoḍha, krīta, paunarbhava, svayaṃdatta, pāraśava · dattaka · gudhotpanna · gūḍhotpanna (गूढोत्पन्न) · kanina · krita
in the texts
Manusmṛti
A taxonomy of twelve types of sons (by birth, adoption, and other circumstances) with differing inheritance rights.
159 // The `kānīna`, the `sahoḍha`, the `krīta`, and likewise the `paunarbhava`, the `svayaṃdatta`, and the `pāraśava`—these six are not heirs but are kinsmen.
Nāradasmṛti
The Dharmaśāstra classification of twelve types of sons (by birth, adoption, or purchase), six of whom are legal heirs and six of whom are not.
The son of a remarried woman (`paunarbhava` (पौनर्भव)), the cast-off son (`apaviddha` (अपविद्ध)), the received son (`labdha` (लब्ध)), the purchased son (`krīta` (क्रीत)), the made son (`kṛta` (कृत)), and the self-offered son (`svayamupāgata` (स्वयमुपागत))—these twelve sons are declared.
The legitimate son (`aurasa` (औरस)), the son of the wife (`kṣetraja` (क्षेत्रज)), the son of an appointed daughter (`putrikāputra` (पुत्रिकापुत्र)), the son of a maiden (`kānīna` (कानीन)), the son brought with the bride (`sahoḍha` (सहोढ)), and the secretly born son (`gūḍhotpanna` (गूढोत्पन्न));
Of these, six are kinsmen and heirs, and six are not heirs but kinsmen.
Viṣṇu Smṛti
A legal classification scheme defining twelve distinct categories of sonship, each with different origins and inheritance status
The *aurasa*, the son begotten by oneself on one's own lawfully wedded wife in one's own field, is the first.
Now, there are twelve kinds of sons.
He alone is the heir to the inheritance.