Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    The Atlas·Ideas

    Verbal assault

    “vākpāruṣya”

    idea · 3 works · 3 mentions · 3 anchored passages

    verbal assault · vākpāruṣya · defamation · insult

    in the texts

    Kātyāyana SmṛtiAncient · Sanskrit

    A named legal category of speech offense, classified as harsh, abusive, or grave, with associated fines and procedures.

    ## Verbal Assault
    chapter 65
    One should convict a man guilty of verbal abuse with great care and investigation.
    chapter 65
    A snort of contempt, a cough, and whatever is censured in the world, to imitate or repeat it, is called verbal assault (*vākpāruṣya*).
    chapter 65

    ManusmṛtiAncient · Sanskrit

    The legal category covering insults, defamation, and abusive speech, with punishments scaled by the caste of offender and victim.

    hereafter I will declare the determination of verbal assault.
    chapter 8
    A Kṣatriya who insults a Brāhmaṇa deserves a fine of one hundred;
    chapter 8
    This rule of punishment for verbal assault has been declared in truth;
    chapter 8

    NāradasmṛtiAncient · Sanskrit

    The legal category covering abusive or insulting speech, graded by severity

    Verbal Assault
    chapter 1
    harsh, obscene, and severe.
    chapter 1
    Harsh language is known as reproachful;
    chapter 1