Egypt
place · 60 works · 115 mentions · 168 anchored passages
مصر · Miṣr · the land of Egypt · Egyptian Thebes · the Egyptians · Aigyptos · Alexandria · Egyptian Druids · Egyptians · Ethiopia
in the texts
first 24 worksThe Histories
Destination to which Io was taken after her abduction from Argos
In this way, the Persians say (and not as the Greeks), was how Io came to Egypt, and this, according to them, was the first wrong that was done.
Io and others were seized and thrown into the ship, which then sailed away for Egypt.
Just as the Egyptians have a climate peculiar to themselves, and their river is different in its nature from all other rivers, so, too, have they instituted customs and laws contrary for the most part to those of the rest of mankind.
Stromata
Egypt, both a real place of teaching and an allegorical figure for the world/worldly education.
But when I met with the last (though in power he was the first), I found rest, having tracked him down where he lay hidden in Egypt.
and she rightly thought it fitting that the man who already had the season for advance should first lie with worldly education (and Egypt is allegorized as the world), and afterward come to her too, according to divine providence, and beget Isaac.
For this reason Abraham too, when Sarah was jealous of Hagar for outshining her — choosing, as it were, only the useful part of worldly philosophy — said, "Behold, the handmaid is in your hands;
Letters
Country Basil traveled to twice while seeking Eustathius.
So once again I had to go to Egypt, a long and grievous road, and not even there did I obtain what I sought.
According to the practices of the land of Egypt, in which you dwelt, you shall not do;
If for these things, then, you shun us, you will shun the Egyptians, you will shun both the Libyans, the Thebans, the Palestinians, the Arabs, the Phoenicians, the Syrians, and those settled by the Euphrates, and in short all among whom vigils and prayers and common psalmody are held in honor.
Adversus Marcionem
Land associated with Moses, contrasted with Paradise as the true origin of knowledge of God.
For even though Moses, somewhat later, seems the first to have dedicated the God of the world in the temple of his own writings, the birthdays of His recognition are not therefore to be reckoned from the Pentateuch — since the whole pen of Moses does not establish the knowledge of the Creator, but, beginning from the very origin, recounts that He is to be reckoned from Paradise and Adam, not from Egypt and Moses.
and elsewhere, "And I will arrange a testament, not such as I arranged for your fathers, when I led them out of the land of Egypt.
unjustly that Egypt — most foul, superstitious, and moreover the persecutor of its guest people — was struck with a tenfold chastisement.
Orations
The land where the speaker heard the alternative account of the Trojan War from the aged priest, and where one tradition places Helen during the war.
I, then, as I learned from one of the priests in Egypt, a very old man at Onuphis, who laughed at the Greeks for many things as knowing nothing true about most matters, and most of all using this as proof, that they are persuaded that Troy was taken by Agamemnon and that Helen, while living with Menelaus, fell in love with Alexander;
And saying these things you nonetheless say that Homer's poetry is true, and hearing that Stesichorus in his later song says that Helen did not sail anywhere at all, and others that Helen was seized by Alexander but came here to us in Egypt—and the matter being thus disputed and full of much ignorance, not even so can you suspect the deception.
And Menelaus did not come to the Peloponnese at all, but remained in Egypt.
Odyssey
Land to which part of Menelaos' storm-driven fleet is carried, where he gathers gold among a foreign people.
As for the other five ships, they were taken by winds and seas to Egypt, where Menelaos gathered much gold and substance among people of an alien speech.
Now off Egypt, about as far as a ship can sail in a day with a good stiff breeze behind her, there is an island called Pharos - it has a good harbor from which vessels can get out into open sea when they have taken in water - and the gods becalmed me twenty days without so much as a breath of fair wind to help me forward.
Polybos lived in Egyptian Thebes, which is the richest city in the whole world;
The Rights of War and Peace
Country ruled by Pharaoh where Joseph administered a grain monopoly
a noble instance of which we find in the history of Joseph, who governed Egypt under the auspices of Pharaoh.
There have been indeed, it cannot be denied, happy instances where the sentence of death was changed for that of perpetual labour, a practice, as we are informed by Diodorus, followed by Sabacon, king of Egypt, a prince renowned for his piety.
This was a received opinion in ancient times, as we find from the language of Aeschylus, in whose Tragedy of the Suppliants, the King of Argos, addressing a number of the daughters of Danaus, on their coming from Egypt, says, “If the sons of Egypt exercise controul over you, maintaining that they are authorised to do so by the law of the state, as being the nearest allied by blood, who can resist them?
Ansāb al-ʻArab al-qudamāʼ
Egypt, whose conquest by ʻAmr ibn al-ʻĀṣ serves as the analogy for a fact secure in itself though variously reported in detail.
For if a company disagreed over ʻAmr ibn al-ʻĀṣ's conquest of Egypt — one of them saying that he took it by treaty, others saying that he took it by force, others that he came to it with four thousand fighting men, others that he came rather with ten thousand, and others disagreeing over whether the Arabs came to it upon horses or upon camels — would that indicate that Egypt was not conquered?
We have before us numerous travel-books written and published in the course of the two last centuries about Syria and Egypt, in which are fabrications that have no foundation save in the mind of the writer or of his prompter.
Upon this principle they make the names of the cities feminine even when their form is not feminine, so that we say 'Baghdād was conquered' and 'Miṣr was peopled' or 'al-Shām', implying the word «city».
Ad Nationes
Kingdom ruled by the queen (Cleopatra) cited as an exemplar of contempt of death.
the queen of Egypt used her own beasts;
For that Serapis was once called Joseph, of the race of the holy ones.
Most of the Egyptians believe in four gods:
Bayān zaghl al-ʻilm wa-al-ṭalab
The Egyptian lands, named as the jurisdiction and scholarly seat of Ibn Daqīq al-ʻĪd.
Of the people of hadith we caught only a small company, such as the judge of the lands of Egypt and its scholar, Taqī al-Dīn ibn Daqīq al-ʻĪd;
as they did at Baghdād in the days of al-Mustaẓhir bi-Allāh the ʻAbbāsid in the case of the Qarāmiṭah, and in Egypt after the passing of the ʻUbaydī state in the case of the hangers-on of the Bāṭinīyah, where the interest of the Muslims made it obligatory to adopt Mālik's word.
I have wearied myself in the weighing of him and the searching of him out until I grew sick of it over long-drawn years, and I have found nothing that set him back among the people of Egypt and Syria, and made their souls loathe him and hold him cheap and call him a liar and charge him with unbelief, except pride and self-satisfaction and an excess of passion for the headship of the shaykhly offic …
On the Nature of the Gods
The land protected by the ibis from serpent-borne pestilence, according to the Egyptian religious practice described.
they ward off pestilence from Egypt when they kill and consume the winged snakes borne in from the wastes of Libya by the African wind, so that those serpents harm not by their bite while alive nor by their stench when dead.
The Nile waters Egypt, and, when it has held it through the whole summer overwhelmed and covered, then retires and leaves the fields, softened and silted, for sowing.
Protrepticus
Land invoked both as the site of the Exodus wonders and as a source of idolatrous shrines and myths.
Whether, then, the mythical goats teach that the Phrygians are most ancient, or the poets who record the Arcadians as older than the moon, or those who dream that the Egyptians first brought forth from this earth both gods and men — yet not one of these existed before this universe;
yes, and let the shrines of the Egyptians and the necromancies of the Etruscans be handed over to darkness.
Let us flee, then, obeying the apostolic command, "the prince of the power of the air, of the spirit that now works in the sons of disobedience," and let us run to the Lord our Saviour, who both now and always exhorted men to salvation — through wonders and signs in Egypt, and in the wilderness through the bush and through the cloud that, by an attendant grace of love toward man, served the Hebrews like a handmaid.
Barlaam and Josaphat
Land where monasticism first flourished, inspiring similar movements in India.
And when in Egypt too the monasteries began to be established and the multitudes of monks to be gathered together, and the fame of their virtue and their angelic manner of life spread to the ends of the inhabited world and came also to the Indians, it stirred these as well to the like zeal, so that many of them, leaving all things behind, took to the deserts and, in a mortal body, took up the way …
The country called India lies far from Egypt, being large and densely peopled.
For these, being descendants of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, sojourned in Egypt.
Risālat al-Wāridāt
Egypt, given as the province in which the author was reared and hence the setting of his education and of al-Afghānī's arrival.
Muḥammad ʻAbduh, son of ʻAbduh, son of Ḥasan Khayr Allāh, says — he who was reared in the province of Miṣr, in the district of al-Buḥayrah, in a village called Maḥallat Naṣr;
And this poor servant, Muḥammad ʻAbduh, son of ʻAbduh, son of Ḥasan Khayr Allāh, of the people of Maḥallat Naṣr in the province of al-Buḥayrah, one of the provinces of the northern region of the Egyptian country, sets them out in order as he believes them, avoiding the mention of the long-drawn proofs which the understandings of the common people and of the limited find it hard to grasp, and leavi …
Adversus Judaeos
The land from which Israel was delivered by God, later the setting of renewed idolatry, and eventually a region whose inhabitants believe in Christ.
In whom have the nations believed — the Parthians, the Medes, the Elamites, and those who dwell in Mesopotamia, Armenia, Phrygia, Cappadocia, and those who inhabit Pontus and Asia and Pamphylia, those who reside in Egypt, and those who inhabit the region of Africa beyond Cyrene, Romans and resident foreigners, and then the Jews in Jerusalem, and the other nations — as now the various tribes of the …
For Israel, which had been known to God, and which had been exalted by him in Egypt, and was carried across the Red Sea, and which was fed in the wilderness with manna for forty years — brought to the likeness of eternity, neither defiled with human sufferings nor fed on the foods of this world, but fed on manna, the bread of angels, and bound to God by enough of his benefits — forgot the Lord and …
This suffering of this destruction was accomplished within the times of the seventy weeks, under Tiberius Caesar, in the consulship of Rubellius Geminus and Fufius Geminus, in the month of March, at the time of the Passover, on the eighth day before the Kalends of April, on the first day of the unleavened bread, on which they killed the lamb at evening, as had been commanded by Moses.
Birds
The land said by Pisthetaerus to have once been ruled by the cuckoo.
The cuckoo was king of Egypt and of the whole of Phoenicia.
Clouds
A distant land invoked by the Chorus in a comic exaggeration of the misfortune awaiting a judge who rules against them.
so he will probably wish rather to have been even in Egypt than to have judged badly.
Constitution of the Athenians
Destination of Solon's decade-long journey abroad.
Having arranged the constitution in the manner described, since people kept coming to him and pestering him about the laws, criticizing some points and questioning others, and wishing neither to disturb these things nor to incur enmity by remaining, he made a journey abroad, for trade and at the same time for sightseeing, to Egypt, saying that he would not return for ten years.
Mukhtaṣar fī ʻilm al-nafs al-insānīyah
Egypt, the refuge commanded in the Matthean dream cited as an example of a dream whose likeness is complete and needs no interpretation.
« Arise, take the child and his mother and go off with them to Miṣr » (1).
De legendis gentilium libris
Land associated with pagan learning in both the Moses exemplum and the Bias anecdote.
It is said, then, that even that great Moses, whose name for wisdom is greatest among all men, first trained his mind in the learning of the Egyptians, and so came to the contemplation of Him Who Is.
Bias, then, to his son setting out for Egypt and asking what he might do that would most gratify him, said:
Letters of Marcus Tullius Cicero
Country where Pompey was murdered after the battle of Pharsalus.
The war for supremacy between Cæsar and Pompey which had for some time been gradually growing more certain, broke out in 49 bc, when Cæsar led his army across the Rubicon, and Cicero after much irresolution threw in his lot with Pompey, who was overthrown the next year in the battle of Pharsalus and later murdered in Egypt.
On Moral Ends
Land visited by Plato and Pythagoras to learn from barbarian priests
For unless it did this, why did Plato traverse Egypt, that he might receive numbers and the heavenly things from the barbarian priests?
On the Commonwealth
Land visited by Plato in his philosophical education.
but you have heard, I believe, Tubero, that after the death of Socrates, Plato journeyed first into Egypt to learn, and afterward into Italy and Sicily, that he might thoroughly master the discoveries of Pythagoras;
Against Dionysodorus
The outbound destination of the mortgaged ship's voyage and, under Cleomenes, the source of the grain cargo at the center of the dispute.
All these men, I would have you know, men of the jury, were underlings and confederates of Cleomenes, the former ruler of Egypt, who from the time he received the government did no small harm to your state, or rather to the rest of the Greeks as well, by buying up grain for resale and fixing its price, and in this he had these men as his confederates.
This Dionysodorus, men of Athens, and his partner Parmeniscus came to us last year in the month Metageitnion, and said that they desired to borrow money on their ship on the terms that she should sail to Egypt and from Egypt to Rhodes or Athens, and they agreed to pay the interest for the voyage to either one of these ports.
Afterwards, however, men of the jury, when the ships from Sicily had arrived, and the prices of grain here were falling, and their ship had reached Egypt, the defendant straightway sent a man to Rhodes to inform his partner Parmeniscus of the state of things here, well knowing that his ship would be forced to touch at Rhodes.
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Against Leptines · Against Timocrates · For the Liberty of the Rhodians · On the False Embassy · Philip’s Letter · Electra · Helen · The Trojan Women · Institutes of Roman Law · Lectures on the Early History of Institutions · Iliad · Hymn 7 to Dionysus · Archidamus · Busiris · Helen · Panathenaicus · Panegyricus · To Philip · Kitāb madhāhib al-Aʻrāb wa-falāsifat al-Islām fī al-jinn · Applied Eugenics · Phaedo · Kitāb mīzān al-ḥaqq fī al-manṭiq · The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1625–1660 · Consolation to Helvia · Letters to Lucilius · Adversus Praxean · Apologeticum · De Baptismo · De ieiunio adversus psychicos · De Pallio · De Spectaculis · Scorpiace · Common Sense · History of the Peloponnesian War · Cyropaedia · Memorabilia