Falsafa

Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    Enlightenment · English

    The Ruins, or a Survey of the Revolutions of Empires

    Constantin-François Volney

    The Ruins, or a Survey of the Revolutions of Empires, by Constantin-François Volney (1757–1820), a public-domain text from Liberty Fund's Online Library of Liberty.

    Chapters
    38
    Variants
    38
    Genre
    Philosophy
    Difficulty
    Advanced

    Chapters

    1. 01Preface.prose
    2. 02Invocation.prose
    3. 03Chap. I.: The Tour.prose
    4. 04Chap. II.: Meditations.prose
    5. 05Chap. III.: The Apparition.prose
    6. 06Chap. IV.: The Hemisphere.prose
    7. 07Chap. V.: Condition of Man in the Universe.prose
    8. 08Chap. VI.: Original State of Man.prose
    9. 09Chap. VII.: Principles of Society.prose
    10. 10Chap. VIII.: Source of the Evils of Society.prose
    11. 11Chap. IX.: The Origin of Government and Laws.prose
    12. 12Chap. X.: General Causes of the Prosperity of Ancient States.prose
    13. 13Chap. XI.: General Causes of the Revolutions and Ruin of Ancient States.prose
    14. 14Chap. XII.: Lessons Taught by Ancient, Repeated in Modern Times.prose
    15. 15Chap. XIII.: Will the Human Race Be Ever in a Better Condition Than at Present.prose
    16. 16Chap. XIV.: Grand Obstacle to Improvement.prose
    17. 17Chap. XV.: New Age.prose
    18. 18Chap. XVI.: A Free and Legislative People.prose
    19. 19Chap. XVII.: Universal Basis of All Right and All Law.prose
    20. 20Chap. XVIII.: Consternation and Conspiracy of Tyrants.prose
    21. 21Chap. XIX.: General Assembly of the People.prose
    22. 22Chap. XX.: Investigation of Truth.prose
    23. 23Chap. XXI.: Problem of Religious Contradictions.prose
    24. 24Chap. XXII.: Origin and Genealogy of Religious Ideas.prose
    25. 25Sect. I.: Origin of the idea of God: Worship of the elements, and the physical powers of nature.prose
    26. 26Sect. II.: Second system: Worship of the Stars, or Sabeism.prose
    27. 27Sect. III.: Third System: Worship of symbols, or idolatry.prose
    28. 28Sect. IV.: Fourth system: Worship of two principles, or Dualism.prose
    29. 29Sect. V.: Mystical or moral worship, or the system of a future state.prose
    30. 30Sect. VI.: Sixth System: The animated world, or worship of the universe under different emblems.prose
    31. 31Sect. VII.: Seventh System: Worship of the Soul of the World, that is, the element of fire, the vital principle of the uprose
    32. 32Sect. VIII.: Eighth system: The world a machine: worship of the Demi-ourgos, or supreme artificer.prose
    33. 33Sect. IX.: Religion of Moses, or worship of the soul of the world (You-piter).prose
    34. 34Sect. X.: Religion of Zoroaster.prose
    35. 35Sect. XI.: Budoism, or religion of the Samaneans.prose
    36. 36Sect. XIII.: Christianity, or the allegorical worship of the Sun, under the cabalistical names of Chris-en or Christ, anprose
    37. 37Chap. XXIII.: End of All Religions the Same.prose
    38. 38Chap. XXIV.: Solution of the Problem of Contradictions.prose