Authorities.—

Amé, Étude sur les tarifs de douane et sur les traités de commerce (Paris, 1876);

P. Ashley, Modern Tariff History (London, 1904);

W. J. Ashley, The Tariff Problem (London, 1904);

Carl Ballod, Die deutsch-amerikanischen Handelsbeziehungen (Leipzig, 1901);

C. F. Bastable, The Commerce of Nations (London, 1892);

A. Beer, Österreichische Handelspolitik im XIX. Jahrhundert (Vienna, 1891);

S. J. Chapman, History of Trade between the United Kingdom and the United States, with special reference to the Effect of Tariffs (London, 1899);

G. B. Curtiss, Protection and Prosperity: an Account of Tariff Legislation and its Effect in Europe and America (1896);

Sir C. Dilke, Problems of Greater Britain (London, 1890);

Dowell, History of Taxes and Taxation in England;

T. H. Farrer, The State in Relation to Trade (1883);

G. M. Fisk, Die Handelspolitik der Vereinigten Staaten, 1890–1900; Schriften des Vereins für Socialpolitik, XC. (Leipzig, 1900);

Funck-Brentano and Dupuis, Les tarifs douaniers et les traités de commerce (Paris, 1896);

W. Lotz, Die Handelspolitik des Deutschen Reiches, 1800–1900 (Leipzig, 1901);

H. Richelot, Le Zollverein (1859);

J. W. Root, Colonial Tariffs (Liverpool, 1906);

E. Stanwood, American Tariff Controversies in the Nineteenth Century (London, 1903);

F. W. Taussig, The Tariff History of the United Stales (New York, 1893);

J. Wernicke, System der nationanalen Schutzpolitik nach aussen (Jena, 1896).