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    19th Century · English

    A History of American Currency

    William Graham Sumner

    A History of American Currency, by William Graham Sumner (1840–1910), a public-domain text from Liberty Fund's Online Library of Liberty.

    Chapters
    95
    Variants
    95
    Genre
    Economics
    Difficulty
    Advanced

    Chapters

    1. 01Preface.prose
    2. 02Chapter I.: history of american currency.prose
    3. 03Wampumpeag Currency.prose
    4. 04Barter Currency.prose
    5. 05Distress.prose
    6. 06New Industries.prose
    7. 07The “Pine-tree” Coinage.prose
    8. 08The First Expedition Against Canada, and Paper Money.prose
    9. 09Second Expedition Against Canada—depreciation.prose
    10. 10COLMAN's Bank.prose
    11. 11Loan Bank.prose
    12. 12Banks.prose
    13. 13The Land Bank.prose
    14. 14The Specie Bank.prose
    15. 15Expedition Against Louisbourg.prose
    16. 16Resumption in Massachusetts.prose
    17. 17Action of Connecticut, Action of Rhode Island.prose
    18. 18Legal-tender Paper Abolished.prose
    19. 19Double Standard Tried in Massachusetts—other Colonial Issues.prose
    20. 20Continental Paper Money.prose
    21. 21Bank of North America.prose
    22. 22Renewed Agitation in Favor of Paper Money.prose
    23. 23Assumption of the State Debts.prose
    24. 24Banking on Convertible Currency.prose
    25. 25Paper Money and the Federal Constitution.prose
    26. 26The First Bank of the United States, Coinage.prose
    27. 27Bank Issues in New England.prose
    28. 28Bank Issues in the Middle States.prose
    29. 29Suspension of 1814.prose
    30. 30Second United States Bank.prose
    31. 31Resumption.prose
    32. 32Condition of the United States Bank.prose
    33. 33Crisis of 1819.prose
    34. 34Crisis of 1825.prose
    35. 35Investments of Foreign Capital.prose
    36. 36Currency and Tariff as Political Issues.prose
    37. 37War Between the Administration and the United States Bank.prose
    38. 38The Compromise Tariff.prose
    39. 39Removal of the Deposits.prose
    40. 40Distress of 1834.prose
    41. 41Changes in the Coinage.prose
    42. 42War with the Bank Continued.prose
    43. 43Small Notes.prose
    44. 44Railroad Building, Speculation.prose
    45. 45Affairs in England.prose
    46. 46Cotton.prose
    47. 47Bank Expansion. (1)prose
    48. 48“Distribution” or “Deposit” of Surplus Revenue.prose
    49. 49Public Claims, The “Specie Circular.”prose
    50. 50The Pennsylvania Bank of the United States, The Crisis.prose
    51. 51Measures for Resumption.prose
    52. 52Revival of Business.prose
    53. 53The Bank Crash of 1839.prose
    54. 54Movements of Specie, 1830–1840.prose
    55. 55Financial Measures from 1840 to 1850.prose
    56. 56Period from 1850–1862.prose
    57. 57Capital and Currency.prose
    58. 58Bank Expansion. (2)prose
    59. 59State of Affairs in 1853–4.prose
    60. 60Crisis of 1857.prose
    61. 61Alteration of the Coinage.prose
    62. 62The Currency at the Outbreak of the War.prose
    63. 63Suspension.prose
    64. 64The Legal Tender Act.prose
    65. 65Effects of Legal Tender Issues.prose
    66. 66The Tariff.prose
    67. 67Contraction or Inflation ?prose
    68. 68Paper Money with a Fixed Limit.prose
    69. 69Course of the Market.prose
    70. 70Explanation of the Diagram. (1)prose
    71. 71Chapter II.: The English Bank Restriction.prose
    72. 72Cause of the Restriction.prose
    73. 73Acts Continuing the Restriction.prose
    74. 74Bank-notes Not Legal Tender.prose
    75. 75Effects of the Restriction in Its First Stage.prose
    76. 76Commercial Affairs.prose
    77. 77The Bullion Report, The Questions at Issue.prose
    78. 78Summary.prose
    79. 79The Crisis of 1810.prose
    80. 80Public Discussion of the Bullion Report.prose
    81. 81The Parliamentary Committee on the Commercial Crisis.prose
    82. 82The Debate in the House.prose
    83. 83Commercial Events from 1810 to 1819.prose
    84. 84The Committees of 1819.prose
    85. 85The Debate of 1819.prose
    86. 86Operation of Peels Act of 1819.prose
    87. 87Crisis of 1825, and Abolition of Small Notes.prose
    88. 88Explanation of the Diagram. (2)prose
    89. 89Chapter III.: austrian paper money.prose
    90. 90Conclusion.prose
    91. 91Appendix.: Report from the Select Committee on the High Price of Gold Bullion.prose
    92. 92I.prose
    93. 93II.prose
    94. 94III.prose
    95. 95IV.prose