Falsafa

Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    19th Century · English

    The Forgotten Man and Other Essays

    William Graham Sumner

    The Forgotten Man and Other Essays, by William Graham Sumner (1840–1910), a public-domain text from Liberty Fund's Online Library of Liberty.

    Chapters
    92
    Variants
    92
    Genre
    Political Theory
    Difficulty
    Advanced

    Chapters

    1. 01Preface (1)prose
    2. 02Preface (2)prose
    3. 03(A): The System of which Protection is a Survival.prose
    4. 04(B): Old and New Conceptions of the State.prose
    5. 05(C): Definition of Protectionism — Definition of “Theory.”prose
    6. 06(D): Definition of Free Trade and of a Protective Duty.prose
    7. 07(E): Protectionism Raises a Purely Domestic Controversy.prose
    8. 08(F): ”A Protective Duty is not a Tax.”prose
    9. 09Chapter II.: Protectionism Examined on Its Own Groundsprose
    10. 10(A): Assumptions in Protectionism.prose
    11. 11(B): Necessary Conditions of Successful Protective Legislation.prose
    12. 12(C): Examination of the Means Proposed, viz., Taxes.prose
    13. 13(D): Examination of the Plan of Mutual Taxation.prose
    14. 14(E): Examination of the Proposal to “Create an Industry.”prose
    15. 15(F): Examination of the Proposal to Develop our Natural Resources.prose
    16. 16(G): Examination of the Proposal to Raise Wages.prose
    17. 17(H): Examination of the Proposal to Prevent Competition by Foreign Pauper Labor.prose
    18. 18(I): Examination of the Proposal to raise the Standard of Public Comfort.prose
    19. 19Chapter III: protectionism examined adverselyprose
    20. 20(A): Rules for Knowing when it is Safe to Trade.prose
    21. 21(B): Economic Units not National Units.prose
    22. 22II.: protectionism is at war with improvementprose
    23. 23(A): Taxes to Offset Cheapened Transportation.prose
    24. 24(B): Sugar Bounties.prose
    25. 25(C): Forced Foreign Relations to Regulate Improvement which can no Longer be Defeated.prose
    26. 26(A): No True Wages Class in the United States.prose
    27. 27(B): How Taxes Do Act on Wages.prose
    28. 28(C): Perils or Statistics, Especially of Wages.prose
    29. 294.: protectionism is socialismprose
    30. 30(A): That Infant Industries can be Nourished up to Independence and that they then Become Productive.prose
    31. 31(B): That Protective Taxes do not Raise Prices but Lower Prices.prose
    32. 32(C): That we should be a Purely Agricultural Nation under Free Trade.prose
    33. 33(D): That Communities which Manufacture are More Prosperous than those which are Agricultural.prose
    34. 34(E): That it is an Object to Diversify Industry, and that Nations which have Various Industries are Stronger than Othersprose
    35. 35(F): That Manufactures Give Value to Land.prose
    36. 36(G): That the Farmer, if he Pays Taxes to Bring into Existence a Factory, which would not otherwise Exist, will Win moreprose
    37. 37(H): That Farmers Gain by Protection, because it Draws so many Laborers out of Competition with them.prose
    38. 38(I): That our Industries would Perish without Protection.prose
    39. 39(K): That we Want to be Complete in ourselves and Sufficient to ourselves, and Independent, as a Nation, which State of prose
    40. 40(L): That Protective Taxes are Necessary to Prevent a Foreign Monopoly from Getting Control op our Market.prose
    41. 41(M): That Free Trade is Good in Theory but Impossible in Practice; that it would be a Good Thing if All Nations would haprose
    42. 42(N): That Trade is WAR, so that Free Trade Methods are Unfit for it, and that Protective Taxes are Suited to it.prose
    43. 43(O): That Protection Brings into Employment Labor and Capital which would otherwise be Idle.prose
    44. 44(P): That a Young Nation Needs Protection and will Suffer some Disadvantage in Free Exchange with an Old One.prose
    45. 45(Q): That we Need Protection to Get Ready for War.prose
    46. 46(R): That Protectionism Produces some Great Moral Advantages.prose
    47. 47(S): That a “Worker may Gain More by Having his Industry Protected than he will Lose by Having to Pay Dearly for what heprose
    48. 48(T): That “A Duty May at Once Protect the Native Manufacturer Adequately, and Recoup the Country for the Expense of Protprose
    49. 49Chapter V: summary and conclusionprose
    50. 50Tariff Reform (2)prose
    51. 51What Is Free Trade? (2)prose
    52. 52Protectionism Twenty Years After (2)prose
    53. 53Prosperity Strangled by Gold (2)prose
    54. 54Cause and Cure of Hard Times (2)prose
    55. 55The Free-coinage Scheme Is Impracticable at Every Point, The Program.prose
    56. 56Free Silver Means Fiat Paper Money.prose
    57. 57Limit of the Amount of Silver which could be Absorbed.prose
    58. 58It is Impossible Indefinitely to Increase the Circulation.prose
    59. 59Antagonistic Interests of Miners and Populists.prose
    60. 60The Rise of Prices.prose
    61. 61Where the Expected Gains Would go.prose
    62. 62Playing Into the Hands of the Money Sharks.prose
    63. 63The Delusion of the Debtors, The Re-monetization of Silver.prose
    64. 64Financial Institutions as Debtors.prose
    65. 65Small Mortgagors.prose
    66. 66Farmer-Mortgagors.prose
    67. 67Social War the Consequence.prose
    68. 68The Exploded Booms.prose
    69. 69The Crime of 1873, Legislative History of the Act of 1873.prose
    70. 70Was it Passed Surreptitiously?prose
    71. 71That the People Did Not Know of It.prose
    72. 72Motive of the Law.prose
    73. 73Alternate Ruin to Debtors and Creditors.prose
    74. 74Demonetization Removed No Money from Use.prose
    75. 75The Alleged Scramble for Gold.prose
    76. 76Proof that there has been no Scarcity of Gold.prose
    77. 77How to Get Poor and Rich at the Same Time.prose
    78. 78Monopoly of the Money.prose
    79. 79A Concurrent Circulation of Gold and Silver [1878]prose
    80. 80The Influence of Commercial Crises on Opinions About Economic Doctrines [1879]prose
    81. 81The Philosophy of Strikes (2)prose
    82. 82Strikes and the Industrial Organizaton, Strikes and the Industrial Organizationprose
    83. 83Trusts and Trades-unions (2)prose
    84. 84An Old “Trust” (2)prose
    85. 85Shall Americans Own Ships? (2)prose
    86. 86Politics in America, 1776–1876 (2)prose
    87. 87The Administration of Andrew Jackson [1880]prose
    88. 88The Commercial Crisis of 1837 [1877–1878]prose
    89. 89The Science of Sociology (2)prose
    90. 90Integrity in Education (2)prose
    91. 91Discipline (2)prose
    92. 92The Forgotten Man [1883]prose