John (King of England) · Atlas

in the texts

Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John20th Century · English

King of England (r. 1199-1216) whose taxation, loss of Normandy, quarrel with Rome, and conflict with the barons over liberties form the central narrative of the passage, culminating in the arrangement of the Runnymede meeting.

John’s needs proved as great as Richard’s:

iv richard i and john ¶

More than once John demanded, and his barons refused, their feudal service.

v the years of crisis 1213 15 ¶

By his arbitrary and selfish home policy, the King had alienated their sympathies.

iv richard i and john ¶