Julius Caesar

Cessio bonorum was introduced by a lex Julia, § 78, enacted either by Julius or Augustus Caesar, and if by the latter, in imitation of a measure of the former which he himself has recorded.

This law, enacted either by Augustus or by Julius Caesar, made the criminal guilty of public or armed violence, liable to deportation;

Ofilius’ intimacy with Caesar is noticed by Pomponius (Dig l.

It was plain, then, the Germans had no right to demand the surrender of Caesar’s person, though the Romans had a right to punish him for having exceeded his commission.

Cato proposed that Julius Caesar should be delivered up to the Germans for having attacked them in violation of his promise, a proposal proceeding rather from the desire to be rid of a formidable rival, than from any principle of justice.

For instance, among the Latins, although the terms principality and kingdom are generally opposed to each other, when Caesar says, that the father of Vercingetorix held the principality of Gaul, and was put to death for aiming at sovereign power;

but, even if we could do so, Cæsar expressly states of the Gauls that, though they were acquainted with writing, they had superstitious scruples about using written characters to preserve any part of their sacred literature, in which their law would then be included.

The ancient organisation of the Celts of Gaul, described by Cæsar with the greatest clearness and decisiveness, appeared to have entirely disappeared from France, partly because French society was exclusively examined for many centuries by lawyers trained either in Roman or in highly feudalised law, but partly also because the institutions of the Gallic Celts had really passed under the crushing m …

Cæsar plainly found the Celts of the Continent polygamous, living in families held together by stringent Paternal Power.

A statue was being voted to be set up to Sejanus in Pompey's theatre, which Caesar was rebuilding after a fire;

As it was, the addition of a very few years drove a man born for liberty, not his own only but the public's, to flee Caesar and follow Pompey.

Lucius Bibulus, if you will, and Gaius Caesar—you will see that, between colleagues most hostile, their fortune was in accord.

he says that, if Caesar conquer, he will die;

If you wish to grasp in your mind the image of that time, you will see on the one side the commons and the whole rabble bent upon revolution, on the other the aristocracy and the equestrian order, whatever there was in the state of sacred and chosen, and two left in the midst, the commonwealth and Cato.

In short, amid that alarm of the commonwealth, when on the one side was Caesar, supported by ten most warlike legions and by all the auxiliaries of foreign nations, on the other Gnaeus Pompey, one man enough against all, while some inclined toward Caesar, others toward Pompey, Cato alone formed a party also for the commonwealth itself.

Nor indeed was this law adopted by Cesar, by Trajan, or by Antoninus, whose name is still pronounced with respect by all nations;

The war for supremacy between Cæsar and Pompey which had for some time been gradually growing more certain, broke out in 49 bc, when Cæsar led his army across the Rubicon, and Cicero after much irresolution threw in his lot with Pompey, who was overthrown the next year in the battle of Pharsalus and later murdered in Egypt.

For since, after the death of Caesar, every occasion for fresh disturbances seemed to be sought out, and we thought these had to be met, almost all our conversation was spent on these deliberations;

These, at any rate, did not allow them to join battle with Caesar before the new moon shone.

Julius Cæsar contemplated vast additions to the Statute Law;

Cæsar speaks positively of the judicial power exercised in their hundred courts and courts-baron.

This too was done by that Gaius Caesar who used his victory in the civil war most mercifully;

1 A certain one of the veterans, a little too violent toward his neighbors, was pleading his cause before the deified Julius, and the case was going against him.

as when Caesar, otherwise ill, in the battle of his enemies Brutus and Cassius at Philippi, yet thinking he would bring back a greater danger from the foe, escaped, by a vision shown to Artorius, leaving the tent;