Women
group · 15 works · 17 mentions · 28 anchored passages
women · woman · wife · النساء · a woman · wives · a bedmate · aged woman · al-mankūḥāt · al-nisāʼ
in the texts
Institutes of Roman Law
Adult women under guardianship, whose more limited restrictions on alienation and testamentary capacity are contrasted with wards and male minors.
A woman may be lawfully paid without her guardian’s sanction, and the payer is discharged of liability, because, as we have just mentioned, a woman does not need her guardian’s sanction for the alienation of a non-mancipable thing, provided always that she receives actual payment:
We must next observe, that neither a woman nor a ward (pupillus) can aliene a mancipable thing without their guardian’s sanction:
Thus a woman lending money without the guardian’s sanction passes the property therein to the borrower, money being a non-mancipable thing, and so imposes a contractual obligation on the borrower.
Aphorisms
Female persons discussed as a demographic group with distinct medical rules
Rigors commence in women, especially at the loins, and spread by the back to the head;
A woman does not take the gout, unless her menses be stopped.
A woman does not become ambidexterous.
Risālah fī ʻilm al-akhlāq
Women as a class, treated in the ethics of appetite as interchangeable objects of desire and in the ethics of speech as names not to be disparaged.
And know that the thing most ruinous to religion, most wearing to the body, most wasteful of money, most harmful to the intellect, and swiftest in carrying off dignity and gravity, is being enticed by women.
And if you are in company, do not sweep a whole people into abuse or blame, and do not disparage any name out of the names of men and women;
Bayān zaghl al-ʻilm wa-al-ṭalab
Women appear twice as a formal category: as the final class of Companion musnads in al-Ḥumaydī's scheme, and among the mixed crowds whose names filled the audition certificates.
[9] (2) Those throngs at the sessions of audition, in the author's age and before it and after it, were for nothing but the registering of their names in the audition-certificates — nurslings and boys, youths and men of middle age, men and women — as having been present at, or having heard, such-and-such a book.
He arranged them by the musnads of the Companions in five classes:
Adab al-wazīr
Women, invoked only in the contrast that assigns affectation to them and cleanliness to manly virtue.
for cleanliness is part of manly virtue, and affectation is for women.
An Essay on Crimes and Punishments
Women considered specifically as a class of potential witnesses whose testimony some wrongly reject.
Hence it appears, how frivolous is the reasoning of those, who reject the testimony of women on account of their weakness;
Exhortation to the Newly Baptized
Women, toward whom the addressee is instructed to show modesty and downcast gaze.
let there be modesty toward women, and your gaze turned down to the earth.
Nicocles or the Cyprians
Women considered in relation to marriage, sexual restraint, legitimate children, and royal self-control.
Furthermore, I had no patience with the perversity of men who take women in marriage and make them partners in all the relations of life, and then are not satisfied with the compacts which they have made but by their own lawless pleasures bring pain to those whom they expect never to cause them pain and who, though honest in all other partnerships, are without conscience in the partnership of marr …
Moreover, I saw that while the majority of people are masters of themselves in other matters, even the best are slaves to the passions whose objects are boys and women;
I did not think I should have some children by a woman of humbler station and others by one of higher degree, nor that I should leave after me bastard progeny, as well as progeny of legitimate birth;
An Essay on the Trial by Jury
Married women, who under the cited common-law authorities were barred from serving as jurors.
and thence it is, that feme coverts are exempted to do suit in inferior courts.
But women, infants within the age of twenty-one years, deaf, dumb, idiots, those who are indicted or appealed of mortal felony, before they be acquitted, diseased persons, and excommunicated persons are exempted from doing suit.
al-Saʻādah fī falsafat al-akhlāq
Women, appearing both as one of the lawful goods of this life and as a class of sensory delight in the philosophical argument.
The first is that the delights of sensible things are the objects of sexual union and the objects of eating;
women, and perfume;
Antigone
Women as a gendered group used by Ismene and Creon to define obedience, weakness, confinement, and male authority.
No, we must remember, first, that ours is a woman’s nature, and accordingly not suited to battles against men;
Therefore we must defend those who respect order, and in no way can we let a woman defeat us.
While I live, no woman will rule me.
Kātyāyana Smṛti
Women, especially wives, treated as a distinct legal category with specific rules on debt liability, punishment, confinement, and property.
The wife who was told by her dying husband, "This debt is to be paid by you," must be made to pay it even if she did not agree, if the wealth has devolved upon the wife.
A debt incurred by a wife together with her husband or son, or by herself alone, must be paid;
In all offenses, whatever monetary fine is prescribed for a man, women should pay half of that;
Manusmṛti
The class of women addressed by a distinct set of dharma rules concerning dependence, chastity, and widowhood.
and a second husband is nowhere prescribed for virtuous women.
Slokantara
Women as a class, repeatedly characterized in the text as inherently crooked or requiring guidance.
[Slo_23s-ab] nadīnāṁ ca latānāṁ ca strīṇāṁ ca kuṭilā gatiḥ | [Slo_23s-cd] yadi satyā bhaven nārī śilāyāṁ kumudaṁ bhavet || 23 ||
No woman is straight;
There are three things whose path in the world is not straight.
Economics
Women and wives as a social group assigned indoor stewardship, child care, and household management.
And since both the indoor and the outdoor tasks demand labour and attention, God from the first adapted the woman’s nature, I think, to the indoor and man’s to the outdoor tasks and cares.
To the woman, since he has made her body less capable of such endurance, I take it that God has assigned the indoor tasks.
Thus, to be woman it is more honourable to stay indoors than to abide in the fields, but to the man it is unseemly rather to stay indoors than to attend to the work outside.