Syllogism
“qiyās”
idea · 4 works · 6 mentions · 13 anchored passages
القياس · syllogism · the syllogism · the syllogisms · الاقيسة · SYLLOGISM · Syllogisms · al-aqyisah · al-muqāyasah · al-qiyās
spoken of as
1 expressionThe syllogism2 mentions
al-Saʻādah fī falsafat al-akhlāq (Arabic) · Kitāb mīzān al-ḥaqq fī al-manṭiq (Arabic)
He looked, and behold, the kinds of syllogisms and statements by which the rectification of an opinion is sought, and by which the reality of something sought is reached, whether with ourselves or with another, divide into three divisions:
in the texts
Kitāb mīzān al-ḥaqq fī al-manṭiq
The syllogism and its figures, the central instrument of the received logic and, when chained, the chief occasion of error
Yet all of them go back to a single spring and a single order, the inquiry in them turning upon utterances (alfāẓ) and their significations, definitions (ḥudūd) and their kinds, the forms of propositions (qaḍāyā) and the manner of their arrangement, their divisions and their branches, the figures of the syllogisms (ashkāl al-aqyisah) and their kinds and their various names, the conditions that mus …
So the scholars of logic hastened to gather what they found suitable for the guiding of the intellect and its schooling, in the way of rules, and to set out their arrangement and the manner of working by what they require, so that whoever is not secure against error in his disputations, his syllogisms, his inferences and his demonstrations might be saved by observing them — since he has need of th …
and the breast's coolness would come back with certainty, the soul inhabited by stillness, in no need of composing syllogism and demonstration or of compiling the arts of speech and exposition.
Mukhtaṣar fī ʻilm al-nafs al-insānīyah
Logical inferences, located physiologically in the brain's middle ventricle, which is called their mine and is said to need heat with balance lest truth be mixed with falsehood.
As for the mixture of the middle cavity, it must incline to heat, since it is the mine of the syllogisms, and these stand in need of swiftness of motion and of heat — but on condition of balance, for excess entails the mingling of the true with the false, and deficiency entails the absence of motion.
The Game of Logic
A logical argument consisting of two premisses from which a conclusion is drawn, involving three terms.
In such a case we call the given Propositions 'THE PREMISSES', the third one 'THE CONCLUSION' and the whole set 'A SYLLOGISM'.
We will work out one other Syllogism--a rather harder one than the last--and then, I think, you may be safely left to play the Game by yourself, or (better) with any friend whom you can find, that is able and willing to take a share in the sport.
And you have now worked out, successfully, your first 'SYLLOGISM'.
al-Saʻādah fī falsafat al-akhlāq
Inference, divided into five kinds by the proportion of truth to falsity in its premises, analysed into expressions and meanings, and made the principle of division for the whole logical corpus.
He looked, and behold, the kinds of syllogisms and statements by which the rectification of an opinion is sought, and by which the reality of something sought is reached, whether with ourselves or with another, divide into three divisions:
And his first purpose in it was the demonstrative syllogism, but division and ordering required what we have mentioned;
So for the first syllogism, the general one common to all five arts, he made a book which he named the Book of the Syllogism;