Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    Medieval · Arabic

    Mukhtaṣar fī ʻilm al-nafs al-insānīyah

    Bar Hebraeus

    A compendium on the human soul by the Syriac Orthodox maphrian, written in Arabic: the faculties, the senses, intellect, and the soul's relation to the body, set out in the Aristotelian vocabulary that Syriac and Arabic writers shared.

    Chapters
    25
    Variants
    50
    Genre
    Psychology
    Difficulty
    Advanced

    chapters

    25 chapters
    1. 01The Author's Introduction, and Chapter One: Establishing the Proof of the Existence of the Soulprose
    2. 02Chapter Two: On the Definition of the Soulprose
    3. 03Chapter Three: Showing That the Soul Is Neither a Body nor an Accidentprose
    4. 04Chapter Four: Refuting the Claim That the Soul Is the Cohesion of the Elements; and Chapter Five: On the Diversity of Human Soulsprose
    5. 05Chapter Six: Showing the Unity of Human Souls in Their Natureprose
    6. 06Chapter Seven: Showing the Difference Between Individual Human Beings by Way of the Three Faculties Proper to Human Individuals, Beginning with the Difference by Way of the Rational Facultyprose
    7. 07Chapter Eight: On the Causes of the Variation Affecting the Rational Faculty Found in the Human Speciesprose
    8. 08Chapter Nine: On the Meaning of the Irascible Facultyprose
    9. 09Chapter Ten: On the Meaning of the Concupiscible Faculty; and Chapter Eleven: Showing That There Is Only One Soul in a Single Human Beingprose
    10. 10Chapter Twelve: That the Principal Organ of the Soul Is the Heartprose
    11. 11Chapter Thirteen: Showing the Ranks of the Soul, and the Apprehension of the Sciences and Kinds of Knowledge Other Than Those Already Mentionedprose
    12. 12Chapter Fourteen: Showing the Properties of the Human Soulprose
    13. 13Chapter Fifteen: Establishing the Proof of the Need for the Words Used Among Peopleprose
    14. 14Chapter Sixteen: On the Proofs Uttered by the Sages Concerning the Relation of the Rational Soul to the Body and Its Parts, Being Five Analogiesprose
    15. 15Chapter Seventeen: Showing the Creation of the Soul, and That It Is Originated, Existing with the Existence of the Body, Neither Eternal nor Prior to the Bodyprose
    16. 16Chapter Eighteen: Setting Out the Views of the Adherents of Metempsychosisprose
    17. 17Chapter Nineteen: Refuting the Views of the Adherents of Metempsychosis in Their Entiretyprose
    18. 18Chapter Twenty: That the Souls of Animals Are Not Rationalprose
    19. 19Chapter Twenty-One: That the Soul Does Not Die with the Death of the Bodyprose
    20. 20Chapter Twenty-Two: Showing That the Soul Knows After Its Separation from the Body, in Four Aspectsprose
    21. 21Chapter Twenty-Three: Showing the Place of Souls After Their Separation from Their Bodiesprose
    22. 22Chapter Twenty-Four: Showing That the Spiritual Pleasures Attained by the Soul After Its Dissolution Are Greater Than Corporeal Pleasures and Bodily Desiresprose
    23. 23Chapter Twenty-Five: On Revelation and the Disclosure That Comes to Human Souls, and on Visions, Dreams and the Likeprose
    24. 24Chapter Twenty-Six: On Unveilings and Revelationsprose
    25. 25The Final Chapter of This Book: Showing the Disagreement of People Concerning the Aforementioned Miracle Worked Through the Aforementioned Personsprose

    in the atlas

    5 of 10 passages read

    Figures— 10 of 46

    Gregory · God · Paul · Matthew · Bar Hebraeus · David · Jacob · Jesus Christ · Luke · Abraham

    Ideas— 10 of 183

    The common sense · The rational soul · The soul · The separate intellects · Apprehension · Demonstration · Editorial emendation of the printed original · Human perfection · Innate heat · Intellect

    Places— 10

    Corinth · Paradise · Earth · Egypt · The abyss · The first abode of souls · The fourth clime · The higher world · The world of the separate intellects · Villages and cities

    Groups— 10 of 49

    Angels · Children · Christians · The Muslims · The prophets · the apostles · Camel-drivers · Corinthians · Devils · Dwellers in rough and desolate places

    Events— 10 of 20

    Battle · Christ's death in the body and warning of the souls in the abyss · Death · Expulsion of Adam from Paradise · The Flood · The Incarnation · The commissioning of Moses · The commissioning of Philip · The completion of the treatise · The death of Lazarus

    Objects— 10 of 50

    The Book of Psalms · The Gospel · The brain · Gospel of Matthew · The Book of Exodus · The Book of Genesis · The heart · The liver · the sun · Acts of the Apostles

    Animals— 10 of 15

    Animals · Birds · Horses · Ape · Birds and beasts of prey · Dog · Doves · Fat bulls · Hunting dogs · Lions

    88 citations · 75 themes · 494 entity mentions — every one anchored to a verbatim passage. The atlas.

    Names without a link are recorded but not yet paged.