Falsafa

Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    The Atlas · Quotations

    Muḥammad ʻAbduh

    quoted 8 times by 2 works · an author the library holds

    Most often carried — quoted as a source. The locus given for each is the passage in the quoting book; the harvest records no place inside what is quoted, and nothing here pretends to.

    3 quoted · 5 carried

    2 authority 3 neutral 1 refuted 2 endorsed

    in the voice of Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qāsimī 4 , Muhammad Rashid Rida 1 , Muhammad ʻAbduh 1 , the editor 1

    quoted by

    2 works

    1. in the voice of Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qāsimī

    2. Kitāb madhāhib al-Aʻrāb wa-falāsifat al-Islām fī al-jinn Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qāsimī 1 authority 2 neutral 2 endorsed 5 citations · 6 passages

      ch. 3 · ch. 5 4 · ch. 6

      Muḥammad ʻAbduh is cited last and with honorifics, which marks the citation as deferential rather than merely enumerative.

      (11) the Master, the Imām, Shaykh Muḥammad ʻAbduh.
      ch. 3

    3. in the voice of Muhammad Rashid Rida

    4. Risālat al-Wāridāt Muḥammad ʻAbduh 1 authority 1 neutral 1 refuted 3 citations

      introduction · ch. 2 · ch. 15

      The note is in the first person and signed by name, making it a direct utterance by the editor about the author's later position.

      [scan 8] «1» I know that he, may God Most High have mercy upon him, retracted many of these theories which he set down in this treatise, their falsity having become clear to him — among them everything built upon analogising knowledge of God Most High to knowledge of His creation, and His ways (*sunan*) to a part thereof.
      introduction
    the marks
    authority
    relied on as a source of legitimacy
    neutral
    identified or reported
    refuted
    argued against
    extended
    developed or continued
    endorsed
    agreed with
    roman
    the cited text is in the library and opens in the reader
    italic
    named by this text, not held by the library — the corpus's wanted list
    the passage in this text that does the citing
    7
    beside a chapter, the passages anchored there. A single citation can quote more than one passage, which is why a row carries two figures: the citations the harvest recorded, and the passages its chapters add up to.