Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    The Atlas·Ideas

    Lying

    idea · 4 works · 5 mentions · 7 anchored passages

    lying · الكذب · al-kadhib · a liar · be truthful · false · jest · kadhib · politics permits lying · the liar

    in the texts

    Kitāb mīzān al-ḥaqq fī al-manṭiq20th Century · Arabic

    Falsehood in speech, examined as a beneficial act that is still not true, and as the collective impossibility that grounds the authority of widely transmitted report.

    For lying to children may benefit them in restraining them from what harms them, although it is false;
    ch. 3 · printed page 29
    And as if a Scripturary were to fall captive into the hands of Magians and claim that he was a Magian and escape by his lie, we do not say that lying is beneficial.
    ch. 3 · printed page 29
    Only, the intellect needs, in assenting to that, the repetition of observation and the widely transmitted report (*al-khabar al-mutawātir*), which is a report about a sensible matter transmitted from a people so many in number that the intellect does not allow their agreeing upon a lie.
    ch. 3 · printed page 34

    Risālah fī ʻilm al-akhlāqMedieval · Arabic

    Kidhb and its opposite ṣidq, treated as a question of credit as much as of morals.

    ( the counsel (waṣīyah) of the Persians ) Be truthful, that you may be trusted in what you say;
    ch. 3 · printed page 51
    And beware of lying, for it comes of nothing but contemptibleness of soul, flimsiness of judgment, and ignorance of where its harm ends.
    ch. 3 · printed page 49
    the cause of trade is truthfulness;
    ch. 3 · printed page 39

    Kitāb al-Safīnah al-Nūḥīyah fī al-sakīnah al-rūḥīyahMedieval · Arabic

    Falsehood, analysed as always traceable to ignorance or to need, with even jesting falsehood explained as the repelling of the burden of tedium.

    the liar lies only when he does not know what he reports, or knows it and need carries him to conceal the truth.
    ch. 8 · printed page 37

    Adab al-wazīrMedieval · Arabic

    Kadhib, lying, analysed as a product of ignorance, a compound of falsity and delusion whose profit turns to harm, and condemned by prophetic, caliphal and Solomonic authority.

    And as seriousness and jest repel one another, so truthfulness (ṣidq) and lying (kadhib) repel one another:
    ch. 2 · printed page 29