The sources of Iliad

Each stands at a single passage. The chapter carries the anchors.

book 16 1 source

the Muses' song (epic inspiration)

The harvest records where a citation is made: the paragraph in the citing book, and the book that paragraph stands in. It does not record which page of this book is meant. Where the citing text names a locus, you will find it in the quotation.

1. Orations Dio Chrysostom 7 authority · 1 neutral · 2 refuted · 3 extended 13 citations · 67 passages

   oration 2 9 passages anchored here · oration 8 2 passages anchored here · oration 11 35 passages anchored here · oration 12 4 passages anchored here · oration 7 · oration 32 5 passages anchored here · oration 35 2 passages anchored here · oration 36 4 passages anchored here

   and 5 more chapters

   oration 55 · oration 56 · oration 57 · oration 71 · oration appendix1

   Homer's epic (largely Iliad material, e.g. the reaper simile, Nestor, Agamemnon's prayer, the bull simile) is invoked throughout as the supreme poetic and moral authority on kingship.

   But the poetry of Homer alone do I truly see to be noble, magnificent, and kingly, the poetry to which a man ought to give his mind—above all a man who is to rule over whatever men there may be anywhere, or, failing that, over the most numerous and most renowned;

2. The Rights of War and Peace Hugo Grotius 2 authority · 1 neutral 3 citations

   ch. 21 · ch. 32 · ch. 34

   Homer is named explicitly as the source of the illustrative episode.

   Thus in Homer, in the agreement between Paris and Menelaus, that Helen should be given up to the conqueror, when compared with what follows, it is evident that by the conqueror is meant the combatant, who killed the other.

3. Republic Plato 1 neutral · 1 refuted · 1 endorsed 3 citations · 8 passages

   book 3 8 passages anchored here

   Homer is repeatedly named as the source of quoted verses that the passage explicitly rejects, edits, or forbids ('we must expunge...', 'this we will affirm to be lies').

   And again the trailings of Hector’s body round the grave of Patroclus and the slaughter of the living captives upon his pyre, all these we will affirm to be lies, nor will we suffer our youth to believe that Achilles, the son of a goddess and of Peleus the most chaste of men, grandson of Zeus, and himself bred under the care of the most sage Cheiron, was of so perturbed a spirit as to be affected …

4. Against Timarchus Aeschines 2 authority 2 citations · 12 passages

   against timarchus 12 passages anchored here

   Invoked twice as an authoritative poetic source, first for Common Report's divinity and later (by the anticipated opposing speech) for the exemplary friendship of Achilles and Patroclus.

   But since you make mention of Achilles and Patroclus, and of Homer and the other poets—as though the jury were men innocent of education, while you are people of a superior sort, who feel yourselves quite beyond common folks in learning—that you may know that we too have before now heard and learned a little something, we shall say a word about this also.

5. Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle 2 authority 2 citations · 6 passages

   book 3 5 passages anchored here · book 5

   Homer's epic is repeatedly invoked as an authoritative poetic source of illustrative examples, without being argued against.

   This maybe illustrated by the ancient constitutions represented in Homer:

6. Protrepticus Clement of Alexandria 1 extended · 1 endorsed 2 citations · 3 passages

   protrepticus 3 passages anchored here

   Homer's epic lines are quoted approvingly across two paragraphs as unwitting evidence against the divinity and dignity of the gods.

   " And not Menander only, but Homer too and Euripides and many other poets convict your gods, and do not fear to revile them, even to no small degree.

7. Memorabilia Xenophon 2 authority 2 citations · 7 passages

   book 1 3 passages anchored here · book 3 4 passages anchored here

   The Homeric passage is explicitly quoted as a poetic authority both by the accuser and, in reinterpreted form, by Socrates' defenders.

   Again, his accuser said that he often quoted the passage from Homer, showing how Odysseus:

8. Letters Basil of Caesarea 1 neutral 1 citation

   letter 239

   Basil invokes Diomedes' saying to characterize the West's haughtiness.

   For to me it comes to mind to say the saying of Diomedes:

9. Tusculan Disputations Cicero, Marcus Tullius 1 authority 1 citation · 2 passages

   book 4 2 passages anchored here

   Homer is explicitly named twice as the source of the Ajax and Hector episode used as final proof.

   \" But without this gladiatorial irascibility we see Ajax in Homer advancing with much cheerfulness, when he was about to fight it out with Hector;

10. Stromata Clement of Alexandria 1 authority 1 citation

    book 3

    Named poet explicitly quoted on the transience of human generations.

    As is the generation of leaves, so too is that of men,

11. Ancient Law Henry Sumner Maine 1 authority 1 citation · 2 passages

    ch. 5 2 passages anchored here

    Homer's Iliad is explicitly cited as the authoritative textual source for early conceptions of law.

    ” “Themis,” it is well known, appears in the later Greek pantheon as the Goddess of Justice, but this is a modern and much developed idea, and it is in a very different sense that Themis is described in the Iliad as the assessor of Zeus.

12. The Histories Herodotus 1 endorsed 1 citation · 8 passages

    book 2 8 passages anchored here

    Herodotus cites and quotes the Iliad as reliable evidence that Homer knew of Alexandrus's detour through Egypt, endorsing the passage's testimony even while noting Homer chose not to use the fuller Egyptian story.

    This is apparent from the passage in the Iliad (and nowhere else does he return to the story) where he relates the wanderings of Alexander, and shows how he and Helen were carried off course, and wandered to, among other places, Sidon in Phoenicia.

13. Ansāb al-ʻArab al-qudamāʼ Jurjī Zaydān 1 endorsed 1 citation

    ch. 3

    The Iliad is cited as a positive model of how a legend-bearing text is properly handled.

    For what is in the Iliad of Homer of the reports of the gods and their legends did not hinder the scholars from sifting it and distinguishing within it between history, religion and legend.

14. Crito Plato 1 neutral 1 citation

    crito

    The line 'on the third day thou wouldst come to fertile Phthia' echoes a well-known Homeric verse, invoked as an authoritative poetic utterance within the dream

    I dreamed that a beautiful, fair woman, clothed in white raiment, came to me and called me and said, Socrates, on the third day thou wouldst come to fertile Phthia.

15. Symposium Plato 1 extended 1 citation · 3 passages

    symposium 3 passages anchored here

    Homer is named explicitly multiple times as a source both playfully reworked and relied upon as authoritative evidence.

    and without doubt what Homer calls a fury inspired by a god in certain heroes is the effect produced on lovers by Love’s peculiar power.

16. Letters to Lucilius Seneca, Lucius Annaeus 1 neutral 1 citation

    letter 104

    The line about Agamemnon, Priam, and Achilles is invoked as a poetic parallel, reported neutrally as illustration rather than argued for or against.

    You will marvel, I say, when you observe "the son of Atreus and Priam, and Achilles fierce against them both.

17. On Anger Seneca, Lucius Annaeus 1 neutral 1 citation

    book 1

    The passage explicitly identifies the line shouted by Caesar as 'that Homeric line,' invoking Homer as the source

    they will utter something you might think the mark of a great spirit, as did Gaius Caesar, who, angry at the heavens because a thunderstorm was drowning out the pantomimes—whom he imitated more zealously than he watched—and because his revelry was frightened by lightnings (very ill-aimed ones, at that), called Jupiter to battle, and that to the death, shouting out that Homeric line:

18. Characters Theophrastus 1 authority 1 citation

    characters

    The passage explicitly attributes a quoted political maxim to Homer's lines, used by the oligarchic man as authoritative support for his views.

    " Of the lines of Homer he holds fast to this one only, that "the rule of many is not good;

19. Law in a Free State Wordsworth Donisthorpe 1 neutral 1 citation

    chapter vi: marriage

    The Brisēis episode, drawn from Homer's Iliad, is invoked as a mythological example within the essay's survey of religion and custom.

    The gods of Olympus sided with the abducer of Brisēis;

20. Symposium Xenophon 1 authority 1 citation · 6 passages

    chapter 3 6 passages anchored here

    The Iliad is invoked as a prestigious work of education and interpretation.

    My father was anxious to see me develop into a good man, said Niceratus, and as a means to this end he compelled me to memorize all of Homer;