Falsafa

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    19th Century · English

    A Select Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts on Money

    John Ramsay McCulloch (ed.)

    A Select Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts on Money, by John Ramsay McCulloch (ed.) (1789–1864), a public-domain text from Liberty Fund's Online Library of Liberty.

    Chapters
    167
    Variants
    167
    Genre
    Economics
    Difficulty
    Advanced

    Chapters

    1. 01Preface. (1)prose
    2. 02To The Right Honourable HENRY Earl of Clarendon, Viscount Cornbury, and Baron Hide of Hindon; Lord Chamberlain to the Quprose
    3. 03Chap. I.prose
    4. 04Chap. II.: Of the Matter of Money.prose
    5. 05Chap. III.: Of the Forms of the Money anciently and now in use.prose
    6. 06Chap. IV.: Of the Proportions held between Gold and Silver, Antient and Modern.prose
    7. 07Chap. V.: Of the raising of the Price of Money both of Silver and Gold.prose
    8. 08Chap. VI.: Of Base Money.prose
    9. 09Chap. VII.: Of the Inconveniences in general grown in the matter of Money.prose
    10. 10Chap. VIII.: Of the low Price of our Silver.prose
    11. 11Chap. IX.: Of the Prohibition of Forrein Moneys, especially Spanish.prose
    12. 12Chap. X.: Of the unequal Coinage of our Moneys.prose
    13. 13Chap. XI.: Of the great increase of the Proportion between Gold and Silver, and the things valued by them; by which therprose
    14. 14Chap. XII.: Of the raising of the Price of Moneys by our Neighbours, and the defect of our not raising of our Moneys accprose
    15. 15Chap. XIII.: Of the Benefits which do grow unto the State by the raising of Moneys, and the Prejudices which do by not rprose
    16. 16Chap. XIV.: The benefits which do grow to the State by the not raising of Money, and the Prejudices which do grow by theprose
    17. 17Chap. XV.: Examinations of the Reasons for the raising of Money.prose
    18. 18Chap. XVI.: Examinations of the Reasons for the not raising of Money.prose
    19. 19Chap. XVII.: Of Contracting with forrein Nations by Ambassadors to keep their Moneys at a certain standard.prose
    20. 20Chap. XVIII.: Of the Ordaining of solid Payments.prose
    21. 21Chap. XIX.: Of equalizing the Exchange.prose
    22. 22Chap. XX.: Of Reducing Moneys to the Lowness of Ancient Values.prose
    23. 23Chap. XXI.: Of raising our Moneys according to the raising of our Neighbours.prose
    24. 24Chap. XXII.: Of introducing two different Species of Money.prose
    25. 25Chap. XXIII.: Of Coining of Moneys without Distinction of Weights.prose
    26. 26Lord Coke’s Account of Coin and Coining.prose
    27. 27A Speech touching the Alteration of Coin.prose
    28. 28The First Part. The Preamble.prose
    29. 29Questions to be proposed to the Merchants, Mint Masters, and Goldsmiths concerning the Alteration of the Silver-Monies.prose
    30. 30Certain General RULES collected concerning Money and Bullion out of the late Consultation at Court.prose
    31. 31Advice of his Majesty’s Council of Trade, concerning the Exportation of Gold and Silver in Foreign Coins and Bullion. (Cprose
    32. 32Reasons aud arguments for the Free Exportation of Gold and Silver in Foreign Coin and Bullion.prose
    33. 33Questions.prose
    34. 34To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of His Majesties Treasury.prose
    35. 35The Second General Head concerning the present State and Condition of the Gold and Silver Conis.prose
    36. 36The Third General Head Discusses this Question, Whether it be or be not absolutely Necessary at this time to Re-establisprose
    37. 37The Fourth General Head is to propose the Means that must be Obtained, and the proper Methods to be used in and for the prose
    38. 38Rule I.prose
    39. 39Rule II.prose
    40. 40Rule III.prose
    41. 41Rule IV.prose
    42. 42Rule VI.prose
    43. 43Rule VII.prose
    44. 44The Fifth General Head Considers what must Supply the Commerce, Pay Taxes, &c. whilst the Clipt Money is under its New Fprose
    45. 45Cap. 21.: Officium Militis Argentarii & Fusoris.prose
    46. 46Representation Firstprose
    47. 47Representation Second.prose
    48. 48Representation Third.prose
    49. 49Tables Illustrative of the Successive Changes in the Standard, IN THE WEIGHT OF THE COINS, AND IN THE Relative Values ofprose
    50. 50Observations on Coin in General, WITH Some Proposals for Regulating the Value of Coin in IRELAND.prose
    51. 51Of Coin.prose
    52. 52Rule I.: The Mint or Market Value of a given Weight of allayed or fine Gold, being divided by the Mint or Market Value oprose
    53. 53Rule II.: As the Weight of pure Gold in the Guinea, is to the Value of the Guinea in England, so is the Weight of pure Gprose
    54. 54Rule III.: As the Weight of fine Silver in the Shilling, is to its Value in England, so is the Weight of pure Silver in prose
    55. 55Exchange.prose
    56. 56First Scheme.prose
    57. 57Second Scheme.prose
    58. 58Third Scheme.prose
    59. 59Preface. (2)prose
    60. 60Part I.: The Theories of Commerce, Money, and Exchanges, I.: Of wealth, what, and wherein it consists.prose
    61. 61In wealthy countries, the value of the labour is much greater than that of the land.prose
    62. 62II.: Values of things, how estimated.prose
    63. 63Natural products, &c. subject to a greater variation in their value, than artificial.prose
    64. 64Things are the more valued, the farther they are from the place where they were first produced.prose
    65. 65III.: The price of labour, the chief standard that regulates the values of all things.prose
    66. 66Some estimate of the value of labour.prose
    67. 67Charitable contributions necessary.prose
    68. 68Mechanics earn more than labourers, &c.prose
    69. 69IV.: Of trade or commerce.prose
    70. 70Usefulness of distinct trades, farther illustrated.prose
    71. 71Usefulness of dealers.prose
    72. 72Usefulness of commerce farther exemplified.prose
    73. 73Of foreign commerce.prose
    74. 74V.: Of the comparative riches or wealth of nations.prose
    75. 75Of sumptuary laws.prose
    76. 76VI.: Industry the source of wealth, and good order that of industry: Public spirit the great fountain of national grandeprose
    77. 77I.: Of Barter.prose
    78. 78II.: Money, what, and whence it arose.prose
    79. 79How money differs from other measures, and also from commodities.prose
    80. 80Of some requisite properties in the material of money.prose
    81. 81Metals, the fittest materials of money.prose
    82. 82Base metals not fit materials of money.prose
    83. 83III.: Fine silver and fine gold, of equal goodness every where.prose
    84. 84Names of coins, and of integral sums of money, taken chiefly from weights.prose
    85. 85Of our present weights, and divisions of money.prose
    86. 86That coins in all or most countries have, at different times, been debased; but the same denominations still continued.prose
    87. 87VI.: Standard of monies.prose
    88. 88The standard of money farther explained.prose
    89. 89Why coins and plate have alloy.prose
    90. 90VII.: There can be but one standard of money.prose
    91. 91Silver the money or standard measure of the greatest part, if not of all Europe.prose
    92. 92VIII.: Silver the fittest material, hitherto known for money.prose
    93. 93Silver a fit standard, though its plenty varies.prose
    94. 94IX.: Gold coins should pass as money.prose
    95. 95X.: Of TOKENS, or base coins.prose
    96. 96XI.: Money finds its own value, according to the whole quantity of it in circulation.prose
    97. 97XII.: Laws cannot regulate or alter the value of money.prose
    98. 98Value of bullion not according to the prime cost at the mines.prose
    99. 99XIII.: Money alters its value by slow degrees.prose
    100. 100Why the effect of an increase of money, is not more sensibly felt.prose
    101. 101Why the prices of commodities, have not rose in proportion to the increase of money.prose
    102. 102XIV.: A nation having no foreign commerce, will not stand in need of any specific quantity of money.prose
    103. 103XV.: Any sudden fluctuation of money, would be pernicious.prose
    104. 104XVI.: Ballance of trade, what.prose
    105. 105XVII.: The quantity of money every where, will naturally find a certain level or proportion.prose
    106. 106XVIII.: Any artificial methods of increasing tale-money, pernicious.prose
    107. 107Hoarding the precious metals, beneficial.prose
    108. 108XIX.: Of Banks.prose
    109. 109Banks instituted to prevent the abuses from bad coins, and from adulterations in the standards of monies.prose
    110. 110Complaints of the want of money, whence.prose
    111. 111I.: Bills of exchange, what.prose
    112. 112Foreign exchanges further explained.prose
    113. 113II.: Par of exchange, what.prose
    114. 114III.: The true par of the exchange between different countries, difficult to be ascertained.prose
    115. 115IV.: Course of exchange, what.prose
    116. 116V.: Price of bullion, how influenced.prose
    117. 117VI.: National interest, how influenced by the course of exchange.prose
    118. 118VII.: The course of exchange influenced by various causes.prose
    119. 119VIII.: Bullion is not exported till the exchange is at a certain limit from par.prose
    120. 120To the Right Honourable Henry Bilson Legge, One of the Lords of the Treasury, Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of the Exchprose
    121. 121The Preface.prose
    122. 122Part II, Chapter I.: A summary account of all the alterations that have been made in our standard of money, from the Norprose
    123. 123Observations on the foregoing Table.prose
    124. 12410. The several ways by which the standard of money might be debased.prose
    125. 125Chapter II.: The established standard of money should not be violated or altered, under any pretence whatsoever.prose
    126. 126I.: Standards of all sorts of measures, necessary; and in the establishment of these, it is indifferent what are the speprose
    127. 127II.: Established standards should be inviolably kept, and more especially that of money.prose
    128. 128Why our laws are not more explicit in specifying the quantities of silver that ought to be contained in given sums of moprose
    129. 12915. Trade requires an indelible standard of money, and will bear no part of the loss by an adulteration of the coins.prose
    130. 130Debasing the standard of money, would prove very injurious to the government.prose
    131. 131Debasing the standard of money would invalidate all preceding contrasts; and yet, by its affecting credit, might prove iprose
    132. 132By debasing the standard of money, the greatest loss would fall upon those who live on their own established properties.prose
    133. 133Some of the evils above enumerated, might and ought to be provided against; but many of them would remain irremediable, prose
    134. 134Debasing the standard of money, will occasion culling, and transporting of the old coins at an undervalue.prose
    135. 135IV.: Causes of debasing the standard of money, enquired into.prose
    136. 136V.: The various pretences for debasing the standard of money, stated.prose
    137. 137VI.: Why coin and bullion of the same metal and fineness, are not always of the same value, or will not exchange in equaprose
    138. 138Bullion can never be lower, but may frequently be higher, than mint price.prose
    139. 139VII.: If gold and silver coins are not rated in due proportion to each other, as they are at a medium in the neighbourinprose
    140. 140VIII.: Difference betwixt money and mere bullion, farther illustrated.prose
    141. 141IX.: Coinages should in no wise be forced.prose
    142. 142Purchasing bullion at an advanced rate for coining, a very weak and insignificant measure.prose
    143. 143X.: Curtailing the standard will not lenghten out the coin: but, on the contrary, will occasion a greater scarcity in coprose
    144. 144XI.: Debasing the standard, would not prevent coins from being melted, or exported.prose
    145. 145XII.: Foreign states debasing their coins, is not a reason for the debasing of ours.prose
    146. 146XIII.: The lightness of our coins, not a reason for altering the standard.prose
    147. 147The effects of diminishing coins by law, and what they suffer in private hands, very different. Currency by tale, regardprose
    148. 148XIV.: Any infringement of the standard of money, however small, would be proportionably injurious.prose
    149. 149XV.: All the species of coins made of the same metal, should be rated in a just proportion to each other.prose
    150. 150XVI.: Silver only, and not gold, is the standard of our money; and not the less so, because gold coins have a fixed rateprose
    151. 151XVII.: Gold being made the standard by merchants, doth not make gold to be the national standard.prose
    152. 152XVIII.: Lowering the price of gold would be of no loss to the nation; and the lowering it directly, by lessening its ratprose
    153. 153XIX.: The nation being in debt to foreigners, is not a reason for altering the standard.prose
    154. 154Former transactions have no relation to the present value of money.prose
    155. 155XX.: Of debasing, or raising the nominal values of, coins in general.prose
    156. 156XXI.: The several species of coins made of the same metal, should be all of the same fineness.prose
    157. 157Postscript. Of Standard Measures.prose
    158. 158The Bookseller to the Reader.prose
    159. 159Reflections on Coin in General, &c.prose
    160. 160Introduction.prose
    161. 161§ 1.: Of the Attic Drachm.prose
    162. 162§ II.: Of the Eginean and Euboïc Talents.prose
    163. 163§ III.: Of the Roman Money.prose
    164. 164§ 4.: Of the value of Gold in Greece and Rome.prose
    165. 165§ V.: Of the value of the ancient Greek and Roman money.prose
    166. 166Conclusion.prose
    167. 167Tables Showing the Denominations of the Principal Greek and Roman Coins, and Their Values in Sterling Money,prose