The sources of Risālat al-Wāridāt

1. Muḥammad ʻAbduh 4 authority 4 citations · 3 passages

   conclusion 2 passages anchored here · ch. 15

   Riḍā appeals to this named book to settle what ʻAbduh believed, using it as the legitimating text against the Wāridāt.

   and it was for this reason that he had that work printed and taught it as a lesson at al-Azhar, and no other.

2. The Qur'an the Qur'an 4 authority 4 citations · 17 passages

   ch. 2 · ch. 3 · ch. 4 · ch. 7 2 passages anchored here · ch. 8 · ch. 10 3 passages anchored here · the muhammadan creed 2 passages anchored here · ch. 14

   and 2 more chapters

   ch. 15 4 passages anchored here · the supreme imamate

   The Arabic marks these phrases as quotations by parenthesis and by their unmistakable Qur'anic wording, and each is placed where an argumentative conclusion needs scriptural warrant rather than further proof.

   And the messengers whom we are obliged to know by their names are those mentioned in the verse, “And that was Our argument, which We gave to Ibrāhīm,” and so forth (2), together with seven:

3. The Sunnah Muhammad 1 authority · 1 endorsed 2 citations · 4 passages

   conclusion · ch. 14 · ch. 15 · the supreme imamate

   The Sunnah is named as a source of hidāyah in a sentence designed to correct the whole book's method, which makes it a cited authority rather than a passing word.

   those allusions have fallen away, those expressions have come to nothing, and nothing has profited us in this matter save the guidance of the Sunnah and the Qurʼān;

Each stands at a single passage. The chapter carries the anchors.

introduction 4 sources

Al-Afghani's oral teaching of 1290 · Kalam theology · Rashid Rida's editorial note on the retraction · The Sufi doctrine of the unity of existence

ch. 2 2 sources

The printed edition's textual note on yalbath · The school definitions of the contingent

ch. 3 3 sources

The doctrine of indwelling · The philosophers' tradition · The saying of the first commanders on seeing God in all things

ch. 5 1 source

The doctrine of divine knowledge by the impression of forms

ch. 6 8 sources

Rashid Rida's note on likening divine to human knowledge · Sufi metaphysics of self-disclosure and the modes of the Real · The Ash'ari doctrine that God knows particulars · The Sufi doctrine of the pre-eternal presence of all particulars · The astronomer's prediction of an eclipse · The philosophers' doctrine that God knows particulars universally · The printed edition's textual notes · al-Muhakamat

ch. 7 2 sources

The doctrine of cognitive and witnessed existence · The doctrine that divine knowledge is eternal and its relation originated

ch. 9 5 sources

The modern doctrine of the electric fluid · The primary propositions on the impossibility of a leap · The prophetic saying that the Intellect was the first created thing · The report of the Prophet's vision of the angel filling the horizon · The teaching received from the Presence of the divine Sage

ch. 10 3 sources

The argument of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani against the naturalists · The doctrine of prime matter · The language of Sufism on prophethood and messengership

ch. 11 5 sources

Hadith on the reward no eye has seen · The doctrine of the Sufis on annihilation and the graded afterlife · The doctrine of the philosophers on the separated soul · The doctrine that the soul never ceases to govern a human body · The doctrine that the soul returns through plant life once its habitus is exhausted

conclusion 3 sources

The creed of the Ash'ari theologians · The creed of the forebears · The saying of al-Junayd in the dream

the muhammadan creed 8 sources

The Ash'ari doctrine of creation at the causes · The consensus of the community · The denial of the existence of existents · The division of rational judgement into three classes · The doctrine of the eternity of matter · The doctrine of the righteous forebears · The doctrines of the Mu'tazilah · The doctrines of the philosophers

ch. 14 2 sources

The position of the majority of the theologians on the revealed attributes · al-Manar

ch. 15 3 sources

The doctrine of the Jabriyyah on human acts · The doctrine of the Shi'ah on inerrancy and the imamate · The position of the later authorities on prophetic inerrancy

the supreme imamate 4 sources

The Torah, the Gospel, the Psalter and the scrolls of Abraham · The claims of the soothsayers to knowledge of the unseen · The doctrine of the unity of being · The interpretive doctrine of the Batiniyyah