al-Ghazālī

And what has come down in the ḥadīth, his saying, God bless him and grant him peace, 'God created Adam upon His form' — where what is meant by 'form' is the form that reduces to attribute, as one says 'the form of the question is such-and-such,' according to what the Imām, the Proof of Islam (Ḥujjat al-Islām), and other eminent imāms have verified — is built solely upon what we have indicated, nam …

(The sixth) that, of the aforementioned determinations of existence, if they are in a degree in which the attribution of existence to them yields nothing — in that it yields no existential multiplicity but only intellectual multiplicity — then that determination is sometimes called the thingness of fixity (shayʼīyat al-thubūt), and that degree is the presence (ḥaḍrah) of the meanings, the names an …

And it is a curious thing that when al-Muwaffaq al-Maqdisī composed Rawḍat al-nāẓir on the principles of jurisprudence, and abridged within it the whole of al-Ghazzālī's al-Mustaṣfá and followed its arrangement and its wording — as appears from an examination of the two books — he summarised its logical introduction and made it the introduction to his own book, and copies of the Rawḍah circulated in that form.

And since the principles of Greek philosophy and its sisters comprised foundations of paganism which contradict the principles of the Islamic religion, whose foundation is the profession of unity, a people appeared who framed rational principles in accord with the Islamic principles, and undertook the demolition of whatever in those views contradicted the rules of the Islamic law — and these are t …

And when the affair of the free thinkers appalled him, he wrote in defence of the Islamic religion his three works:

The Imām al-Ghazzālī named it the Criterion of Knowledge (*Miʻyār al-ʻilm*) and said, (whoever has no acquaintance with it, there is no trusting his knowledge).