rūḥ

but it is better to restrict "spirit" to that which has no need of a bodily instrument, so that the spirit is higher than the soul — and it is that to which the philosophers give the name intellect (ʿaql).

The difference between the soul and the spirit is that the spirit performs its act without depending upon a bodily instrument, whereas the soul does not work except by instruments.

Animals share in these spirits, and the physicians did not affirm a further spirit for man, because their aim was to set out that to which health and sickness attach;

and if the soul has an innate orientation toward passing from this world over to the world of the hereafter, and an essential, substantial motion toward nearness to God, exalted be He, toward entry into the world of spirits and toward being veiled from the abode of darknesses and the corporeal veils — for embodiment is the very veil, and darkness, and ignorance — then what is the cause of souls' a …

Perhaps in our repeating the word spirit (rūḥ), and in our calling for its purification and for giving it precedence over its corpse, there is something to rouse you to know it and to grasp its reality.

Rather the spirit is in truth a singular reality and a luminous point whose mode is too exalted for the mode of these changing, mutually differing modes, some of which are substances and some accidents;

And darkness over the abyss, and the Spirit of God was borne over the waters — as though these too, being confused substances, portended arguments of that massy lump.

He who makes firm the thunder and founds the Spirit, and announces to men his Christ — showing that Spirit to have been founded which was reckoned among the things founded on earth, which was borne over the waters, the poiser and inbreather and animator of the universe — not, as some suppose, signifying God himself as that Spirit, because God is Spirit;

For if the waters are over the earth, which had covered it, but the Spirit over the waters, then equally both the Spirit and the waters are over the earth.

But the form of courage that is inspired by spirit seems to be the most natural, and when reinforced by deliberate choice and purpose it appears to be true Courage.

Thus the real motive of courageous men is the nobility of courage, although spirit operates in them as well;

But the Creator, exalted be He, composed the organs out of the earthy and the heavenly (3) parts, and created the spirits out of the airy and the fiery;

and this soul is bound to the spirit that is in the heart, since it is sentient and moves by will.

parts He placed them at the centre of the aforementioned organs.

⟩ that its cure is by setting the noble, good, upper spirits over against those evil, wicked spirits, so that they repel ⟨.

and were the covering lifted, you would see most human souls seized along with these wicked spirits, in their captivity and their grasp, driving them wherever they will, and unable to refuse them or to oppose them.

The angels and the satans, then, are spirits that join themselves to the spirits of men.

[35] (2) And the like of that may be claimed of life, and indeed of the spirit, and it may be claimed that it refuses the delimiting pointing.

the spirit is of the affair of my Lord, and you have not been given of knowledge save a little.