The sources of Risālat baqāʼ al-nafs baʻda fanāʼ al-jasad

1. Aristotle 1 authority · 3 neutral · 2 refuted 6 citations · 15 passages

   ch. 2 9 passages anchored here · ch. 3 · ch. 4 · as for the rational soul · ch. 6 3 passages anchored here

   Two headings announce Aristotle's madhhab by name, his positions are set out in detail, and the theologians are said to hold the soul's relation to the body as he holds it.

   while for Aristotle, although it is not material, the existence of the body is a condition for the overflowing of the soul to it from the Originator, exalted be He — so that upon his view the soul is not existent before the body.

2. Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī 1 authority · 2 neutral 3 citations · 6 passages

   ch. 3 3 passages anchored here · ch. 6 3 passages anchored here

   The proof is expressly attributed to al-Tusi and reported in full, and the immediately following paragraph registers its conflict with a modern rule rather than endorsing it.

   and it is that bodies and matter are never disjoined from particulars whose origination the self-evident has decreed, and whatever is of this description must be originated.

3. Blaise Pascal 2 endorsed 2 citations · 3 passages

   ch. 4 3 passages anchored here

   The book is named and quoted in the chain of theistic testimonies, and the footnote returns to it and to another of his sayings.

   our conceiving goes astray at that idea, and that is the greatest sign indicating God's power over all things (2).

4. Plato 2 neutral 2 citations · 5 passages

   ch. 2 · ch. 3 · ch. 6 3 passages anchored here

   Plato's madhhab is named and summarised as a doctrine, and later invoked as the authority the Islamic philosophers follow on matter.

   And the existence of the bodily temperament (*mizāj*) is only a condition of the soul's emanating from its Originator, so that it may govern the body — on the doctrine of “Aristotle” — and of its attachment to it, if it was existent before the body, and that is on the doctrine of “Plato.

5. Risālat baqāʼ al-nafs baʻda fanāʼ al-jasad Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī 2 extended 2 citations · 13 passages

   as for the rational soul · ch. 6 12 passages anchored here

   The paragraph cites what al-Ṭūsī said in his risālah and proposes to develop and clarify it with modern material, which is extension rather than bare report or refutation.

   ”) And when the philosopher had laid down these premises, he set about mentioning the demonstrations which are the extent of the knowledge of the philosophers and the men of learning in the question of the soul's immateriality — and which, as we set forth before, are nothing but the disclosure of the truth from the appearance of its proper effects.

6. The Qur'an God 2 authority 2 citations · 4 passages

   ch. 3 3 passages anchored here · ch. 6

   Scripture is repeatedly named as kitab Allah al-majid, quoted in three distinct verses, and treated by every party as the decisive authority.

   and the door of allegorical interpretation (*taʼwīl*) of the glorious Book of God was thrown open at the beginning of the scholarly movement, each buttressing his own view by it — and the Book of God is innocent of any accord with false views and corrupt principles.

7. The doctrine of spontaneous generation Henry Charlton Bastian 2 neutral 2 citations · 1 passage

   as for the rational soul

   The Arabic names al-duktūr Bāstiyān as an authority for al-tawallud al-dhātī, reporting the position without approving or attacking it in this paragraph.

   The third of them is the view of those who hold spontaneous generation (*al-tawallud al-dhātī*), and of this view are Dr.

8. Baruch Spinoza 1 neutral 1 citation

   ch. 4

   Spinoza's conception is named as the content of the quoted claim without the author of the passage taking a position on it.

   And he says in another article of his that whoever denies the existence of God as Spinoza conceived Him is a fool;

9. Galileo Galilei 1 endorsed 1 citation · 2 passages

   ch. 4 2 passages anchored here

   The discovery is treated as established truth and the footnote's praise of his volume makes the author's approval explicit.

   and it had a mighty dominion over their souls until Galileo discovered, in the year 1609 (1), the rotation of the earth and laid down the new system in astronomy.

10. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1 neutral 1 citation

    as for the rational soul

    The note identifies a named philosophical authority without taking any stance on his doctrine.

    [23] (1) (Hegel), a celebrated German philosopher and researcher, born in the year 1770 — 1831

11. John Locke 1 neutral 1 citation

    ch. 3

    Author, dates and title are given and his view reported without endorsement or rejection.

    [14] (5) Prime matter, for Locke — the philosopher, author of the book *An Inquiry into the Human Understanding*, born in the year 1632 and died in the year 1704 — is necessary and inseparable.

12. Novum Organum Francis Bacon 1 endorsed 1 citation · 2 passages

    ch. 4 2 passages anchored here

    The method is adopted as the criterion of what survives in philosophy, and the footnote credits the named book with rescuing philosophy, which is endorsement.

    He was born in London « Londres », and he rescued philosophy from collapse by writing a volume which he named « Novum Arganum ».

13. Plutarch 1 neutral 1 citation

    ch. 2

    The work is named by title and its author credited with an explicit ascription, which the passage reports without judging.

    Plutarch (Fluṭarkhus), in his treatise on *Natural Opinions* (*al-Ārāʼ al-Ṭabīʻīyah*), ascribed to him that Plato says that bodies were in the beginning in motion, a motion not ordered, and that the God arranged them in order, since order is better than the absence of order.

Each stands at a single passage. The chapter carries the anchors.

introduction 3 sources

Athar al-Shi'ah al-Imamiyah · Fawat al-Wafayat · Kanj Danish

ch. 2 10 sources

Anaximander's work on the Infinite · Ibn Rushd's commentary on the philosophy of Aristotle · Ibn Sina's treatise on the soul · The doctrine of Anaximander on the limitless and on the origin of animals · The doctrine of Archelaus on the principle of the world · The doctrine of Democritus on the minute particles and the soul · The doctrine of Empedocles on the aether and the elements · The doctrine of Epicurus on the principles of things and on the soul · The doctrine of growth and ascent · Verses of Ahmad Shawqi on the soul

ch. 3 12 sources

Ibn Rushd's argument from the outward sense of the Law · Ibn Sina's demonstration for prime matter · Ibn Sina's ode on the soul · Ihya' al-Ulum · Lavoisier's rule on matter · Maqasid al-Falasifah · Tahafut al-Falasifah · The doctrine of the philosophers of Islam on matter and spirit · The doctrine of the theologians of Islam · The hadith that God was and there was nothing with Him · The writings of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi · The writings of al-Hilli on jurisprudence, theology, logic and astronomy

ch. 4 19 sources

A saying of Victor Hugo on death · Darwiniana · Harvey's testimony from dissection · Huxley's article on the denial of God · Ibn Rushd's exposition of Aristotle's philosophy · Jawami al-kalim · Joly's inference from the world of insects · Lavoisier's rule that nothing is created and nothing annihilated · Le Bon's doctrine of the force latent in the atoms · Malebranche's division of beings into four kinds · Newton's four letters against the materialists · Pasteur's statement on the knowledge of God · Richter's view on the germs that fill the void · Sirr tatawwur al-umam · The Curies' discovery of radium · The French proverb of the Breton peasant · The consensus of the natural scientists on matter and force · The views of the materialists · The views of the theologians on force and matter

as for the rational soul 12 sources

Averroes's commentary on the philosophy of Aristotle · Biographical notice of Jean Paul · Broca's discovery of the cerebral centre of speech · Renan's study of the philosophy and life of Averroes · The charge that Averroes held a philosophy contrary to Islam · The compositions of Ibn Sīnā · The doctrine of Ibn Rushd on memory · The doctrine of the ancients and the philosophers of Islam on memory · The doctrine of the materialists on the soul and intellect · The doctrine of the sages of Islam and the philosophers of the Greeks on the external senses · The doctrine of the spiritualists on the rational soul · The science of psychology and physiology

ch. 6 8 sources

Marginal glosses on the delimiting pointing · Spiritual philosophy · The discourse of the men of learning on the soul · The findings of the verifying sages on the survival of the soul · The materialist doctrine that the soul is the interplay of physical forces · The modern theory of force and matter · The objection that consciousness is a peculiarity of matter · The opinion of the ancients on the seat of the sensory faculty

The harvest records where a citation is made: the paragraph in the citing book, and the chapter that paragraph stands in. It does not record which page of this book is meant. Where the citing text names a locus, you will find it in the quotation.

1. Risālat baqāʼ al-nafs baʻda fanāʼ al-jasad Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī 2 extended 2 citations · 13 passages

   as for the rational soul · ch. 6 12 passages anchored here

   The paragraph cites what al-Ṭūsī said in his risālah and proposes to develop and clarify it with modern material, which is extension rather than bare report or refutation.

   That the philosopher Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī mentioned, in the course of his treatise, certain effects of the external and internal senses, and that he pointed to the imprinting of forms in the brain, has called upon us to mention something of the composition of the brain and the operations of its vesicles (*ḥuwayṣilāt*) according to what the men of learning of this age have established, resting upon …