Aristotle

And this is Aristotle’s meaning, when he says, that some things are no sooner named, than we discover their evil nature.

The best division of right, in this general meaning, is to be found in Aristotle, who, defining one kind to be natural, and the other voluntary, calls it a lawful right in the strictest sense of the word law;

Aristotle, taking a description of man from his peculiar qualities, makes him an animal of a gentle nature, and in another part of his works, he observes, that in considering the nature of man, we are to take our likeness from nature in its pure, and not in its corrupt state.

Aristotle, having philosophized under Plato, passed over to the Lyceum and founded the Peripatetic school.

Plato outright called sophistic a "base art," and Aristotle, following him, declares it a kind of thievery, inasmuch as it plausibly filches the whole work of wisdom and professes a wisdom it has not practised.

Now the "Know yourself" some have supposed to be Chilon's, but Chamaeleon, in his work On the Gods, ascribes it to Thales, and Aristotle to the Pythia.

But just as Aristotle, a man of the highest genius, knowledge, and copiousness, when he was moved by the renown of the rhetorician Isocrates, began to teach young men to speak as well, and to join prudence with eloquence, so it is my resolve neither to lay aside my former zeal for speaking, and at the same time to occupy myself with this greater and richer art.

Aristotle — far excelling all others, save that I always except Plato, both in genius and in diligence — when he had embraced those four familiar kinds of first principles from which all things arise, holds that there is a certain fifth nature, from which mind comes.

But let him, learned as he indeed is, yield these matters to his master Aristotle, and teach singing himself;

And yet, if I were to translate Plato or Aristotle plainly, in the way our poets translated the plays, I should, I believe, deserve ill of my fellow citizens by importing those divine geniuses into our knowledge.

Again — does Theophrastus give us only middling pleasure when he treats topics treated before him by Aristotle?

But I suppose that you, like our Triarius, take less pleasure in him because he neglected those ornaments of style proper to Plato, Aristotle, and Theophrastus.

And Aristotle, in the third book of his Philosophy, throws much into confusion, dissenting from his master Plato;

Aristotle teaches that the poet Orpheus never existed, and the Pythagoreans say that this Orphic poem was the work of a certain Cercon;

As for Phaedrus, nothing was more elegant, nothing more humane, yet the old man was vexed if I said anything too harsh — while Epicurus assailed Aristotle most insultingly, spoke most foully of Phaedo the disciple of Socrates, cut to pieces in whole volumes Timocrates, the brother of his comrade Metrodorus, because he disagreed on some point of philosophy, was ungrateful to Democritus himself, who …

Hearing this, Philip was pleased and said, "Not in vain, Alexander, do we hold Aristotle in such high esteem, and granted him the rebuilding of his native city, Stageira, which is in the territory of Olynthus.

nor, again, have I obtained a meaner education under Aristotle than he did under Phoenix son of Amyntor, a man who was an exile and at variance with his father.

And Philip, who is held to have been the most formidable of kings, brought in Aristotle as teacher and ruler for his son Alexander, on the ground that he himself was not competent to teach the kingly science;

Et hoc, sicut post dominiorum distinctionem continuo necessarium fuit, ita originem videri potest antiquiorem habuisse.

Idem Aristoteles τὴν ἐμποριϰήν dividit in ναυϰληρίαν et φορτηγίαν quarum haec terrestri itinere, illa maritimo merces devehit.

Aristoteles:

Then Aristotle affirms an intellectual substance separate from bodies, which stands to human souls in the standing of light to sight;

But there overflowed to those spheres, from the hidden governing power, a motion by which the first body was moved, that is, the highest sphere;

and the first defines it, as Ibn Sīnā the philosopher set out in his treatise on the soul, as a first perfection for a natural instrumental body.

But no one ever poured honeyed water out of an eloquence of Plato into a soul in doubt at its departure, nor stuffed it with the crumbs of Aristotle's hair-splitting talk.

Let him summon up some Eubulus and Critolaus and Xenocrates, and in this place Aristotle the friend of Plato.

For so it is that the account of the soul too has been adulterated by the philosophized doctrines of men, who mix water with the wine.

Plato and Aristotle and the whole throng of sages destined to go their separate ways drew more from Socrates' character than from his words.

Man is a species, as Aristotle says;

This crowd of causes set down by Aristotle and Plato comprehends either too many or too few.

Arisṭū and those who followed him held that this endures so long as one keeps to the use of the means, which are the virtues confined between the extremes.

And if you must occupy yourself with some pleasure, let it be conversation with the learned and the study of the books of wisdom, for that gathers for you delight and the completeness of happiness, while its opposite gathers for you immediate disgrace and a grievous outcome.

For your shrewdness has surely perceived this, that even among the philosophers outside the faith, those who composed dialogues — Aristotle and Theophrastus — laid hold at once of the matters themselves, because they were conscious of their own lack of Platonic graces.

"Father, you did not teach me this — Homer, that man, no, nor Plato, nor Aristotle, nor Susarion, who knew all things.

nor will he any more approve that it is now light than, since he is a Stoic, that this world is wise, that it has a mind which has fashioned both itself and the world and moderates, moves, rules all things;

'There answers me not Aristotle or Theophrastus, not even Xenocrates or Polemo, but these lesser men, that a truth is of such a kind as a falsehood could not be.

" Aristotle or Xenocrates, whom Antiochus wished to follow, would not have doubted that both that man was praetor and that Rome was a city and that a state dwelt in it;

Yes, and as for Apollo, Aristotle reckons the first the son of Hephaestus and Athena — here, then, Athena is no longer a virgin;

and the father of the school, not understanding the Father of all things, thinks that the one called "Supreme" is the soul of the universe;

The remains of the Orators and the forensic commonplaces preserved by Aristotle in his Treatise on Rhetoric, show that questions of pure law were constantly argued on every consideration which could possibly influence the mind of the judges.

The source of the phraseology which has been always employed for metaphysical discussion in modern times was the Latin translations of Aristotle, in which, whether derived or not from Arabic versions, the plan of the translator was not to seek for analogous expressions in any part of Latin literature, but to construct anew from Latin roots a set of phrases equal to the expression of Greek philosophical ideas.

Moral theology, developed by the juridical method of doctor commenting on doctor, provided itself with a phraseology of its own, and Aristotelian peculiarities of reasoning and expression, imbibed doubtless in great part from the Disputations on Morals in the academical schools, take the place of that special turn of thought and speech which can never be mistaken by any person conversant with the Roman law.

It is well known among the authors of the Arabs that the founder of the science of logic and its originator was Arisṭaṭālis;

And as in your saying, Arisṭū died in such a year, and the price of bread with us is two piastres:

Aristotle says that certain passions, if a man uses them well, serve as arms.

"Anger," says Aristotle, "is necessary, and nothing can be carried by storm without it, unless it fills the mind and kindles the spirit;

The definition of Aristotle is not far from our own;

Aristotle records that Theseus, having gone to Scyros on a reconnaissance—reasonably, because of his kinship with Aegeus—died, thrust down from the rocks, Lycomedes who was reigning there having taken fright .

Aristotle says that, the whole multitude at Athens being divided into farmers and craftsmen, their tribes were four, and of each of the tribes there were three parts, which they call thirds and brotherhoods, and of each of these there were thirty clans, and each clan was composed of thirty men.

And each of these was composed of thirty clans, and each clan had thirty men, those arranged into the clans, who were called clansmen, from whom the priesthoods belonging to each were allotted—for instance the Eumolpidae and the Heralds and the Eteobutadae—as Aristotle records in the Constitution of the Athenians, saying thus:

But Arisṭūṭālīs and his followers and the whole body of the Christians claimed that the soul is neither a body nor an accident;

that, Arisṭūṭālīs and the Christians and the Muslims acknowledge (1) this, and the return of bodies to their souls

“The souls of mankind are one and all a single nature, and there is no difference among them save by the accidents, the pleasures, and the qualities of the mixtures

For when Plato had left his sister's son Speusippus as, so to speak, the heir of his philosophy, but had also left two men of the most outstanding zeal and learning, Xenocrates of Chalcedon and Aristotle of Stagira, those who were with Aristotle were called Peripatetics, because they disputed while walking about in the Lyceum, whereas the others, because by Plato's institution they were accustomed …

Or is it because Ennius, Pacuvius, Accius, and many others give delight, men who expressed not the words but the force of the Greek poets—how much more will the philosophers delight us, if, as those poets imitated Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, so these were to imitate Plato, Aristotle, and Theophrastus!

Aristotle, then, was the first to shake those forms of which I spoke a little before, which Plato had wonderfully embraced, so far as to say that there was something divine in them.

And to me, indeed, it seems that, since there had been two opinions among the philosophers of old—one of those who held that all things come to pass by fate in such a way that this fate brings the force of necessity (in which opinion were Democritus, Heraclitus, Empedocles, and Aristotle), the other of those to whom it seemed that the voluntary motions of the mind are without any fate—Chrysippus, …

Aristotle and the writers who have followed him suppose that the larger groups of men discernible in the twilight of history have somehow grown out of isolated families like that of the Homeric Cyclops.

The Patriarchal theory, during the dark ages, would have shared the fate of much else in Greek speculation if it had not been kept alive by its correspondence with the Scriptural account of the Hebrew Patriarchs.

680) and Aristotle (‘Politics,’ i.

So Arisṭū composed on each division among these divisions of these things a book, and his books comprehended all that has been set down in it, of sense and of intellect, and nothing escaped him.

And if a man confines himself to the four books, that suffices him for the learning of wisdom and the reading of the books after them, which are the books we have enumerated and whose division by the sage we have expounded.

As for the measure of the time to be assigned for one who wishes to learn wisdom according to the arrangement of this sage, who has done us good and conferred a benefit upon us, that is according to the measure of his care and his diligence and the aids that circumstance gives him — I mean by them that he be keen and retentive, in possession of the books and of the master who opens the way, and in …

Plato and Neoplatonism, Epicurus and the Stoa are opposed to Scholasticism, the real Aristotle to the transformed Aristotle of the Church and the distorted Aristotle of the schools.

Not that which has been considered true for centuries, not that which another says, though he be Aristotle or Thomas Aquinas, not that which flatters the desires of the heart, is true, but that only which is demonstrated to my own understanding with convincing force.

The thought of Plato, of Aristotle, and of the heroes of modern philosophy is ever proving anew its fructifying power.