The sources of Barlaam and Josaphat

1. Psalms David 10 authority 10 citations · 27 passages

   chapter 9 · chapter 11 2 passages anchored here · chapter 15 2 passages anchored here · chapter 17 · chapter 18 2 passages anchored here · chapter 20 3 passages anchored here · chapter 22 · chapter 23

   and 10 more chapters

   chapter 24 · chapter 25 · chapter 28 · chapter 29 · chapter 30 2 passages anchored here · chapter 34 2 passages anchored here · chapter 36 · chapter 37 3 passages anchored here · chapter 39 · chapter 40

   David is explicitly named as "the prophet David" before his words are quoted.

   But when I gave the reins a little slack, it at once ran swiftly back to its own work, as the Prophet says:

2. Book of Isaiah Isaiah 5 authority 5 citations · 7 passages

   chapter 9 2 passages anchored here · chapter 11 · chapter 26 · chapter 28 · chapter 29 · chapter 35

   The quoted promise of forgiveness matches the prophetic scripture invoked as God's word.

   For Isaiah says:

3. Gospel of John Jesus Christ 5 authority 5 citations · 6 passages

   chapter 8 · chapter 17 · chapter 19 · chapter 35 · chapter 39 2 passages anchored here

   Barlaam directly cites Christ's saying as authoritative proof for baptism.

   Be ever sober toward the contrary thoughts, and keep the purity of the mind, like some precious treasure, unviolated, raising yourself day by day to higher labour and contemplation, that there may be fulfilled in you what the Saviour promised to his friends, saying, 'If anyone loves me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him, and make our dwelling with him.

4. Gospel of Matthew Jesus Christ 5 authority 5 citations · 7 passages

   chapter 4 · chapter 18 · chapter 19 · chapter 25 · chapter 28 · chapter 36 2 passages anchored here

   Explicitly presented as the Master's commandment and words at the Last Supper.

   but, asking forgiveness for your sins, forgive also yourself those who offend against you, because forgiveness is repaid with forgiveness, and by reconciliation with our fellow-servants comes release from the Master's wrath.

5. Epistle to the Romans Paul the Apostle 4 authority 4 citations · 7 passages

   preface · chapter 14 · chapter 17 2 passages anchored here · chapter 18 2 passages anchored here · chapter 26

   The passage opens by quoting Paul as 'the divine Apostle' to establish its theological premise.

   The invisible things of him, from the creation of the world, being understood by the things he has made, are clearly seen, both his eternal power and divinity.

6. 1 Corinthians Paul the Apostle 3 authority 3 citations · 4 passages

   chapter 9 2 passages anchored here · chapter 17 · chapter 25

   Paul is explicitly named and quoted at length on the resurrection.

   And besides these things the Lord himself became the first-fruits of the perfect resurrection that no longer falls under death, having tasted of death in the flesh, but having risen on the third day and become the first-born of the dead.

7. Epistle to the Galatians Paul the Apostle 3 authority 3 citations · 4 passages

   chapter 2 · chapter 11 · chapter 18 · chapter 19

   The hermit attributes the saying 'the world has been crucified to me' to his 'divine teacher', Paul.

   for to me the world has been crucified, and I to the world, as my divine teacher says.

8. First Epistle of John John the Evangelist 3 authority 3 citations

   chapter 2 · chapter 12 · chapter 37

   Three sayings on the world's transience are attributed to 'my own theologian', identified as John.

   and, 'The world is passing away, and the desire of it;

9. Gospel of Luke Luke the Evangelist 3 authority 3 citations · 4 passages

   chapter 30 · chapter 35 · chapter 36 · chapter 39

   The girl cites Luke's saying about joy in heaven over a repentant sinner as authority for her argument.

   says your Scripture, 'is in heaven over one sinner who repents.

10. Ecclesiastes Solomon 2 authority · 1 extended 3 citations

    chapter 2 · chapter 12 · chapter 25

    The hermit explicitly names Solomon as the source for the teaching on vanity.

    Then indeed, then, I understood and saw, and behold, all present things are vanity and a striving after wind, as Solomon the most wise also says somewhere in his writings.

11. the Gospel the Evangelist 3 authority 3 citations · 4 passages

    chapter 8 · chapter 27 · chapter 32 2 passages anchored here

    The unnamed evangelist is quoted to establish the Gospel's reliability.

    but as it is, seeing that the holy Gospel was composed by lowly fishermen, was persecuted by all the tyrants, and after this took hold of the whole inhabited world—

12. Epistle to the Ephesians Paul the Apostle 2 authority 2 citations · 5 passages

    chapter 2 · chapter 18 2 passages anchored here · chapter 19 2 passages anchored here

    The narrator explicitly attributes the phrase on wrestling against principalities and powers to Paul.

    Then, putting on the whole armor of the Spirit, and girding your loins in truth, and putting on the breastplate of righteousness, and setting on the helmet of salvation, and shoeing your feet with the readiness of the gospel of peace, and taking up in your hands the shield of faith, and the sword of the Spirit,

13. Second Epistle to the Corinthians Paul the Apostle 2 authority 2 citations · 4 passages

    chapter 17 · chapter 18 2 passages anchored here · chapter 39

    Content matches Pauline second epistle, introduced with Apostle's authority.

    We know that, if our earthly house of this tabernacle is dissolved, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal, in the heavens;

14. Gospel of Luke (Parable of the Prodigal Son) Jesus Christ 1 authority · 1 extended 2 citations · 3 passages

    chapter 11 2 passages anchored here · chapter 32

    Explicitly introduced as a parable Christ told.

    And from many places in Scripture we are taught the power of repentance, and above all from the commands and parables of our Lord Jesus Christ.

15. Book of Daniel Daniel 1 authority 1 citation

    chapter 15

    Introduced by name as 'one of the prophets, the most wise Daniel.'

    For one of the prophets, the most wise Daniel, says to the king of Babylon:

16. Epistle of James James the Apostle 1 authority 1 citation

    chapter 19

    Content matches the Epistle of James, invoked as prior teaching.

    for faith without works is dead, just as works are dead without faith, as I remember telling you before.

17. Epistle to the Philippians Paul the Apostle 1 authority 1 citation

    chapter 18

    Quoted among the Apostle's sayings on death.

    I desire to depart and to be with Christ.

18. First Epistle of Peter Peter the Apostle 1 authority 1 citation · 2 passages

    chapter 19 2 passages anchored here

    Content matches First Peter, used in Barlaam's baptismal blessing.

    Laying aside, then, henceforth all wickedness, and hating all the works of the old man, which are corrupted according to the desires of deceit, like a newborn infant long for the reasonable and guileless milk of the virtues to drink, that in it you may grow and come to the knowledge of the commandments of the Son of God, to a perfect man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ—no …

19. Genesis Moses 1 authority 1 citation

    chapter 34

    The creation and fall narrative Josaphat teaches derives directly from Genesis.

    and making known many mysteries of theology, among which he also declared the things concerning the invisible and visible creation:

20. Second Epistle to Timothy Apostle Paul 1 authority 1 citation

    chapter 39

    Explicitly attributed to 'the divine Paul' who 'cries' the quoted words.

    if we endure, we shall also reign with him'—the eternal and unending kingdom, illumined by the unapproachable light, and counted worthy of the radiance of the truly blessed and life-giving Trinity.

Each stands at a single passage. The chapter carries the anchors.

preface 1 source

Gospel parable of the Talents (Matthew)

chapter 3 1 source

Balaam narrative (Numbers)

chapter 6 1 source

Parable of the Sower (the Gospel)

chapter 7 4 sources

Exodus (deliverance from Egypt and the giving of the Law) · Genesis (the creation and fall narrative) · Gospel account of Christ's life, death, and resurrection · The voice from heaven at the Baptism (Gospel account)

chapter 8 1 source

the Scriptures (on things unseen)

chapter 9 5 sources

an epistle · an epistle (word of God living and active) · an unnamed prophecy · the Gospel (sayings and deeds of Christ) · the Gospel parables

chapter 10 3 sources

Acts of the Apostles (Peter's preaching) · Scriptural polemic against idols · prophetic Scripture of restoration and mercy

chapter 11 7 sources

Gospel account of the unclean spirit's return · Gospel accounts of Peter's denial and restoration · Gospel of Luke (Parable of the Lost Sheep) · Gospel of Matthew (Great Commission) · Gospel of Matthew (Sermon on the Mount) · Law of Moses · Prophetic scripture (Zechariah)

chapter 12 3 sources

Gospel of Luke (on unprofitable servants) · Gospel of Matthew (on serving two masters) · Gospel of Matthew (on two or three gathered)

chapter 15 4 sources

Gospel (saying on the mammon of unrighteousness) · Gospel (the narrow and broad way saying) · Gospel (the rich young ruler narrative) · unspecified homily or teaching

chapter 17 1 source

Wisdom of Solomon

chapter 19 2 sources

Nicene Creed / Council of Nicaea · patristic teaching on icon veneration

chapter 20 3 sources

an unnamed saying on kindled prayer · the First Epistle of Peter (with the words of Isaiah) · the teaching of the Fathers on prayer

chapter 23 1 source

the account of an aged priest, seven children, and their mother

chapter 24 2 sources

Scripture (Isaiah) · Trinitarian doctrine of the Church

chapter 25 1 source

Barlaam's teaching

chapter 26 1 source

Numbers (the Balaam and Balak narrative)

chapter 27 5 sources

Chaldean doctrine of elemental worship · Egyptian religious tradition (Isis, Osiris, animal worship) · Greek mythological tradition concerning the gods · Jewish scriptural history and tradition · the Scriptures of the Christians

chapter 30 3 sources

Acts of the Apostles · Scriptures on marriage (Hebrews 13:4; 1 Corinthians 7:9; Matthew 19:6) · the Gospels (on Peter's marriage)

chapter 31 1 source

prophetic paschal proclamation ('Hades was embittered')

chapter 32 11 sources

Book of Ezekiel (the Lord does not wish the death of the sinner) · Book of Isaiah (wash yourselves, become clean; scarlet sins made white as snow) · Book of Jeremiah (the Ethiopian and the leopard) · Gospel of John (all things came to be through him) · Greek poetic tradition on the human origin of the gods · Psalms (by the word of the Lord the heavens were established) · Psalms (foundation of the earth; they shall perish but you remain) · Psalms (the impious one exalted and vanishing) · the Gospel ('I came not to call the righteous but sinners') · the Gospel (words of the Lord: heaven and earth shall pass away) · tradition concerning Serug's invention of statues

chapter 33 1 source

Book of Kingdoms (the narrative of David and Saul)

chapter 35 1 source

Pauline Epistles and Acts of the Apostles

chapter 37 2 sources

Song of Songs · the account of Antony's desert temptations

chapter 39 3 sources

Law of Moses (Leviticus) · Scripture · Second Epistle to the Corinthians and Epistle to the Philippians