Part Two: on the particular branches of good character — Chapter One: the counsels of the sages and the precepts profitable in every field

wa-al-ghalabah wa-qaḍāʼ waṭar al-shahawāt qāniʻatayn fīhimā bimā aṭlaʻahā al-ʻaql wa-al-sharʻ mutamassikatayn bi-aḥkām al-sharīʻah al-ḥaqqah fī jamīʻ al-aḥwāl wa-al-aʻmāl fa-innahā al-aʻmāl al-mūṣilah ilá al-saʻādah al-abadīyah al-muqarribah ilá al-ḥaḍrah al-ṣamadīyah fa-inna asās al-faḍāʼil wa-milākuhā huwa al-rujūʻ ilá malik al-ḥaḍrah wa-al-wuṣūl ilá janāb rabb al-ʻizzah fa-innahu yajmaʻ al-ladhdhāt wa-muntahá al-saʻādāt

al-qism al-thānī fī al-furūʻ al-juzʼīyah li-maḥāsin al-akhlāq

( al-faṣl al-awwal minhu ) fī naṣāʼiḥ al-ḥukamāʼ wa-al-ādāb al-nāfiʻah

yajib ʻalá ṭālib al-kamāl an yaʻrif uṣūl al-umūr wa-furūʻihā wa-yataqaddam bi-iḥrāz al-uṣūl fa-inna kathīran min al-nās ḍayyaʻū al-wuṣūl bi-tarkihim al-uṣūl kamā qīla man ḍayyaʻa al-uṣūl ḥurima al-wuṣūl fa-in aṣāba al-furūʻ baʻda iḥrāz al-uṣūl fa-huwa afḍal . fa-aṣl al-amr fī al-dīn an yaʻtaqid ʻalá al-īmān wa-yajtanib al-kabāʼir wa-yuʼaddī al-farāʼiḍ fa-alzim dhālika luzūm man lā ghināʼ lahu ʻanhu ṭarfat ʻayn wa-man yaʻlam anna man ḥurimahu halaka — thumma in qadarta an tujāwiza dhālika ilá al-fiqh wa-al-ʻibādah fa-huwa afḍal . wa-aṣl al-amr fī iṣlāḥ al-jasad an lā yuḥmal ʻalayhi fī al-maʼākil wa-al-mashārib wa-al-bāh al-aḥiqah thumma in qadarta ʻalá an taʻlama jamīʻ manāfiʻ al-jasad wa-maḍārrahu wa-al-intifāʻ bihi fa-huwa afḍal wa-aṣl al-amr fī al-nās an lā tuḥaddith nafsaka bi-al-idbār wa-aṣḥābuka muqbilūn ʻalá ʻaduwwihim thumma in qadarta an takūna awwala ḥāmil wa-ākhir munṣarif fī ghayr taḍyīʻ lil-ḥadhar fa-ifʻal fa-innahu afḍal . wa-aṣl al-amr fī al-jūd allā yaḍinna bi-al-ḥuqūq ʻan ahlihā thumma in qadarta ʻalá an tazīda dhī al-ḥaqq ʻalá ḥaqqihi wa-tafḍula ʻalá man lā ḥaqqa lahu fa-huwa afḍal wa-aṣl al-amr fī al-kalām an yaslama min al-saqaṭ bi-al-taḥaffuẓ thumma in qadarta ʻalá bāriʻ al-ṣawāb fa-huwa afḍal . wa-aṣl al-amr fī al-maʻīshah al-taʼannī fī ṭalab al-ḥalāl wa-an yuḥsina al-taqdīr limā yunfiq wa-lā yaghurranka min dhālika siʻah takūnu fīhā fa-inna aʻẓam al-nās fī al-dunyā aḥwajuhum ilá al-taqdīr thumma in qadarta ʻalá al-rifq wa-al-luṭf fī al-ṭalab wa-al-ʻilm bi-al-maṭālib wa-al-makāsib fa-huwa afḍal wa-qis ʻalá hādhā murāʻāt li-uṣūl wa-taqdīmihā ʻalá al-furūʻ fī jamīʻ al-umūr . wa-iʻlam anna li-kull shayʼ sababan wa-ʻillah wa-sabab ṭīb al-ʻaysh mudārāt al-nās wa-sabab al-mudārāt wufūr al-ʻaql wa-sabab al-yusr al-taysīr wa-sabab al-mazīd al-shukr wa-sabab zawāl al-niʻam al-baṭar wa-sabab al-ʻiffah ghaḍḍ al-baṣar wa-sabab al-ʻaṭab al-ghaḍab wa-sabab al-zīnah al-adab wa-sabab al-fujūr al-khalwah wa-sabab al-bighḍah al-ḥiddah wa-sabab al-maḥabbah al-hadīyah wa-sabab al-daʻah al-ḍaʻah wa-sabab al-ukhūwah al-bashāshah wa-sabab al-qaṭīʻah kathrat al-muʻātabah . wa-sabab al-faqr al-saraf wa-sabab al-tharwah ḥusn al-tadbīr . wa-sabab al-maqt al-ḥalif wa-sabab al-balāʼ al-mirāʼ wa-sabab al-hawān al-ṭamaʻ wa-sabab al-thanāʼ al-sakhāʼ wa-sabab al-tijārah al-ṣidq wa-sabab al-najāḥ al-rifq wa-sabab al-madhallah al-masʼalah wa-sabab al-ḥirmān al-kasr wa-sabab al-ʻulūw ḥusn al-riʼāsah wa-sabab al-nayl tark al-mazīd wa-sabab al-nafrah al-ṣalaf wa-sabab al-amwāl al-ḥulūl bi-sāḥat al-mulūk . wa-sabab al-khayr kullihi ghalabat al-ʻaql ʻalá al-hawá . wa-qīla li-ḥakīm mā al-surūr qāla ʻaql yuqīmuka wa-ʻilm yuzayyinuka wa-walad yasurruka wa-māl yasaʻuka wa-amn yurīḥuka wa-ʻāfiyah tajmaʻu laka al-masarrāt . wa-iʻlam anna min al-umūr mā lā yaṣluḥ illā bi-qar āʼinihā fa-lā yanfaʻ al-ʻilm bi-ghayr waraʻ wa-lā al-jamāl bi-ghayr ḥalāwah wa-lā al-ḥasab bi-ghayr adab wa-lā al-surūr bi-ghayr amn wa-lā al-ghiná bi-ghayr jūd wa-lā al-murūʼah bi-ghayr tawāḍuʻ wa-lā shiddat al-baṭsh bi-ghayr shiddat al-ʻiqāb wa-lā khafḍ al-ʻaysh bi-ghayr kifāyah wa-lā al-ijtihād bi-ghayr tawfīq wa-qīla al-saʻīd min al-nās man kāna al-ʻaql awfar ṭibāʻihi wa-al-ʻilm afḍal dhakhāʼirihi wa-lā yughnīhi illā al-qanāʻah wa-lā yuʼminuhu illā al-barāʼah wa-lā yūjib al-ziyādah lahu illā al-shukr wa-lā yadfaʻ ʻanhu al-makārih illā al-duʻāʼ wa-man ʻadima al-ʻaql lā yazīduhu al-sulṭān ʻizzan . wa-man ʻadima al-qanāʻah lā yazīduhu al-māl ghiná . wa-qīla waqqir man fawqaka wa-in li-man dūnaka wa-aḥsin muwāfāt akfāʼika wa-kamā qīla waqqir kabīrahum wa-irḥam ṣaghīrahum wa-rāʻi fī al-khalq ḥaqqa man khalaqahu wa-li-takun abarr min dhālika bi-muwāfāt akfāʼika fa-inna hādhā yashhad laka bi-anna ijlālaka li-man fawqaka laysa bi-khuḍūʻ lahum wa-anna līnaka li-man dūnaka laysa li-ṭamaʻ fīhim . wa-idhā istaṭalta ʻalá al-akfāʼ fa-lā taḍinna ʻanhum bi-al-ṣafāʼ wa-aḥsin taqdīr maʻāshika wa-maʻādika taqdīran lā yufsid ʻalayka iḥdāhumā al-ākhar fa-in aʻyāka dhālika fa-irfuḍ al-adná wa-āthir al-aʻẓam . wa-lā tartakib qabīḥan fī waqt min al-awqāt lā ʻalá khalwah wa-lā maʻa ghayrika wa-li-yakun istiḥyāʼuka min nafsika akthar min istiḥyāʼika min ghayrika . wa-iʻlam anna dawāʻī al-shahawāt idhā ittaṣalat bihā ḥājātuhā kānat ka-al-ḥaṭab lil-nār wa-ka-al-māʼ lil-samak wa-idhā manaʻtahā ʻanhā wa-ḥulta mā baynahā wa-bayna mā tahwá inṭafaʼat ka-inṭifāʼ al-nār ʻinda fiqdān al-ḥaṭab wa-halakat wa-iḍmaḥallat ka-halāk al-samak ʻinda fiqdān al-māʼ wa-lā tastaṣghiranna shayʼan min al-khaṭaʼ al-ladhī yukhālif ṣawāb raʼyika fa-inna man istaṣghara ṣaghīran awshaka an yajtamiʻa maʻahu ṣaghīr ākhar ḥattá yaṣīra al-ṣaghīr kabīran wa-innamā huwa balam (١) yablimuhā al-ʻajz wa-al-ihmāl fī ʻaqlika fa-idhā lam yusadd awshaka an yatafajjara bimā lā yuṭāq saddahu wa-lam tara muʻaẓẓaman illā wa-qad atá bihi min min jihat al-ṣaghīr al-mutahāwin bihi . fa-inna al-amrāḍ qad taʼtī min jihat al-muḥtaqar minhu ḥattá yahjuma minhu ʻalá al-dāʼ al-ʻuḍāl wa-al-anhār tatafajjar min al-thuqab al-ṣaghīrah al-mustahān bihā wa-al-ḥarīq al-ʻaẓīm yakūn min qibal al-sharar al-ṣaghīr kamā qīla * wa-muʻẓam al-nār min mustaṣghar al-sharar * wa-iḥdhar min mukhāṣamat al-ahl wa-al-walad wa-al-ṣadīq wa-al-ḍaʻīf wa-lā tastafsid ṣadīqan bi-hafwah taṣduru minhu wa-lā talum aḥadan ʻalá mā qad yakūn fī mithlihi al-ʻudhr ḥattá taʻlama mā iʻtidhāruhu wa-lā taʻmid li-kull fāriṭah ʻitāban wa-li-yakun ʻitābuka taʼdīban lā taʼnīban . fa-inna sharra al-adab mā kāna taʻsīran wa-khayrahu mā kāna taysīran wa-li-yakun mā taṣrifu bihi al-ʻadhāb wa-al-adhá ʻan nafsika an lā takūna ḥasūdan . wa-iʻlam anna al-ḥasad khulq laʼīm wa-min luʼmihi annahu mutawakkil bi-al-adná fa-al-adná min al-akfāʼ wa-al-aqārib wa-al-khulaṭāʼ wa-ʻadhdhib ḥussādaka bi-al-iḥsān ilayhim wa-dāri ʻaduwwaka li-amrayn immā li-rajāʼ ṣadāqah tuʼminuka wa-immā li-furṣah tumakkinuka wa-lā tukhbirhu bi-annaka lahu ʻaduww fa-tufarriḥahu bi-ḥuznika wa-taḥmilahu ʻalá al-tasalluḥ laka wa-tūqida nārahu ʻalayka wa-aʻẓam li-khaṭarika an tará ʻaduwwaka annaka lā tattakhidhahu ʻaduwwan fa-inna dhālika ghirrah lahu wa-sabīl laka ilá al-qudrah ʻalayhi . wa-in qadarta ʻalá ightifār al-ʻadāwah ʻanhu wa-irtafaʻta ʻan an tukāfiʼa bihā fa-qad istakmalta ʻiẓam al-qadr wa-al-khaṭar wa-in kunta mukāfiʼan bi-al-ʻadāwah wa-al-ḍarar fa-iyyāka an tukāfiʼa ʻadāwat al-sirr bi-ʻadāwat al-ʻalānīyah wa-ʻadāwat al-khāṣṣah bi-ʻadāwat al-ʻāmmah fa-inna dhālika huwa al-ẓulm wa-al-ʻār al-ʻaẓīm

wa-iʻlam annahu laysa kull ʻadāwah tukāfaʼ bi-mithlihā ka-al-khiyānah . wa-al-sariqah lā tukāfaʼ bi-al-sariqah . wa-lā tattakhidhanna al-laʻn wa-al-shatm silāḥan ʻalá ʻaduwwika fa-innahu lā yajraḥ fī nafs wa-lā māl wa-lā dīn fa-lā tulawwithanna nafsaka bimā lā yaḍurru ʻaduwwaka . wa-lā tadaʻ maʻa dhālika iḥṣāʼ maʻāʼibihi wa-ikhfāʼahā ʻanhu ḥattá tubdīhā fī mawḍiʻihā ʻinda al-ḥājah . wa-iʻlam annahu qallamā badaʼa aḥad bi-shayʼ yaʻrifuhu min nafsihi wa-qad kāna yaṭmaʻu fī ikhfāʼihi ʻan al-nās fa-yuʻayyiru bihi ʻaduwwan ʻinda sulṭān aw ghayrihi illā kāda an yashhada ʻalayhi wajhuhu wa-ʻaynuhu wa-lisānuhu wa-al-ladhī yakūn min inkisārihi wa-futūrihi ʻinda dhālika bi-al-badāhah fa-yajib ʻalá al-ʻāqil an yaḥdhara hādhihi al-ḥālah wa-yatajallada ʻalayhā wa-yuqaddima fī al-uhbah li-ittiqāʼihā

ʻawwid nafsaka al-ṣabr ʻalá man khālafaka min dhawī al-naṣīḥah wa-al-tajarruʻ li-marārat qawlihim wa-ʻadhlihim . wa-lā tusahhil sabīl dhālika illā li-dhawī al-ʻaql wa-al-sinn li-allā yajtariʼa ʻalayka safīh aw yastakhiffa bika shāniʼ wa-in ibtulīta min safīh bi-safāhah fa-iyyāka an taḥtadhiya mithālahu wa-tuʻāriḍahu bi-safahihi fa-in kāna dhālika ʻindaka madhmūman fa-ḥaqqiq dhamāmaka iyyāhu bi-tark muʻāraḍatihi wa-irʻa ʻirḍaka bi-al-iʻrāḍ ʻanhu fa-innahu lā yughlabu fī al-mukhāṣamah sharra al-nās illā man kāna sharran minhu . wa-in kunta fī jamāʻah fa-lā taʻummanna ummah min al-umam bi-shatm aw dhamm wa-lā tadhumanna isman min asmāʼ al-rijāl wa-al-nisāʼ fa-innaka lā tadrī laʻallaka tatanāwal baʻḍa aʻrāḍ julasāʼika aw asmāʼihim aw asmāʼ man yattaṣil bihim fa-yajraḥ fī qulūbihim wa-jarḥ al-lisān fī al-nikāyah ka-jarḥ al-sinān wa-li-taʻlam ṣāḥibaka wa-ṣadīqaka annaka ḥadib ʻalá ṣāḥibihi wa-ṣadīqihi wa-lā yará minka nafrah min aṣḥābihi wa-aʻwānihi fa-inna dhālika yankaʼu fī al-qulūb wa-luṭfuka bi-ṣāḥib ṣāḥibika aḥsan mawqiʻan ʻindahu min luṭfika bihi nafsihi . wa-ittaqi al-faraḥ ʻinda al-maḥzūn wa-iʻlam annahu yaḥqidu ʻalá al-minṭāq wa-yaskunu lil-muktaʼib . wa-ijtanib ʻan muʼānasat al-muʻjab al-kafūr wa-muʻāsharat al-rajul al-sayyiʼ al-khulq wa-muṭāʻamat al-sharih al-waqīḥ wa-munāzaʻat al-adīb al-mufawwah wa-ʻan al-liḥāḥ wa-al-mirāʼ maʻa al-ikhwān wa-in kunta lasinan — wa-lā tukthiranna iddiʻāʼ al-ʻilm fī kull mā yaʻriḍ li-anna fawqa kull dhī ʻilm ʻalīm . wa-innaka min dhālika fī faḍīḥatayn immā an yunāziʻūka fīmā iddaʻayta fa-yahjum ʻalayka bi-al-jahālah wa-al-ṣalaf wa-immā an lā yunāziʻūka wa-yakhlū al-amrayn min yadayka fa-yaṭṭaliʻa minka ʻalá al-taṣalluf wa-al-daʻwá fa-in ānasta min nafsika faḍlan fa-taṭallaʻta bi-nafsika tadhkuruhu wa-tubdīhi fa-iʻlam anna ẓuhūrahu minka bi-dhālika al-wajh yuqarriru fī qulūb al-nās min al-ʻatb akthar mā yuqarriru laka min al-faḍl wa-innaka in ṣabarta wa-lam taʻjal ẓahara dhālika minka ʻalá al-wajh al-jamīl al-maʻrūf wa-li-taʻrif al-ʻulamāʼ minka idhā ijtamaʻta maʻahum annaka ʻalá an tasmaʻa aḥraṣ minka ʻalá an taqūla . idhā aradta thawb al-jamāl wa-an tataḥallá bihi wa-tajliba bihi al-mawaddah ʻinda al-khāṣṣah wa-al-ʻāmmah wa-taslika sabīlan lā ʻithār fīhi fa-kun ʻāliman ka-jāhil wa-nāṭiqan ka-ghabī fa-inna al-nuṭq idhā iḥtajta ilayhi yulabbīka ilá ḥājatika wa-ammā al-ṣamt fa-yuksibuka al-maḥabbah wa-al-waqār . wa-idhā raʼayta al-rajul yuḥaddithu ḥadīthan qad ʻalimtahu aw yukhbiru khabaran qad samiʻtahu fa-lā tushārikanhu fīhi wa-lā tuqabbiḥhu ʻalayhi ḥirṣan minka an tuʻlima al-nās annaka qad ʻalimtahu fa-inna fī dhālika khiffah wa-sūʼ adab wa-shuḥḥan wa-iʻlam anna lisānaka adāt mughlabah yataghālabu ʻalayhi ʻaqluka wa-ghaḍabuka wa-kull ghālib ʻalayhi mustamtiʻ bihi yaṣrifuhu fīmā yuḥibbuhu fa-idhā ghalaba ʻalayhi ʻaqluka fa-huwa laka wa-illā fa-huwa li-ʻaduwwika fa-ijtahid allā yakūna illā laka wa-lā tuḥaddithanna illā man yará ḥadīthaka maghnaman fa-man lam yabsuṭ li-ḥadīthika fa-irfaʻ ʻanhu maʼūnat al-istimāʻ mā lam yaghlibka al-iḍṭirār wa-taʻallam ḥusn al-istimāʻ kamā taʻallam ḥusn al-kalām wa-min ḥusn al-istimāʻ imhāl al-mutakallim ḥattá yaqḍiya kalāmahu wa-qillat al-talaffut ilá al-ghayr wa-tark surʻat al-talaffut ilá al-jawāb wa-al-iqbāl bi-al-wajh wa-al-naẓar ilá al-mutakallim ḥattá yaqḍiya kalāmahu tamāmahu . wa-lā takhliṭanna bi-al-jidd hazlan wa-lā bi-al-hazl jiddan fa-innaka in khalaṭta bi-al-jidd hazlan hajjantahu wa-in khalaṭta bi-al-hazl jiddan kaddartahu illā fī mawṭin wāḥid in qadarta an tastaqbila al-jidd bi-al-hazl aṣabta fī al-raʼy wa-ẓaharta fīhi ʻalá al-aqrān . wa-dhālika an yatawarrada mutawarrid bi-al-safah wa-al-ghaḍab wa-sūʼ al-ghalaṭ fa-tujībuhu ijābat al-hāzil al-murāghib bi-raḥb min al-dharʻ wa-ṭalāqat min al-wajh wa-thabāt min al-manṭiq

wa-min sūʼ muʻāsharat al-rajul an tathqula ʻalayhi niʻmah yarāhā li-ṣāḥibihi fa-yakūn mimmā yatashaffá bihi fī taṣghīr ṣāḥibihi wa-takdīr niʻmatihi an yadhkura zawāl al-niʻam wa-fanāʼ al-duwal ka-annahu wāʻiẓ aw qāḍin wa-lā yakhfá anna qawlahu lā yanzilu bi-manzilat al-mawʻiẓah wa-lākin bi-manzilat al-ḍajar min al-niʻmah wa-al-ightimām lahā wa-al-istirāḥah bi-qawlihi ʻanhā . wa-iʻlam annahu sa-yamurru bika min al-aḥādīth mā yuʻjibuka immā malīḥah aw rāʼiʻah thumma taḥriṣu ʻalá an taʻjaba minhā aqwām wa-laysa kull muʻjib laka muʻjiban li-ghayrika fa-idhā nasharta dhālika marrah aw marratayn wa-lam tarahu waqaʻa min al-sāmiʻīn mawqiʻahu minka fa-inzajir min al-ʻawd lahu fa-inna al-taʻajjub ʻan ghayr ʻajab saqaṭ shadīd . wa-idhā aṣāba akhūka faḍl manzilah min al-sulṭān fa-lā turiyannahu anna dhālika al-faḍl zādaka lahu wuddan wa-lā yaʻrifanna minka ʻalayhi bi-māḍī ikhāʼihi tadhallulan wa-arihi anna sulṭānahu zādaka lahu tawqīran wa-ijlālan wa-lā tuqaddir al-umūr baynaka wa-baynahu ʻalá mā kunta taʻrifuhu min akhlāqihi fa-inna al-akhlāq mustaḥīlah maʻa al-sulṭān wa-idhā raʼayta fī jiddat dawlah amran qad istaqāma bi-ghayr raʼy wa-ḥazm wa-aʻwānan ghalabū bi-ghayr faḍīlah wa-istiḥqāq fa-lā taghtarra bi-dhālika wa-lā tuʻaẓẓim amrahā fa-inna dhālika al-amr yastatibbu thumma taṣīru al-shuʼūn ilá ḥaqāʼiqihā wa-uṣūlihā . wa-qad qīla dawlat al-jāhil ka-al-gharīb yaḥinnu ilá waṭanihi bi-al-intiqāl wa-dawlat al-ʻāqil ka-al-nasīb yaḥinnu ilá maqāmihi bi-al-ittiṣāl

dhallil nafsaka bi-al-ṣabr ʻalá al-jār al-sūʼ wa-al-jalīs al-sūʼ fa-inna anqaṣ al-nās man ādhá jārahu wa-jalīsahu kamā qīla iṣbir li-adhá jārika al-sūʼ immā an yarḥala aw yamūta

wa-iʻlam anna al-liʼām aṣbar ajsādan wa-al-kirām aṣbar nafsan li-anna al-ṣabr ʻalá mā talqá al-ajsād min ṣifāt al-bahāʼim wa-al-ṣabr al-maḥmūd an yakūna al-marʼ lil-nafs ghalūban wa-min al-hawá ḥadhūran wa-lil-mashāqq allatī turjá ḥusn ʻāqibatihā mutaḥammilan wa-ʻalá mujāhadat al-shahawāt ṣabūran wa-ʻawwid nafsaka al-sakhāʼ . wa-iʻlam anna al-sakhāʼ ʻalá nawʻayn sakhāʼ al-insān bimā fī yadihi wa-sakhāʼuhu ʻammā fī aydī al-nās wa-al-awwal aqrabuhumā min an yadkhula fīhi al-mufākharah wa-tark mā fī aydī al-nās amḥaḍ fī al-takarrum wa-anzah min al-danas fa-in jamaʻahumā aḥad fa-badhala wa-ʻaffa fa-qad istakmala al-jūd wa-al-karam . wa-iʻlam anna maḥḍ al-karam al-wafāʼ bi-al-dhimam wa-al-ṭamaʻ fīmā ʻinda al-nās min luʼm al-nafs wa-danāʼat al-himam . wa-iyyāka wa-al-fakhr maʻa al-ʻilm bi-al-ladhī minhu kunta wa-bi-al-ladhī ilayhi taṣīru wa-taḥammulika mā fī baṭnika wa-tarakkubika min al-ashyāʼ allatī shaʼnuhā al-inḥilāl wa-al-intiqāl min ḥāl ilá ḥāl . wa-iyyāka wa-al-kadhib fa-innahu lā yakūn illā min mahānat al-nafs wa-sakhāfat al-raʼy wa-al-jahālah bi-ʻawāqib maḍarratihi . wa-aqall maḍārrihi an yuqāla fulān lā yaṣduq fa-yasquṭ iʻtibār qawlika min aʻyun al-nās wa-iyyāka wa-al-ḥalif fī ḥāl al-ṣidq fa-ammā fī ḥāl al-kadhib fa-ijtanib minhu ashadd al-ijtināb . wa-iʻlam anna awqaʻ al-umūr fī al-dīn wa-anhakahā lil-jasad wa-atlafahā lil-māl wa-aḍarrahā bi-al-ʻaql wa-asraʻahā fī dhahāb al-jalālah wa-al-waqār al-ighrāʼ bi-al-nisāʼ . wa-min al-balāʼ ʻalá al-maghrūr bihinna annahu lā yazāl yakrahu mā ʻindahu wa-yaṭmaʻu fīmā ʻinda al-nās wa-innamā al-nisāʼ ashbāh wa-mā yaẓharna fī al-ʻuyūn wa-al-qulūb min faḍl majhūl ātihinna ʻalá maʻrūfātihinna bāṭil wa-khadʻah bal kathīr mimmā yarghabu fīhi al-rāghib mimmā ʻindahu afḍal mimmā tatūqu ilayhi nafsuhu wa-innamā al-murtaghib ʻammā fī raḥlihi minhunna ilá mā fī riḥāl ghayrihi ka-al-murtaghib ʻan ṭaʻām baytihi ilá mā fī buyūt al-nās min al-aṭʻimah bal al-nisāʼ bi-al-nisāʼ ashbah min al-ṭaʻām bi-al-ṭaʻām fa-iḥdhar ʻan hādhihi al-radhīlah ashadd al-ḥadhar

lā tafraḥ bi-al-baṭālah wa-in kāna fīhā rāḥah wa-lā taḥzan min al-ʻamal wa-in kāna fīhi taʻab wa-ightanim min al-khayr mā taʻjubāt wa-min al-ahwāʼ mā sawwafta . wa-iʻlam anna al-khayr maghlabah wa-anna al-ḥirṣ maḥramah . man qutila fī al-ḥarb muqbilan afḍal mimman qutila mudbiran . wa-man ṭalaba bi-al-ijmāl wa-al-takarrum akthar wuṣūlan ilá maṭlūbihi mimman ṭalaba bi-al-sharah wa-al-ḥirṣ wa-idrāk al-ḥājah min al-nās lā yumkin illā bi-luṭf al-suʼāl wa-līn al-maqāl wa-ḥusn al-anāʼah wa-qillat al-istikrāh . wa-lā tastahziʼ bi-al-māl wa-tanmiyatihi fa-inna al-māl ālat lil-makārim wa-ʻawn ʻalá al-dahr wa-qūwah ʻalá al-dīn wa-maʼlafah lil-ikhwān . wa-faqd al-māl maʻahu qillat al-iktirāth min al-nās wa-tatbaʻuhu qillat al-raghbah ilayhi wa-al-rahbah minhu wa-man lam yakun bi-mawḍiʻ raghbah aw rahbah istakhaffa bihi al-nās . qīla li-ḥakīm lima tajmaʻ al-māl wa-anta ḥakīm qāla li-aṣūna bihi al-ʻirḍ wa-aʼūdī bihi al-gharaḍ wa-astaghní bihi ʻan al-qarḍ wa-lā tataqaddam ʻalá al-nawm illā baʻda an tataṣaffaḥa min al-afʻāl allatī faʻaltahā fī nahārika ajmaʻ wa-mā lam tafʻalhā fa-matá kunta qad atayta makrūhan fa-li-yudhʻiranka wa-matá kunta qad atayta raḍiyyan fa-li-yubhijanka wa-in kunta tarakta mā yajib ʻalayka fiʻlahu fa-li-talum nafsaka bi-al-taqṣīr ḥattá tanzajira ʻammā takrahu wa-tadūma ʻalá mā yajib wa-tadāraka mā qaṣṣarta fīhi . wa-iyyāka wa-al-taʻarruḍ li-amr madhmūm fa-inna mā tarāhu madhmūman fī ghayrika lā yakūn maḥmūdan fīka . wa-iyyāka an taẓunna anna ḥasanātika tastaghriqu sayyiʼātika hayhāt fa-inna al-qalīl min al-isāʼah fī al-qawl wa-al-fiʻl yamḥaqu kathīran min al-ḥasanāt . wa-iʻlam anna al-ʻādāt qāhirah fa-man iʻtāda shayʼan fī sirrihi wa-khalawātihi faḍaḥahu fī ʻalāniyatihi ʻinda al-malaʼ fa-ijtahid fī iqtināʼ al-ʻādāt al-jamīlah wa-al-ijtināb ʻan al-ʻādāt al-radhīlah . wa-min kalāmihim lā yūjadu al-fajūr maḥmūdan wa-lā al-ghaḍūb masrūran wa-lā al-ḥurr ḥarīṣan wa-lā al-karīm ḥasūdan wa-lā al-sharih ghanīyan wa-lā al-malūl dhā ikhwān wa-lā yūjadu ʻāqil yuḥaddithu man yakhāfu takdhībahu wa-yasʼalu man yakhāfu manʻahu wa-yaʻidu man lā yathiqu bi-injāzihi wa-yarjū mā yuʻannafu bi-rajāʼihi wa-yuqdimu ʻalá mā yakhāfu al-ʻajz ʻanhu ( waṣīyat al-Furs ) kun ṣadūqan li-tuʼmana ʻalá mā taqūlu wa-kun dhā ʻahd li-tūfiya bi-ʻahdika wa-kun shakūran tastawjib al-ziyādah wa-kun jawādan li-takūna lil-khayr ahlan wa-kun raḥīman lil-maḍrūrīn li-allā tubtalá bi-al-ḍurr wa-kun wadūdan li-allā takūna maʻdinan li-akhlāq al-shayāṭīn wa-kun muqbilan ʻalá shaʼnika li-allā tuʼkhadha bimā lam tajtarim . wa-kun mutawāḍiʻan li-yufraḥa laka bi-al-khayr wa-kun ʻāliman li-taqarra ʻaynuka bimā ūtīta wa-surra lil-nās bi-al-khayr li-allā yuʼdhīka al-ḥasad wa-kun ḥadhiran li-allā taṭūla makhāfatuka wa-lā takun ḥaqūdan li-allā taḍurra bi-nafsika al-ghāniyah iḍrāran bāqiyan wa-kun dhā ḥayāʼ li-allā tastandima ilá al-ʻulamāʼ fa-inna makhāfat al-ʻāqil min madhammat al-ʻulamāʼ (١) ashadd min makhāfatihi min al-sulṭān al-qāhir ( waṣīyat Luqmān li-ibnihi ) kun fī al-shiddah waqūran wa-fī al-makārih ṣabūran wa-fī al-rakhāʼ shakūran wa-lā tuhin man aṭāʻa Allāh wa-lā tukrim man ʻaṣá Allāh wa-lā tadaʻ mā laysa laka wa-lā tajḥad mā ʻalayka wa-lā tataʻarraḍ lil-bāṭil wa-lā taqul mā lam taʻlam wa-lā tatakallaf mā lā tuṭīq wa-lā tataʻāẓam wa-lā tafkhar wa-lā taḍjar wa-lā taghtab wa-lā tahmiz wa-in usīʼa ilayka fa-ighfir wa-in uḥsina ilayka fa-ishkur wa-in ibtulīta fa-iṣbir wa-iḥfaẓ al-ʻibar wa-iḥdhar al-ghiyar . wa-qīla ʻaẓẓimū qadrakum bi-al-taghāful ʻan danīʼ al-umūr wa-amsikū ramaq al-ḍaʻīf bi-al-maʻūnah wa-darribū ʻuqūlakum bi-adab kull zamān wa-ajrū maʻa ahlihi ʻalá manāhijihim yaqill man yukhāṣimukum wa-taslam aʻrāḍukum wa-ḍaʻū ʻankum maʼūnat al-khilāf wa-al-mumāḥakah fī al-munāzaʻah fa-rubbamā awrathat al-ḍaghāʼin wa-naqaḍat mubram al-muwādāt wa-lā yaṭmaʻanna dhū al-kibr fī al-thanāʼ al-jamīl wa-lā al-khibb (١) fī kathrat al-ṣadīq wa-lā sayyiʼ al-adab fī al-sharaf wa-lā al-ḥarīṣ fī ladhdhat al-ʻaysh . wa-qāla ākhar man kariha al-ʻār fa-li-yatajannab khams khiṣāl al-ḥirṣ wa-al-shuḥḥ wa-iḥtiqār al-nās wa-ittibāʻ al-hawá wa-al-maṭl bi-al-waʻd . wa-qīla lā tuʼākhinna mukhādiʻan wa-lā tastanṣiranna ʻājizan wa-lā tastaʻin kaslān wa-lā taḥsabanna al-ʻālim al-fājir ʻāliman wa-lā al-nāsik al-khādiʻ nāsikan wa-lā al-akh al-khādhil akhan wa-lā muṣṭaniʻ al-kafūr munʻiman wa-lā man ʻaẓuma ʻindahu al-dunyā ʻāqilan . wa-idhā raʼayta nafsaka qad taṣāgharat al-dunyā ʻindahā wa-daʻatka ilá al-zahādah fīhā ʻalá ḥāl taʻadhdhur fa-lā yaghurranka dhālika min nafsika ʻalá tilka al-ḥāl fa-innahā laysat bi-zahādah lākinnahā ḍajar wa-ḍaʻf wa-taghayyur min al-nafs ʻan mā aʻjazahā min al-dunyā wa-ghaḍab minka ʻalayhā limā iltawá ʻalayka minhā fa-idhā yammamta ilá rafḍihā wa-amsakta ʻan ṭalabihā awshaka an tará min nafsika min al-ḍajar

— al-ḥawāshī —

[39] «١» al-balam ʻuyūn ḍayyiqah wa-yablimuhā bi-fajrihā ah

[49] (١) al-maqṣūd min al-ʻulamāʼ al-ʻāmilūn bi-ʻilmihim lā ka-man yamdaḥ wa-yadhumm li-gharaḍ shakhṣī fa-inna mithl hāʼulāʼ shayāṭīn ah

[50] (١) al-khibb al-mukhādiʻ wa-huwa bi-kasr al-khāʼ tasmiyah bi-al-maṣdar - ah