An intimation on the contingent, containing a discussion of the composite, the absolute and the qualified

Wāridah

Kathīran mā qaraʻa samʻak lafẓ al-mumkin wa-ka-annak mā fahimta madlūlah aw shannafū samʻak bi-an al-mumkin mā yaḥtāj ilá ghayrih fī al-wujūd aw mā lā yatarajjaḥ wujūduh ʻalá ʻadamih illā bi-murajjiḥ wa-naḥw dhālika min al-alfāẓ al-mutarādifah lākinnak lā tadrī khārij hādhā al-mafhūm ka-sāmiʻ lafẓ al-māhīyah lā yadrī ʻalá ayy al-afrād ṣadaqat, fa-safīnat fikrih fī baḥr al-taʻyīn ghariqat, fa-ismaʻ qawlan qalīlan fī dhālika laʻallak tadrī anna al-muqayyad dhāt muṭlaqah qad ḍumma ilá tilka al-dhāt qayd, fa-al-muqayyad amr murakkab min qayd wa-dhāt muṭlaqah quyyidat bi-dhālika al-qayd, fa-lil-qayd mafhūm, wa-al-muqayyad mafhūm, wa-li-kull māṣadaq, wa-lil-majmūʻ mafhūm wa-māṣadaq, wa-lā yaṣiḥḥ ittiḥād shayʼ minhā maʻa al-ākhar fī al-mafhūm aw al-māṣadaq, wa-illā lammā ṣaḥḥa al-taqyīd, idh lasnā naʻnī bi-al-qayd al-ṣādiq al-waṣf, ka-al-nāṭiq fī al-ḥayawān al-nāṭiq, bal naʻnī bih mabdaʼ dhālika al-waṣf alladhī yuʻabbirūn ʻanh tāratan bi-mabdaʼ al-ishtiqāq wa-tāratan bi-al-waṣf al-qāʼim, fa-idhā naẓarta ilá nafs al-qayd wa-nafs al-dhāt al-muṭlaqah wajadta kullan minhumā mustaqillan bi-al-thubūt bi-al-nisbah ilá al-majmūʻ, ay law qaṭaʻta al-naẓar ʻan tarakkubihimā la-wajadta li-kull thubūtan fī nafsih mafhūman wa-mā ṣadaqan, wa-idhā naẓarta ilá al-kull al-murakkab minhumā wa-huwa alladhī tusammīh bi-al-muqayyad naẓaran dhātīyan maqṭūʻan fīh al-naẓar ʻan shayʼ min al-dhāt wa-al-qayd lam yakun lah thubūt fī dhātih idh matá quṭiʻa al-naẓar ʻan shayʼ min al-dhāt al-muṭlaqah wa-qaydihā fa-qad inʻadama al-murakkab li-inʻidām al-kull bi-inʻidām shayʼ min ajzāʼih, fa-idhan al-majmūʻ muḥtāj fī taḥaqquqih ilá kull min al-muṭlaq wa-al-muqayyad wa-inḍimām kull minhumā ilá al-ākhar, laysa al-murakkab illā ʻibārah ʻan hādhā, fa-laysa thubūtuh illā thubūt kull maʻa al-tarkīb fa-laysa lil-muqayyad fī dhātih istiqlāl bal huwa fī iʻtibārih mustanid ilá kull min al-dhāt wa-al-qayd bal iʻtibāruh ʻayn iʻtibārihimā bi-khilāf kull minhumā . wa-li-naḍrib lak al-amthāl, li-kay lā yalbath (١) ʻalayk al-maqāl, fa-unẓur fīmā bayna yadayk min al-bayt al-murakkab min al-aḍlāʻ al-arbaʻah fa-inna kull ḍilʻ law buniya bi-dūn inḍimām baqīyat al-aḍlāʻ ilayh la-kāna qāʼiman bi-dhātih mawjūdan . wa-ka-dhālika ajzāʼ al-ḍilʻ al-murakkab huwa minhā ka-al-aḥjār wa-al-jaṣṣ mathalan, fa-inna kull wāḥid minhumā bi-dūn an yurakkab maʻa al-ākhar mawjūd fī dhātih lāyaḥtāj ilá tarakkubih maʻa al-ākhar, wa-ka-dhālika al-jaṣṣ wa-al-ḥajar bi-al-nisbah ilá ajzāʼih allatī bihā qiwāmuh, wa-lākin laysa lil-bayt wujūd illā bi-al-aḍlāʻ al-arbaʻah, wa-lā al-ḍilʻ illā bi-al-ḥajar wa-al-jaṣṣ mathalan, wa-lā lil-jaṣṣ bi-dūn mā yuqawwimuh, wa-idhā wujida kull min al-ajzāʼ munḍamman ilá al-ākhar fa-huwa al-murakkab, fa-laysa al-murakkab illā al-ajzāʼ maʻa hayʼah iʻtibārīyah li-tilka al-ajzāʼ, bal laysa al-murakkab illā hādhih al-hayʼah al-iʻtibārīyah, ay fa-yakūn iʻtibāran min iʻtibārāt al-ajzāʼ wa-wujūduhā huwa wujūduh, lākin bi-qayd al-inḍimām ʻalá wajh khāṣṣ, fa-ifham — wa-mithl hādhā yuqāl fī al-umūr al-maʻqūlah ka-al-ʻuqūl wa-al-nufūs, fa-innahā dhawāt munḍammah ilá mabdaʼ al-tamāyuz baynahā wa-bayna ghayrihā, fa-anta idhā naẓarta ilá muṭlaq al-dhāt wajadta thubūtah fī dhātih, ay bi-qaṭʻ al-naẓar ʻan kawnih ʻaqlan aw nafsan, wa-ka-dhā mabdaʼ al-tamāyuz lāyatawaqqaf thubūtuh fī dhātih ʻalá kawnih li-ʻaql aw nafs, ay yaṣiḥḥ al-naẓar ilayh fī dhātih bi-al-nisbah ilá al-ʻaql wa-al-nafs, bi-khilāf al-ʻaql aw al-nafs fa-laysa yaṣiḥḥ iʻtibāruh wujūdan illā bi-wujūd kull min al-dhāt wa-mabdaʼ al-imtiyāz . wa-laysa yaṣiḥḥ lak an taqūl : yajūz an yakūn mabdaʼ al-imtiyāz huwa al-dhāt al-muṭlaqah, fa-inna hādhā yunāfī al-taqyīd bi-al-qayd al-khāṣṣ idh al-muṭlaq lāyaqtaḍī li-dhātih qaydan muʻayyanan li-istiwāʼ al-quyūd bi-al-nisbah ilayh, fa-lā budda min inḍimām shayʼ ilayh ḥattá yatamayyaz bi-al-mumayyiz al-khāṣṣ, wa-dhālika maʻlūm

Fa-qad ʻalimta anna kull muqayyad fa-huwa muḥtāj ilá al-muṭlaq wa-al-qayd fa-huwa maʻdūm fī dhātih, fa-lā yatarajjaḥ wujūduh ʻalá ʻadamih illā bi-murajjiḥ, wa-al-muṭlaq alladhī lāqayd fīh bi-wajh min al-wujūh laysa bi-mumkin idh lā yaftaqir ilá mūjid, wa-illā la-kāna qaydan lah, fa-kull muqayyad mumkin, wa-kull mumkin muqayyad, wa-lā shayʼ min al-muṭlaq al-ḥaqīqī bi-mumkin . fa-yā ayyuhā al-muqayyad bi-qayd al-taqlīd ikhlaʻ naʻlayk innak bi-al-wād al-muqaddas wa-ukhruj ʻan ghayāhib ẓulumāt jahlak fa-falaq al-ṣubḥ tanaffas .

— al-ḥawāshī —

[3] «١» qawluh yalbath laʻalla ṣawābah yaltabis