An intimation on His knowledge of particulars

ʻāliman bi-al-asad al-marsūm ṣūratuh ʻalayh ( wa-thālithan ) hādhih al-ṣuwar amr ṭāriʼ ʻalá al-dhāt ay zāʼid ʻalayh fa-ammā qadīmah bi-al-dhāt wa-huwa muḥāl li-istiḥālat taʻaddud wājib al-wujūd wa-immā ḥādithah ʻan al-dhāt fa-yalzam an lāyakūn al-dhāt ʻāliman qabla tilka al-ṣuwar bi-al-martabah fa-qad kāna al-jahl jāʼizan ʻalayh li-dhātih mustaḥīlan li-ghayrih . wa-ayḍan yalzam qiyām ḥawādith lānihāyah lahā bi-dhātih taʻālá, wa-ayḍan hādhih ṣuwar ʻalá anḥāʼ shattá bi-niẓām wa-tartīb muʻtabar tastadʻī ʻilm ṣāniʻihā fa-yalzam an yakūn ʻāliman qablahā bihā . hādhā khulf . ʻalá annah law kāna ʻāliman qablahā fa-ammā bi-ṣuwar li-tilka al-ṣuwar wa-nanqul al-kalām wa-hākadhā wa-huwa ẓāhir al-buṭlān wa-immā bi-ʻilmih bi-dhātih alladhī huwa ʻayn dhātih li-istidʻāʼ al-ʻilm bi-al-ʻillah al-ʻilm bi-al-maʻlūl fa-li-yakun ʻilmuh bi-al-kullīyāt ka-dhālika wa-in qultum bi-anna ʻilmah shayʼ ākhar ghayr tilka al-ṣuwar fa-in kāna ghayr dhātih natakallam fīh mithl al-awwal wa-in kāna ʻilmuh bi-dhātih fa-lā maʻná lil-qawl bi-irtisām al-ṣuwar fī dhātih taqaddasa ʻan dhālika

Wāridah fī ʻilmih bi-al-juzʼīyāt

Lammā kāna taḥqīq al-ḥaqq mawqūfan ʻalá nafy māʻadāh aradnā naql mā waṣala ilaynā min al-madhāhib fī tilka al-masʼalah fa-naqūl : kathura al-naql ʻan al-Shaykh al-Ashʻarī raḍiya Allāh ʻanh fī dhālika wa-maʻa dhālika mātaqarrar (١) naql al-nāqilīn ʻalá shayʼ yuʻtamad ʻalayh fī dhālika, bal kullamā naqalū naqlan aktharū fīh min al-qīl wa-al-qāl, wa-ikhtalafū fī fahm maʻnāh wa-naḥn naʼkhudh bi-mā ishtahara min madhhabih wa-huwa annah yaʻlam al-juzʼīyāt fa-naqūl : in arāda annah yaʻlamuhā bi-waṣf al-juzʼīyah fa-dhālika innamā yakūn baʻda wujūdihā al-khārijī, idh al-shayʼ mālam yūjad fī al-khārij lam yatashakhkhaṣ, wa-al-ṣuwar al-ʻaqlīyah wa-in quyyidat bi-alf qayd lātamnaʻ al-ṣidq ʻalá kathīrīn fa-hiya kullīyah, fa-in kāna ʻilmuh ka-dhālika azalīyan ( awwalan ) lazima ʻalayh an takūn jamīʻ al-juzʼīyāt al-ḥādithah mawjūdah fī al-azal wa-huwa bāṭil ( wa-thāniyan ) mujarrad ḥuḍūr al-shayʼ ʻinda al-shayʼ lāyakfī fī kawnih ʻāliman fa-lā budda min ṭurūʼ shayʼ min al-maʻlūm ʻalá al-ʻālim ḥattá yudrikah, wa-dhālika al-ṭāriʼ huwa al-ṣūrah fa-takūn tilka al-ṣūrah murtasimah fī dhātih, wa-huwa mustalzim li-kawn dhātih dhā ṭūl wa-ʻarḍ, ḥattá yakūn maḥallan li-ṣuwar al-mādīyāt allatī hiya ka-dhālika, wa-in lam yakun ʻilmuh azalīyan, bal baʻda wujūd al-ḥādith ( fa-awwalan ) yalzam jahluh bih qabla wujūdih ( wa-thāniyan ) yalzam ʻadam irādatih fī khalqih li-ʻadam al-ʻilm, idh al-irādah min tawābiʻ al-ʻilm mālam yakun lam takun ( wa-thālithan ) mātaqaddam min kawn dhātih dhā ṭūl ilkh wa-kull dhālika muḥāl .

Wa-in arāda annah yaʻlamuhā lā ʻalá waṣf al-juzʼīyah, bal yaʻlam anna fī zaman kadhā ʻinda ḥādith kadhā yūjad dhāt kadhā bi-ṣifah kadhā, fa-hādhih al-taṣawwurāt innamā takūn bi-irtisām al-ṣuwar fī dhātih . fa-in kānat ḥādithah bi-al-ḥudūth al-zamānī fa-yalzam an lāyakūn ʻāliman qablahā, wa-ṭurūʼ al-ḥādith ʻalá dhātih wa-humā muḥālān ( wa-ayḍan ) hiya makhlūqah lah masbūqah bi-ʻilm, wa-yakūn bi-ṣuwar ukhrá fa-nanqul al-kalām ilayhā fa-yatasalsal . wa-in ( kānat ) qadīmah bi-al-zamān : fa-in kānat qadīmah bi-al-dhāt ayḍan lazima mālā yatanāhá wājib al-wujūd, wa-in kānat ḥādithah bi-al-dhāt mustanidah ilayh fī al-wujūd fa-yalzam qidam ḥawādith ghayr mutanāhiyah ghayr al-dhāt wa-al-ṣifah wa-huwa khilāf madhhabih ( wa-ayḍan ) lā budda fī khalqihā min al-irādah al-mawqūfah ʻalá al-ʻilm, fa-yakūn ʻāliman bi-tilka al-ṣuwar ayḍan qabla khalqihā, wa-yakūn dhālika bi-ṣuwar ukhrá wa-nanqul al-kalām ilayhā fa-yatasalsal fa-in tajāwaza ʻan hādhā kullih wa-qāla : inna ʻilmah laysa bi-al-irtisām . fa-qad qāla bi-ʻilm dhātī huwa ʻayn dhātih wa-huwa ʻilmuh bi-dhātih wa-qad barhana huwa ʻalá buṭlānih wa-Allāh aʻlam (١)

Wa-qāla muqallidū al-ḥukamāʼ annah yaʻlam al-juzʼīyāt bi-wajh kullī ay bi-mithl mātaqaddam fī al-tardīd al-thānī min qawl al-Ashʻarī wa-maththalū lah bi-ʻilm al-munajjim bi-annah fī sanah kadhā fī sāʻah kadhā fī darajah kadhā yaḥṣul kusūf wa-huwa lāyaqaʻ illā juzʼīyan, wa-in kāna fī taʻaqqulih kullīyan idh al-shayʼ mālam yūjad fī al-khārij lāyatashakhkhaṣ, wa-in quyyida bi-ghayr al-mutanāhī min al-quyūd wa-yalzam ʻalá hādhā al-madhhab ʻalá al-shiqq al-thānī min tardīd qawl al-Ashʻarī fa-innahum qāʼilūn bi-annah bi-irtisām al-ṣuwar

Wa-dhahaba al-ṣūfīyah ilá anna jamīʻ juzʼīyāt al-mumkināt ḥāḍirah ladayh fī al-azal mawjūdah bi-wujūdihā al-khārijī, qāʼilīn bi-anna al-zamān shaʼn min shuʼūn al-ḥaqq wa-jamīʻ al-kāʼināt al-dākhilah taḥta ḥukm al-zamān mawjūdah fī dhālika al-zamān bi-manzilat al-niqāṭ al-marsūmah ʻalá al-khaṭṭ al-mustaqīm, wa-lammā ẓahara al-ḥaqq bi-hādhā al-shaʼn al-wāḥid, fa-qad ẓahara bi-jamīʻ māfīh fa-al-kull mawjūd ʻindah ḥāḍir ladayh, munkashif lah, wa-istashhadū li-dhālika bi-annah ka-mā anna nisbat jamīʻ al-amkinah ilayh ʻalá al-sawāʼ, fa-ka-dhā nisbat al-azminah ilayh ʻalá al-sawāʼ laysa ʻindah ḥāl wa-lā māḍ wa-lā istiqbāl, wa-innamā naḥn lānudrik mā yaʼtī aw māmaḍá idrāk al-ḥāl li-quṣūr naẓarinā ka-namlah tamshī ʻalá khayṭ mulawwan bi-alwān mukhtalifah, fa-hiya lātudrik lawnan ḥattá tatajāwaz al-lawn alladhī qablah li-quṣūr ḥāssatihā ʻan al-iṭṭilāʻ ʻalá jamīʻ al-alwān dufʻatan, wa-hiya taẓunn bi-anna hādhā ḥādith, wa-dhāka inʻadama maʻa annā narāh dufʻatan fa-ka-dhā naḥn .

Wa-hādhā al-madhhab alladhī ḥamala ʻalayh ṣāḥib al-Muḥākamāt madhhab al-ḥukamāʼ fī qawlihim yaʻlamuhā ʻalá wajh kullī fa-qāla : ay lā yaʻlamuhā maʻdūmah thumma mawjūdah bayḍāʼ thumma sawdāʼ, wa-hākadhā bi-tajaddud fī ʻilmih, bal yaʻlamuhā ʻalá taghayyurihā dufʻatan wa-maththala bi-hādhā al-mithāl, wa-istashhada bi-hādhā al-istishhād . wa-ka-annah qawl innamā yaḥkum ṣarīḥ al-ʻaql bi-khilāfih, idh kull ʻāqil yaḥkum bi-anna al-yawm al-mustaqbal maʻdūm al-ān mawjūd fīmā baʻd bi-jamīʻ māyaḥduth fīh fī ṭarafay al-wujūd wa-al-ʻadam, wa-laysa hādhā bi-munḥaṭṭ ʻan darajat al-safsaṭah maʻa annah lāyaslam min al-qawl bi-al-irtisām wa-al-tamthīl wa-al-istishhād fī bawn bayna al-mustashhad wa-al-mumaththal lah wa-li-narjiʻ li-taḥqīq al-ḥaqq fa-naqūl

Anta taʻlam annah lammā lam yakun wujūd illā li-dhātih fa-ḥaqīqatuh ḥaqīqat al-ḥaqāʼiq wa-dhātuh dhāt al-dhawāt wa-jamīʻ mātatawahhamuh annamā huwa min al-iʻtibārāt li-tilka al-dhāt, fa-lā budda an taqūl inna ʻilmah ʻayn dhātih wa-huwa ʻayn ʻilmih bi-dhātih, wa-huwa ʻilm bi-jamīʻ shuʼūnih wa-aṭwārih, wa-anna jamīʻ mātasharraf bi-al-burūz, fa-annamā huwa tajallī māfī al-ʻilm, wa-lākin li-ḍīq ẓarf al-khārij ʻan an yasaʻ al-marātib al-ghayr al-mutanāhiyah allatī yaqtaḍīhā ʻalá ḥasab mālikull shayʼ fī dhātih ḥaṣala al-tartīb fī al-tajallīyāt fa-ka-mā anna dhātah wāḥidah bi-al-dhāt, wa-al-kathrah innamā waqaʻat fī ʻālam al-tajallīyāt, fa-ka-dhā ʻilmuh bi-al-kull wāḥid bi-al-dhāt, wa-kathratuh fī ʻālam al-tajallīyāt fa-mā baraza fī al-wujūd illā mākamana fī al-ʻilm al-dhātī wa-lā faṣala illā māajmala fīh fa-huwa al-ʻālim

— al-ḥawāshī —

[9] «١» laʻalla al-kalimah « istaqarra »

[10] «١» kull hādhih al-naẓarīyāt wa-amthāluhā mabnīyah ʻalá tashbīh ʻilm al-Khāliq bi-ʻilm al-insān al-makhlūq fa-tanhadim kulluhā bi-qawlinā annanā lānudrik kunh ʻilmih bal najzim bi-annah lā yushbih ʻilmanā ka-mā tamtaniʻ al-mushābahah baynah wa-bayna khalqih fī al-dhāt wa-sāʼir al-ṣifāt . wa-katabah Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā