Kāṇḍa 6

6.1.1 Having heard Hanūmān's words spoken exactly as they were, Rāma, filled with joy, replied with the following words.

6.1.2 Hanūmān has accomplished an exceedingly great and difficult deed on earth — one that no other being on this earth could even conceive of in mind.

6.1.3 I see no one who could cross the great ocean, save Garuḍa, or the Wind, or Hanūmān.

6.1.4 The city of Laṅkā, which is impregnable to gods, dānavas, yakṣas, gandharvas, nāgas, and rākṣasas, and which is well-guarded by Rāvaṇa —

6.1.5 — who, having entered it by courage, could emerge alive? Who could enter that city so very hard to assault, guarded by rākṣasas, if he were not equal to Hanūmān in valor and might?

6.1.6 Hanūmān has performed a great service for his master Sugrīva, deploying his own strength in a manner befitting his valor.

6.1.7 A servant who, when assigned by his master to a difficult task, accomplishes it with devotion — such a one is called a foremost among men.

6.1.8 A servant who, though capable, qualified, and charged with the king's task, yet does not perform it — such a one is called the lowest of men.

6.1.9 Hanūmān, appointed to that charge, has fulfilled his duty; he has not made himself small, and Sugrīva too is gratified.

6.1.10 I, scion of the Raghu lineage, and the mighty Lakṣmaṇa have today been saved — rightfully so — by the sight of Vaidehī.

6.1.11 Yet this thought afflicts my wretched heart anew: that here I can render no fitting gift to him who has brought such glad tidings.

6.1.12 This embrace of Hanūmān is my all — given by me to that great soul, availing myself of this moment as the only gift I have.

6.1.13 The search for Sītā has been accomplished — that much is well done. Yet now that we have come to the ocean, my heart is lost once more.

6.1.14 How shall the monkeys reach the southern shore of this vast, hard-to-cross sea? That is the question that weighs upon my mind.

6.1.15 Even though Vaidehī's news has been reported to me, what still remains unsolved is the matter of the monkeys crossing the ocean.

6.1.16 Having spoken thus, Rāma the destroyer of foes, agitated by grief, the long-armed hero, fell into deep contemplation, Hanūmān beside him.

6.2.1 Then glorious Sugrīva spoke words that dispel grief to Rāma, son of Daśaratha, who was scorched by sorrow.

6.2.2 Why do you afflict yourself, O hero, like any ordinary man? Do not be so; abandon your anguish as an ingrate abandons friendship.

6.2.3 I see no occasion for your anguish, O Rāghava, now that news of her has been received and the enemy's abode has been discovered.

6.2.4 You are steadfast, versed in the scriptures, wise, and learned, O Rāghava. Abandon this wicked thought that, like a foe to oneself, corrupts your purpose.

6.2.5 We shall cross the ocean, which teems with great crocodiles, scale Laṅkā, and slay your enemy.

6.2.6 For the man who has lost his energy, who is despondent, whose soul is overwhelmed by grief — all his purposes founder, and calamity overtakes him.

6.2.7 All our monkey chieftains are brave and capable; for your sake they have roused their courage even to the point of entering fire itself.

6.2.8 By their exuberance I know it, and my conviction in this is firm: I shall bring Sītā back by valor, having slain the enemy.

6.2.9 As to how a bridge may be built here, and how we may behold that city of the king of rākṣasas — give your command to that effect, O Rāghava.

6.2.10 Having seen that city of Laṅkā seated on the peak of Trikūṭa, consider Rāvaṇa already slain in battle — take that as certain from the very sight.

6.2.11 Once a bridge is built across the sea and Laṅkā is close at hand, and once the whole army has crossed — consider it conquered.

6.2.12 These monkeys who can assume any form are heroes in battle. Enough then of this faint-hearted thinking, O king, that destroys all purposes.

6.2.13 In this world grief diminishes a man's heroism. What a man must do is hold fast to courage — especially men who are heroes and great souls like yourself.

6.2.14 Whether in ruin or in loss, grief destroys all aims. But you are the foremost among the wise, thoroughly versed in the meaning of all the scriptures.

6.2.15 You ought to conquer the enemy here, together with ministers like me. I see no one in all three worlds, O Rāghava —

6.2.16 — who could stand before you in battle once you have taken up your bow. With the monkeys engaged, your purpose shall not fail.

6.2.17 You shall see Sītā soon, once you have crossed the boundless sea. Enough of clinging to grief — take hold of wrath instead, O lord of the earth.

6.2.18 Sluggish kṣatriyas who take no action — all of them tremble before the fierce. And as for crossing the dreadful lord of rivers, the ocean —

6.2.19 — having come here with us, consider the matter with your keen intellect. For these monkeys who can take any form are heroes in battle.

6.2.20 They will scatter those enemies with showers of rocks and trees. Somehow we do see our way across the abode of Varuṇa.

6.2.21 What more need be said at length? You shall be victorious in every way.

6.3.1 Having heard Sugrīva's well-reasoned speech, Kākutstha, knower of the highest truth, accepted it and then spoke to Hanūmān.

6.3.2 Whether by the swift building of a bridge or by drying up the ocean, I am fully capable in every way of crossing this sea.

6.3.3 How many fortifications does the fortified city of Laṅkā have? Tell me that. I wish to know all of it as if seeing it with my own eyes, O monkey.

6.3.4 The size of the army, the construction of the gates and fortifications, the defensive measures of Laṅkā, and the dwellings of the rākṣasas —

6.3.5 — all that you saw freely and exactly in Laṅkā, recount to me truly. For you are in every way an expert.

6.3.6 Having heard Rāma's words, Hanūmān, son of the Wind, foremost among those skilled in speech, again spoke to Rāma.

6.3.7 "Let me be heard; I shall relate everything, regarding the arrangement of the fortifications, how the city of Laṅkā is protected and how it is guarded by armed forces."

6.3.8 "The surpassing wealth of Laṅkā, the dreadfulness of the ocean, the arrangement of the army's divisions, and the disposition of the war-vehicles —"

6.3.9 "Laṅkā is jubilant and cheerful, crowded with rutting elephants, large, filled with chariots, and thronged with bands of rākṣasas."

6.3.10 "Her four vast gates are of great size, fitted with strongly fastened panels and great iron crossbars."

6.3.11 "On the ramparts stand great and powerful stone-throwing machines, by which any enemy force that arrives there is driven back."

6.3.12 "At the gates, dreadful śataghnis — heavy iron-bolt engines — forged of black iron, sharp and burnished, are ranged by the hundreds, mounted by warrior bands of rākṣasas."

6.3.13 "She has a great golden rampart, hard to assail, whose interstices are inlaid with gems, coral, vaidūrya, and pearls."

6.3.14 "All around are great and terrifying moats, auspicious and vast, filled with cool water, fathomless, and inhabited by crocodiles and fish."

6.3.15 "Over those moats are four very long drawbridges fitted with many great and tightly jointed mechanisms."

6.3.16 "Those drawbridges are raised for defense when an enemy army approaches, and by those mechanisms they are dropped all around into the moats."

6.3.17 "But one bridge is immovable and strong, exceedingly firm and massive, adorned with many golden pillars and parapets."

6.3.18 "Rāvaṇa himself, O Rāma, is gifted by nature with martial spirit — ever roused and vigilant in the inspection of his forces."

6.3.19 "The city of Laṅkā is self-sustaining, a fortress of the gods, fearsome; she has all four kinds of natural fortification: riverine, mountainous, forest-based, and artificial."

6.3.20 "She stands on the far shore of the ocean whose opposite shore is far away, O Rāghava; there is no sea-road to her, and she is inaccessible from every direction."

6.3.21 "That fortress-city is built on the summit of a mountain, comparable to the city of the gods, filled with horses and elephants; Laṅkā is supremely difficult to conquer."

6.3.22 "Iron crossbars, śataghnis, and various war-engines adorn the city of Laṅkā belonging to Rāvaṇa, that evil-souled one."

6.3.23 "At the western gate ten thousand rākṣasas are stationed — all of them wielding spears and hard to assail, foremost swordsmen."

6.3.24 "A hundred thousand rākṣasas are stationed at the southern gate — warriors with a four-fold army, and peerless combatants there as well."

6.3.25 "A million rākṣasas are posted at the eastern gate — all bearing shields and swords, and all of them skilled in every weapon."

6.3.26 "Ten million rākṣasas are stationed at the northern gate — charioteers and cavalry, all of them nobly born and highly honored."

6.3.27 "At the central garrison a hundred times a hundred thousand — that is, more than a crore — of yātudhānas, hard to assail, are posted."

6.3.28 "Those drawbridges I have broken, the moats I have filled up, the city of Laṅkā I have burned, and the ramparts I have shattered."

6.3.29 "Whatever route we take to cross the abode of Varuṇa, let it be settled among the monkeys that the city of Laṅkā is as good as slain."

6.3.30 "Aṅgada, Dvivida, Mainda, Jāmbavān, Panasa, Nala, and Nīla the general — with these remaining forces, what more do you need?"

6.3.31 "Leaping across, they will go to that great city of Rāvaṇa — ramparts, mansions and all — and bring back the Maithilī."

6.3.32 "Therefore, command quickly the full muster of the army and, choosing an auspicious hour, authorize the departure."

6.4.1 Having heard Hanūmat's words duly and in proper order, the greatly resplendent Rāma, whose valour is true, then spoke.

6.4.2 "That city of Laṅkā belonging to that fearsome rākṣasa, which you describe to me — I shall swiftly destroy it. This I say to you as truth."

6.4.3 "In this very moment, O Sugrīva, I choose to set out on the march. The hour is auspicious for victory; the sun has reached the meridian."

6.4.4 "Today is Uttara-Phalgunī; tomorrow the moon will be joined with Hastā. Let us set forth, O Sugrīva, encompassed by all our army divisions."

6.4.5 "And the auspicious omens that are manifesting before me — slaying Rāvaṇa, I shall bring back Sītā, the daughter of Janaka."

6.4.6 "Indeed, this upper eye of mine, twitching as it is, seems to herald my victory and the fulfilment of my heart's desire."

6.4.7 "Let Nīla go in advance of this army to reconnoitre the route, attended by a hundred thousand swift monkeys."

6.4.8 "O Nīla, O general, lead the army swiftly by a path furnished with fruits and roots, with cool woodland streams, and abounding in honey."

6.4.9 "Wicked rākṣasas may defile the roots, fruits, and water along the route; guard against them, remaining ever vigilant."

6.4.10 "Forest-dwellers lurking in ravines, woodland strongholds, and forests might spring forward and scout out the slaughter of our army by the enemy."

6.4.11 "Let the mighty lion-monkeys draw forth the fearsome vanguard, which resembles the flood of the ocean, by the hundreds and by the thousands."

6.4.12 "Let Gaja, who resembles a mountain, and the great-spirited Gavaya, and Gavākṣa march in front, like lordly bulls at the head of a herd of cattle."

6.4.13 "Let Ṛṣabha, the lord of leaping monkeys, that bull among monkeys, guard the right flank of the monkey host as it advances."

6.4.14 "Let swift Gandhamādana — fierce as a rutting elephant — take up his post guarding the left flank of the monkey army."

6.4.15 "I shall march in the midst of the army, gladdening the flood of warriors, mounted upon Hanūmat as Indra rides upon Airāvata."

6.4.16 "Let Lakṣmaṇa, who equals Death, advance with Aṅgada — as the lord of beings and the lord of wealth ride with the universal sovereign."

6.4.17 "And let those three — Jāmbavān, Suṣeṇa, and the monkey Vegadarśī, the mighty king of bears — protect the flanks of the army."

6.4.18 Having heard the words of Rāghava, Sugrīva, lord of the army and bull among monkeys, assigned posts to the exceedingly valiant monkeys.

6.4.19 Then all those eager-for-battle monkey hosts swiftly leapt up from caves and mountain peaks and bounded forward.

6.4.20 Then righteous Rāma, honoured by the monkey king and by Lakṣmaṇa, set forth with his army toward the southern quarter.

6.4.21 He marched then encompassed by monkeys resembling elephants, in their hundreds, their hundreds of thousands, their tens of millions, and their ten thousands.

6.4.22 The great monkey army followed behind him as he marched.

6.4.23 Joyful and exultant, all guarded by Sugrīva, the leaping monkeys bounded, leapt, roared, shrieked, and howled as they marched indeed toward the southern quarter.

6.4.24 Eating fragrant honeycombs and fruits, carrying large trees whose blossoms clustered in dense masses,

6.4.25 suddenly spotting one another they dashed and flung each other about; some fell and others leapt up, and still others knocked their companions to the ground.

6.4.26 "Rāvaṇa must be slain by us, and all the night-roaming rākṣasas too" — thus the monkeys roared in the presence of Rāghava.

6.4.27 In the van, the heroic Ṛṣabha and Nīla and also Kumuda were clearing the route together with many monkeys.

6.4.28 In the centre were King Sugrīva, Rāma, and Lakṣmaṇa — slayers of foes — surrounded by many powerful warriors.

6.4.29 The heroic monkey Śatabali, attended by ten crores of soldiers, guarded the entire monkey host single-handedly with his firm grasp.

6.4.30 Kesarī, Panasa, Gaja, and the exceedingly mighty Arka, attended by a hundred crores, guarded one flank of the army.

6.4.31 Suṣeṇa and Jāmbavān, surrounded by many bears, placed Sugrīva in front and together guarded the rear of the army.

6.4.32 Their general, heroic Nīla — bull among monkeys, foremost of leapers — guarded that army as it surged forward.

6.4.33 Darīmukha, Prajaṅgha, Jambha, and the monkey Rabhasa — those heroes went on every side urging the monkey soldiers onward.

6.4.34 Moving thus, those tiger-monkeys, swelling with strength, beheld the foremost of mountains, the Sahya, covered with trees and creepers.

6.4.35 That great, fearsome monkey army, resembling the flood of the ocean, poured forth with a tremendous roar, like the ocean with its terrifying momentum.

6.4.36 Those heroic elephant-like monkeys at the side of Daśaratha's son all leapt forward rapidly, like noble steeds urged on.

6.4.37 Borne by the two monkeys, those two bulls among men shone gloriously — as though the moon and the sun were touched by two great sea-monsters.

6.4.38 Then Lakṣmaṇa, riding on Aṅgada, addressed Rāma in auspicious words — he who was full of purposeful thought, possessed of memory, and ready of wit.

6.4.39 "Having recovered Vaidehī who was taken, and having slain Rāvaṇa, you shall return with accomplished purpose to Ayodhyā, which likewise waits with accomplished purpose."

6.4.40 "O Rāghava, I see great and auspicious omens in the sky and upon the earth — all of them heralding the accomplishment of your purpose."

6.4.41 "An auspicious breeze, gentle and pleasant, blows after the army; and these deer and birds cry out in full, sweet voices."

6.4.42 "All the quarters are serene; the sun shines clear and unclouded; and Venus — of brilliant, cloudless flame — follows behind you."

6.4.43 "The cluster of Brahmā shines pure; the great seers shine pure and radiant; all of them blaze forth steadily in the auspicious rightward direction."

6.4.44 "Triśaṅku the royal sage, together with his priest, shines without blemish — that most excellent ancestral star of our great-souled Ikṣvākus."

6.4.45 "Viśākhā also shines bright and undimmed, without affliction — that supreme constellation of our great-souled Ikṣvāku line."

6.4.46 "The constellation of the rākṣasas, Nairṛta, is tormented; Mūla, their own natal star, is afflicted and scorched by a comet with a smoky tail."

6.4.47 "This portends the destruction of the rākṣasas — whose time has come, seized by Death — their star tormented by a planet."

6.4.48 "The divine waters are pure and the rivers are serene; the forests are fruit-laden; fragrances waft most abundantly; trees bloom as in their proper season."

6.4.49 "The arrayed monkey armies blaze brilliantly, O master, like the armies of the gods in the war against Tārakā."

6.4.50 "Having observed all these omens, O noble one, you ought to be joyful." Thus Saumitri, himself elated, spoke these words to reassure his brother.

6.4.51 Then the great host, covering the entire earth, marched onward — accompanied by tiger-bears and tiger-monkeys, armed with claws and fangs.

6.4.52 The dust raised by the tips of the monkeys' hands and feet swallowed the earth, blocking the sun's radiance and enshrouding the world.

6.4.53 That great monkey army marched day and night — a force joyful and exultant, guarded by Sugrīva.

6.4.54 All the monkeys pressed forward swiftly, rejoicing in battle, eager to free Sītā — not halting anywhere even for a moment.

6.4.55 Then they reached the Sahya mountain, thick with trees and teeming with diverse animals, and also the great earth-bearing Malaya.

6.4.56 Even while beholding the variegated forests and the river-springs of Sahya and of Malaya, Rāma pressed on.

6.4.57 The leaping monkeys broke campaka trees, tilaka trees, mango trees, aśoka trees, sinduvāra trees, karavīra trees, and timiśa trees.

6.4.58 The powerful monkeys there consumed fruits with the fragrance of ambrosia, roots, and blossoms of the trees.

6.4.59 Those tawny-brown monkeys, joyful and of a golden hue, marched on drinking honeycombs the size of a droṇa measure that hung pendant from the branches.

6.4.60 The bull-monkeys pressed forward, breaking trees, tearing down creepers, and toppling mountain-boulders.

6.4.61 Other monkeys roared in the trees, drunk with honey; others ran to the trees and still others fell from them.

6.4.62 The earth was filled by those bull-monkeys — like the earth covered with fields of fully bloomed lotuses.

6.4.63 Then reaching Mount Mahendra, lotus-eyed Rāma, long-armed, ascended the summit adorned with trees.

6.4.64 Having climbed the summit, Rāma the son of Daśaratha beheld the expanse of waters teeming with tortoises and fish.

6.4.65 Passing beyond the Sahya and the great mountain Malaya, they reached in due course the ocean, roaring with a terrifying sound.

6.4.66 Rāma — foremost among those who bring delight — descended swiftly and came with Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa to the incomparable shore-forest.

6.4.67 Then, having reached the broad shoreline — its rocky surface washed by the sudden surges of water — Rāma spoke these words.

6.4.68 "We have now reached, O Sugrīva, the abode of Varuṇa. Here now arises that anxiety which did not arise before."

6.4.69 "Yonder is the far shore — this ocean, lord of rivers. And this sea cannot be crossed without a means."

6.4.70 "Therefore let the encampment be made here and let counsel be taken here — such that this monkey army may reach the far shore."

6.4.71 Speaking thus, long-armed Rāma — worn by grief over Sītā's abduction — upon reaching the ocean ordered the camp to be established.

6.4.72 "The time for counsel has arrived for us regarding the crossing of this ocean. Let each corps be dismissed to its own position; let no one stray in any direction. Let the heroic monkeys go and reconnoitre; the hidden dangers facing us must be known."

6.4.73 Having heard the words of Rāma, Sugrīva together with Lakṣmaṇa encamped the army on the tree-covered shore of the ocean.

6.4.74 That army, encamped near the ocean, blazed in splendour — like a second ocean, its waters pale gold as honey.

6.4.75 Then those bull-monkeys, having come to the shore-forest, settled down there, yearning for the far shore of the great deep.

6.4.76 That monkey army, having reached the great ocean and joyful, gazed upon the great ocean tossed by the force of the wind.

6.4.77 Gazing upon the abode of Varuṇa — its far shore distant, its expanse unobstructed, haunted by hosts of rākṣasas — the monkey troop-leaders sat down.

6.4.78 Fearsome with its violent crocodiles and sea-monsters, churned at the close of day and at moonrise, roiling with moon-halos,

6.4.79 scattered with monstrous sea-beasts lashed by fierce winds, strewn with timitimiṅgila creatures — the abode of Varuṇa seemed blanketed with serpents of blazing coils.

6.4.80 Plunged into by great creatures, filled with many underwater mountains, difficult to ford, treacherous, pathless, fathomless — that dwelling of the asuras.

6.4.81 Churned by makara sea-dragons and serpent coils, reddened by the wind — great masses of water rose up and fell down.

6.4.82 As if scattered with fire-powder, dazzling with the sun's reflections — the charming realm of the sun's enemy, fearsome, forever rendered rough by the underworld.

6.4.83 The ocean appeared like the sky and the sky appeared like the ocean — ocean and sky appeared indistinguishable from one another.

6.4.84 The waters were merged with the sky and the sky was merged with the waters; in that aspect they appeared alike — the stars mingled with the jewels.

6.4.85 Between the ocean with its billowing clouds and its rows of wave-garlands and the sky, no distinction could be made.

6.4.86 The waves of the ocean-king, crashing against one another and intertwined, rang out with terrifying sounds — like great war-drums in battle.

6.4.87 Resounding with the rush of jewel-strewn waters, as if lashed by the wind, as if leaping in rage, teeming with hosts of sea-creatures,

6.4.88 those great-souled heroes beheld the water-abode battered by the wind, as if hurled into the sky by the wind, as if bounding up with its waves — the ocean seemingly churning with the roar of its swirling, wave-tossed waters.

6.5.1 Then that army, with its proper guard duly arranged by Nīla, was well encamped on the northern shore of the ocean.

6.5.2 And both Mainda and Dvivida — those two bull-monkeys — roamed in every direction around that army for its protection.

6.5.3 When the army had encamped on the shore of the lord of rivers and lakes, Rāma, seeing Lakṣmaṇa at his side, spoke these words.

6.5.4 "They say that grief passes away with the passage of time; but mine, as I do not see my beloved, grows greater day by day."

6.5.5 "It is not that my beloved is far — that does not grieve me. It is not that she was taken — that does not grieve me. This alone is what I lament: her youth is passing away."

6.5.6 "Blow, O wind, from wherever that maiden is — touching her, touch me also. Through you I have contact with her body; through the moon I have a meeting of eyes."

6.5.7 "That burns my limbs like poison swallowed and lodged within me — what my beloved cried to me as she was being carried off: 'O my lord!'"

6.5.8 "Fed by that separation as by fuel, blazing with great flames of thought of her, by night and by day my body is consumed by the fire of love."

6.5.9 "I shall plunge into the ocean and sleep, O Saumitri, apart from you; perhaps the blazing passion might burn me even as I lie submerged in the water."

6.5.10 "There is much to sustain life for one who still desires — by this alone: that I and she of beautiful thighs are supported by one and the same earth."

6.5.11 "As a dry field lives by the moisture of the irrigated field beside it, so I live by the mere proximity of her vitality — for I hear that she is alive."

6.5.12 "When indeed shall I see fair-hipped Sītā — her eyes as wide as lotus petals — radiant as Śrī, after vanquishing my enemies?"

6.5.13 "When shall I, like a sick man drinking an elixir, drink from her face which is like a lotus, lifting it gently upward — from those beautiful lips red as the bimba fruit?"

6.5.14 "When indeed shall those two firm, full breasts of hers — resembling the fruits of the tāla palm — trembling, embrace me as she laughs?"

6.5.15 "She — that dark-eyed one with the long eyes, virtuous though surrounded by rākṣasas, who calls me her lord — no doubt finds no protector, as though she were lordless."

6.5.16 "When shall she, shaking off the rākṣasas and rising up free of them, soar aloft — as the crescent moon in autumn shakes free of blue storm-clouds?"

6.5.17 "Sītā, naturally slender, is surely grown yet more slender still through grief and fasting — and by the reversal of her rightful place and season."

6.5.18 "When indeed shall I, having fixed my arrows in the breast of the rākṣasa king, bring Sītā back and cast off this grief from my mind?"

6.5.19 "When indeed shall chaste Sītā — resembling the daughter of the immortals, filled with longing — cling to my neck and shed tears born of joy?"

6.5.20 "When shall I suddenly shed this dreadful grief born of separation from the Maithilī — as one sheds a white garment that has turned otherwise?"

6.5.21 While wise Rāma lamented thus at that place, the sun, his body dimming at the end of the day, descended to the west.

6.5.22 Comforted by Lakṣmaṇa, Rāma performed the evening rites — remembering Sītā of lotus-petal eyes, overwhelmed by grief.

6.6.1 In Laṅkā, having witnessed the fearsome, life-threatening deed wrought by Hanūmat — as by great-souled Śakra himself — the rākṣasa king, his face turned slightly downward in shame, addressed all his rākṣasas.

6.6.2 "Laṅkā, this city so difficult to assail, has been violated and penetrated — by a mere monkey, at that — and Sītā, daughter of Janaka, was seen."

6.6.3 "The pleasure-grove was ravaged, the sacred shrine was violated, eminent rākṣasas were slain, and all of Laṅkā was thrown into turmoil — all by Hanūmat."

6.6.4 "What shall I do? May good befall you all. What is the right course to follow now? Tell me what is fitting — let that be done which, having been done, will prove well done."

6.6.5 "The noble and wise declare that victory has counsel as its root; therefore I choose indeed to take counsel, O mighty ones, regarding Rāma."

6.6.6 "Men in the world are of three kinds — the highest, the lowest, and the middling; of these gathered together I shall speak of their virtues and defects."

6.6.7 "He who, together with counsellors who are well-disposed and capable in resolving deliberations — or with friends of equal purpose, or even with well-wishing kinsmen —"

6.6.8 "— deliberates and then sets forth his undertakings, and also makes effort in what pertains to fate — him they call the highest of men."

6.6.9 "He who deliberates alone on matters of interest, alone sets his mind on dharma, and alone performs his tasks — him they call the middling man."

6.6.10 "He who, without determining the merits and defects, abandoning recourse to the divine, neglects his task with the word 'I shall act' — he is the lowest of men."

6.6.11 "Just as men are forever of three kinds — highest, lowest, and middling — so too counsel itself must be understood to be highest, lowest, and middling."

6.6.12 "Counsel wherein the counsellors, having arrived at unity by means of the eye of śāstra, come to a settled conclusion — that they call the highest counsel."

6.6.13 "Counsel wherein the counsellors, even after many opinions have been advanced in determining what is beneficial, yet again arrive at a single conclusion — that is remembered as middling counsel."

6.6.14 "Counsel wherein each upholds his own opinion and speaks against the others, where there is no good outcome in any unity of view — that counsel is called the lowest."

6.6.15 "Therefore, O foremost of counsellors, let you all well deliberate and agree upon what should be done — this is the most urgent matter for me."

6.6.16 "Rāma, surrounded by thousands of heroic monkeys, is advancing upon our city of Laṅkā — he who would lay siege to us."

6.6.17 "And Rāghava shall most certainly cross the ocean with ease — with fitting swiftness, together with his brother and followed by his army."

6.6.18 "With affairs having reached this pass — opposed by the monkeys — let everything beneficial for the city and for the army be deliberated thoroughly on my behalf."

6.7.1 Having been thus addressed by the lord of rākṣasas, those mighty rākṣasas all spoke with folded hands to Rāvaṇa, the lord of rākṣasas.

6.7.2 O king, our great army is filled with iron clubs, spears, javelins, tridents, and broadswords — why then does despondency overtake you?

6.7.3 Kubera, who dwelt on the peak of Kailāsa surrounded by many yakṣas, was reduced to your subjection after great slaughter was wrought.

6.7.4 That guardian of the world, boasting of his friendship with Maheśvara, was defeated by you in fury in battle, O mighty one.

6.7.5 Having slain the hosts of yakṣas, having routed and seized them, you brought away this aerial chariot from the peak of Kailāsa.

6.7.6 Maya, the lord of dānavas, desiring alliance out of fear of you, gave his daughter to be your wife, O bull among rākṣasas.

6.7.7 Madhu by name, the lord of dānavas, proud of his valour and hard to withstand, was seized and brought under your control — he who was the source of joy to Kumbhīnasī.

6.7.8 The nāgas who had retreated to the netherworld were defeated by you, O great-armed one; Vāsuki, Takṣaka, Śaṅkha, and Jaṭī were brought under your subjection.

6.7.9 Those dānavas who are inexhaustible, powerful, heroic, and doubly blessed with boons — you fought them in battle for a full year, O mighty one.

6.7.10 Relying on your own strength, they were brought to subjection, O slayer of foes; and many magical powers were also obtained there, O lord of rākṣasas.

6.7.11 The heroic and mighty sons of Varuṇa, followed by their fourfold armies, were defeated by you in battle, O great-armed one.

6.7.12 Having plunged into the ocean of Yama's army — terrible as the great crocodile of death's rod, adorned by the Śālmalī island — O king,

6.7.13 great victory was obtained and death itself was repelled; by your glorious fighting all the worlds there were thoroughly gratified.

6.7.14 The earth was filled with many heroic kṣatriyas of valour equal to Śakra, like great trees filling a forest.

6.7.15 Those supremely hard-to-conquer ones, in whose might, virtue, and energy Rāghava has no equal in battle — they were forcibly slain by you, O king.

6.7.16 O king, this calamity that has come from an ordinary mortal is unworthy of concern; do not take it to heart — you shall slay Rāghava.

6.8.1 Then Prahasta, a rākṣasa dark as a rain-cloud, that hero who was commander of the army, spoke with folded hands:

6.8.2 Gods, dānavas, gandharvas, piśācas, birds, and serpents are incapable of assailing you — much less vānaras in battle.

6.8.3 All of us were careless and unsuspecting; we were deceived by Hanūmat. That forest-dweller shall not escape alive while I live.

6.8.4 I shall make all the earth up to the ocean, with its mountains, forests, and groves, free of vānaras — let your lordship command me.

6.8.5 I shall also provide protection from the vānaras, O ranger of the night; no grief arising from your own fault shall come upon you.

6.8.6 Then Durmukha, a rākṣasa in violent rage, declared: "This affront to all of us is truly intolerable —

6.8.7 this further insult to the prosperous lord of rākṣasas and to the city and its inner chambers — the brazen affront of the lord of vānaras.

6.8.8 In this very moment I shall slay the vānaras — whether they have entered the terrible sea, the sky, or the netherworld — and return alone."

6.8.9 Then Vajradaṃṣṭra, immensely strong and in violent rage, seizing a dreadful iron club reddened with flesh and blood, spoke:

6.8.10 "What need have you of that wretched, hapless Hanūmat? While formidable Rāma stands firm with Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa,

6.8.11 today I shall come back alone, having routed the army of vānaras and slain Rāma with Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa with my iron club."

6.8.12 Then Nikumbha, the heroic and mighty son of Kumbhakarṇa, in supreme fury, spoke to Rāvaṇa, the one who makes the world cry:

6.8.13 "Let all of you remain assembled together with the great king; I alone shall slay Rāghava with Lakṣmaṇa."

6.8.14 Then Vajrahanu, a rākṣasa like a mountain, enraged and licking his mouth with his tongue, spoke:

6.8.15 "Let your lordships attend freely to your affairs without anxiety; I alone shall devour all those chiefs of vānara troops."

6.8.16 "Be at ease, take sport without care, drink honey-wine; I alone shall slay Sugrīva with Lakṣmaṇa, and Aṅgada, Hanūmat, and Rāma, the elephant of the battlefield."

6.9.1 Then Nikumbha, Rabhasas, Sūryaśatru the mighty, Suptaghna, Yajñakopa, Mahāpārśva, and Mahodara —

6.9.2 Agniketu the fierce, Raśmiketu the rākṣasa, and Indrajit of great splendour, the powerful son of Rāvaṇa —

6.9.3 Prahasta, Virūpākṣa, Vajradaṃṣṭra the mighty, Dhūmrākṣa, Atikāya, and Durmukha the rākṣasa —

6.9.4 seizing iron clubs, broadswords, lances, spears, tridents, battle-axes, bows with arrows, and large sharp swords,

6.9.5 those rākṣasas, in supreme fury, leaping up and blazing as if with energy, all spoke to Rāvaṇa:

6.9.6 "Today we shall slay Rāma, Sugrīva with Lakṣmaṇa, and the wretched Hanūmat by whom Laṅkā was violated."

6.9.7 Having restrained all of them who had taken up weapons, Vibhīṣaṇa made them sit down again and spoke with folded hands:

6.9.8 "Dear one, the goal which cannot be attained by the three means — conciliation, gifts, and sowing division — has its proper times for the use of force, as the wise declare.

6.9.9 Feats of force succeed, dear one, when performed after due deliberation and in accordance with proper method, against those who are careless, beset by enemies, or struck down by fate.

6.9.10 But how do you wish to assault him who is vigilant, who desires victory, who stands firm in strength, who has conquered his wrath, and who is hard to assail?

6.9.11 Having crossed the terrible ocean, lord of rivers and streams — who could have imagined the feat accomplished by Hanūmat?

6.9.12 The strength and valour of enemies are immeasurable, O rangers of the night; sudden contempt for them must not be shown under any circumstances.

6.9.13 And moreover, what wrong was previously done to Rāma, the glorious one, by the king of rākṣasas — whose wife was carried away from Janasthāna?

6.9.14 If Khara overstepped and was slain by Rāma in battle, the lives of living beings must surely be protected to the best of one's ability.

6.9.15 On account of this, the greatest fear would befall us; the abducted Vaidehī should be surrendered — why perpetuate a quarrel that has been provoked?

6.9.16 It is not fitting for us to wage a pointless war against that valiant one who follows righteousness; let Maithilī be given to him.

6.9.17 Before he shatters the city — with its elephants, horses, and abundant treasures — with his arrows, let Maithilī be given to him.

6.9.18 Before his terrible, great, and invincible army of vānaras descends upon our Laṅkā, let Sītā be given back.

6.9.19 For the city of Laṅkā and all the heroic rākṣasas will surely perish if the beloved wife of Rāma is not willingly given back.

6.9.20 I implore you out of kinship — act upon my words; I speak what is beneficial and wholesome: let Maithilī be given to him.

6.9.21 Before the prince releases upon you his unfailing arrows — bright as the rays of the autumn sun, freshly fletched, well-strung — for your destruction, let Maithilī be given to the son of Daśaratha.

6.9.22 Abandon wrath, which destroys happiness and righteousness; embrace righteousness, which increases joy and fame; be gracious — let us live with our sons and kinsmen; let Maithilī be given to the son of Daśaratha.

6.10.1 To Vibhīṣaṇa, who had spoken words firmly grounded and well-meaning, Rāvaṇa — urged on by fate — spoke harsh words in return.

6.10.2 One might dwell with a rival, or even with an enraged venomous serpent, but one should never live with a pretended friend who serves the enemy.

6.10.3 I know the nature of kinsmen in all the worlds, O Rākṣasa — kinsmen always rejoice in the misfortunes of their own kin.

6.10.4 Those who are eminent, capable, skilled, or virtuous in conduct, O Rākṣasa — kinsmen despise them and treat even the brave with contempt.

6.10.5 Forever rejoicing in one another's afflictions, perpetrators of harm, concealing their hearts — kinsmen are terrible and cause fear.

6.10.6 Certain verses are said to have been sung by elephants somewhere in a lotus-forest, upon seeing men with nooses in their hands — hear them as I recite them.

6.10.7 Neither fire, nor other weapons, nor nooses are what we fear — but kinsmen, terrible and acting from self-interest, are what truly frighten us.

6.10.8 They will tell others the means of our capture — of that there is no doubt; it is known to us that, among all fears, fear from kinsmen is the most terrible.

6.10.9 Abundance is found in cattle, self-restraint in Brāhmaṇas, fickleness in women — and danger is found from one's own kinsmen.

6.10.10 Therefore, O gentle one, what is unwelcome to you is that I am honored in the world, that I am born of noble lineage, and that I stand with my foot on the heads of my enemies.

6.10.11 Were another to speak such words, O night-wanderer, he would not survive this moment — but shame on you, O defiler of your lineage!

6.10.12 Having been thus spoken to so harshly, Vibhīṣaṇa — the speaker of righteousness — rose up into the air, mace in hand, together with four Rākṣasas.

6.10.13 And then Vibhīṣaṇa — glorious, his anger now roused, stationed in the sky — spoke these words to his brother, the lord of Rākṣasas.

6.10.14 You are my brother, O King — say to me whatever you wish; but these harsh words of yours, untrue as they are, I cannot forgive.

6.10.15 The well-reasoned counsel spoken out of goodwill is not heeded by those of unformed souls who have come under the sway of Time, O ten-faced one.

6.10.16 Men who always speak pleasant things are easily found, O King; but one who speaks — or is willing to hear — what is unpleasant yet beneficial is rare.

6.10.17 I cannot stand by and watch you perish, bound in the noose of Time that carries off all beings, any more than one could ignore a burning dwelling.

6.10.18 I do not wish to see you struck down by Rāma's arrows — those bright shafts blazing like fire and adorned with golden ornaments.

6.10.19 Those who are brave, powerful, and skilled in arms on the field of battle — when fate overtakes them, they collapse like bridges of sand.

6.10.20 Protect yourself in every way, and this city along with all the Rākṣasas. Fare you well — I shall depart. Be happy without me.

6.10.21 When I, acting from goodwill, tried to restrain you, my counsel did not please you, O night-wanderer; for men whose time is run and whose life is spent do not accept benefit though offered by friends.

6.11.1 Having spoken these harsh words to Rāvaṇa, Rāvaṇa's younger brother came in a short time to where Rāma was, together with Lakṣmaṇa.

6.11.2 Those lords of monkeys standing on the earth beheld him stationed in the sky — massive as the peak of Meru, blazing like a bolt of lightning.

6.11.3 Seeing him together with four others as a group of five, Sugrīva — the irresistible lord of monkeys — pondered the matter with the other monkeys, being wise.

6.11.4 Having reflected for a moment, he spoke this excellent speech to all those monkeys, with Hanūmat foremost among them.

6.11.5 This Rākṣasa, bearing all weapons, advances with four Rākṣasas — see! He comes to kill us, there is no doubt.

6.11.6 Hearing Sugrīva's words, all those foremost of monkeys, raising sāla trees and boulders, spoke these words.

6.11.7 Quickly direct us, O King, to slay these wicked-souled ones — let these short-lived beings fall dead to the earth.

6.11.8 While they were thus talking among themselves, Vibhīṣaṇa reached the far shore and stood there, still stationed in the sky.

6.11.9 And Vibhīṣaṇa, greatly wise and great in stature, still stationed in the sky, looked at Sugrīva and those others, and spoke in a mighty voice.

6.11.10 There is a Rākṣasa of wicked conduct named Rāvaṇa, lord of Rākṣasas — I am his younger brother, known as Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.11.11 By him Sītā was carried off from Janasthāna, after slaying Jaṭāyu; she is confined, helpless and wretched, closely guarded by Rākṣasī women.

6.11.12 I remonstrated with him through reasoned arguments and various counsels, again and again: 'Let Sītā be properly restored to Rāma.'

6.11.13 But he, Rāvaṇa, driven by fate, did not accept the beneficial counsel being offered to him — as though it were a bitter medicine.

6.11.14 I, having been spoken to harshly by him and humiliated like a slave, abandoning sons and wife, have taken refuge with Rāghava.

6.11.15 Report to the great-souled Rāghava, the refuge of all worlds, that Vibhīṣaṇa stands present before him and seeks shelter, quickly.

6.11.16 Having heard these words, Sugrīva of swift valor spoke these agitated words to Rāma in the presence of Lakṣmaṇa.

6.11.17 One who is known as Vibhīṣaṇa, the younger brother of Rāvaṇa, together with four Rākṣasas has taken refuge with you, my lord.

6.11.18 Know this Vibhīṣaṇa to be a spy sent by Rāvaṇa — I consider his arrest to be fitting, O best of the forbearing.

6.11.19 This Rākṣasa, directed by a crooked mind, has presented himself — concealed by illusion — to strike once you trust him, O Rāghava.

6.11.20 Let him be seized with severe punishment, along with his counselors — for this is Vibhīṣaṇa, the brother of the cruel Rāvaṇa.

6.11.21 Having spoken thus to Rāma, the agitated commander of the army — himself skilled in speech and knowing the value of words — then fell silent.

6.11.22 Hearing that speech of Sugrīva, Rāma of great might spoke thus to the monkeys nearby, with Hanūmat foremost among them.

6.11.23 What the king of monkeys has said regarding the younger brother of Rāvaṇa — those well-reasoned words of great weight — you all have heard them.

6.11.24 In difficult situations, it is fitting even for a capable and wise friend of good character who desires lasting well-being to offer counsel.

6.11.25 Thus questioned, each of them, without delay, spoke their own opinion to Rāma with due courtesy, each desiring his welfare.

6.11.26 Nothing in the three worlds is unknown to you, O Rāghava — honoring us, O Rāma, you ask us out of friendship.

6.11.27 You are true to your vow, heroic, righteous, of firm valor — you act only after examining, you are mindful, and you give yourself fully to your friends.

6.11.28 Therefore, let your counselors speak one by one, those endowed with sound judgment and capable, with reasons, time and again.

6.11.29 When Rāghava had spoken thus, the wise monkey Aṅgada spoke first, for the purpose of examining Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.11.30 One who has come from the side of the enemy is in every way suspect — Vibhīṣaṇa should not hastily be made worthy of trust.

6.11.31 Those of deceitful mind move about having concealed their true intent, and they strike at moments of vulnerability — that calamity would be very great.

6.11.32 Having carefully weighed benefit and harm, one should adopt a course of action — accept someone on the strength of virtues, and reject on account of faults.

6.11.33 If the fault in him is great, let him be cast away without hesitation; or if many virtues are recognized, let acceptance be made, O King.

6.11.34 Then Śarabha, having reflected, spoke words full of meaning: 'Quickly, O tiger among men, let a spy be employed concerning him.'

6.11.35 Having properly set a spy of subtle intelligence, and having examined him thoroughly, then let reception of him be made as is proper.

6.11.36 Then Jāmbavān, discerning, examining with the intelligence of the śāstras, presented a speech full of virtue and free from fault.

6.11.37 Vibhīṣaṇa has come from a sworn enemy and an evil lord of Rākṣasas, arriving at an unsuitable time and place — let him be regarded with suspicion in every way.

6.11.38 Then Mainda, skilled in right and wrong policy, eloquent in speech, after deliberation, spoke words even more reasoned.

6.11.39 This Vibhīṣaṇa is, they say, merely a spokesman for Rāvaṇa — let him be questioned gently and with sweet words, O lord of foremost men.

6.11.40 Having learned his intent, you will then act in accordance with the truth — if he is seen to be innocent or guilty, do so with deliberate mind, O bull among men.

6.11.41 Then Hanūmān, foremost of counselors and endowed with refinement, spoke words that were smooth, meaningful, sweet, and concise.

6.11.42 Even Bṛhaspati himself, were he to speak, would not be able to surpass you — best of minds, most capable, foremost among speakers.

6.11.43 Neither for argument nor contention, neither from pride nor personal desire, will I speak, O King — I will speak truly out of reverence for Rāma.

6.11.44 In what has been said by your counselors on the grounds of benefit and harm, I see a fault — for the proposed course of action does not follow.

6.11.45 Without commission of a task, capability cannot be known — hasty deployment appears to me to be flawed.

6.11.46 What your counselors said — that deployment of a spy is fitting — the reason for that does not hold, given that the goal cannot be achieved thereby.

6.11.47 As for the charge that Vibhīṣaṇa has arrived at an unsuitable time and place — I have something to say about that; hear it as I understand it.

6.11.48 That very place and time become what they become depending on the person encountered; and so too do virtues and faults, passing from person to person.

6.11.49 Having seen the wickedness of Rāvaṇa, and likewise your own valor, his coming here is fitting and consistent with his own discernment.

6.11.50 Regarding what was said — 'Let him be questioned by men in disguised form' — I have a considered opinion about that, upon reflection.

6.11.51 A wise man, when questioned suddenly with suspicion, might speak guardedly — and thereby a friend who came in good faith would be alienated by false questioning.

6.11.52 It is not possible, O King, to know another's inner disposition suddenly — rather, it is by those inner traits that are revealed that one skilled in discernment perceives it deeply.

6.11.53 But even as he speaks, no wickedness of disposition is ever discernible in him — his countenance is serene — and therefore I have no doubt.

6.11.54 One of undisturbed mind, at ease — a deceitful person does not move about in such a manner; his speech too is not crooked — and therefore there is no doubt here.

6.11.55 Demeanor, even when one attempts to conceal it, cannot be fully hidden — it forcibly reveals the inner disposition of men.

6.11.56 An action suited to place and time, O best of those who know what must be done, when undertaken with purposeful application, quickly bears fruit.

6.11.57 Having seen your resolve, having seen Rāvaṇa's false conduct, and having heard of the slaying of Vālin and the consecration of Sugrīva —

6.11.58 — desiring a kingdom, he has come here with considered intent; keeping all this in view, his acceptance is appropriate.

6.11.59 What I have said to the best of my ability regarding the Rākṣasa's sincerity — you are the authority for the rest, O best of the wise, having heard it.

6.12.1 Then Rāma — of serene spirit, irresistible, learned, and established in his own self — having heard the son of the Wind, replied.

6.12.2 I too have something to say regarding Vibhīṣaṇa — I wish to hear all of that from you who stand in what is good.

6.12.3 One who has come in the spirit of friendship I would not abandon under any circumstances — even if fault there be in him, this is not censured among the good.

6.12.4 Hearing Rāma's words, Sugrīva — lord of the leaping monkeys — spoke back to the scion of Kākutstha, impelled by warm affection.

6.12.5 What is remarkable in this, O knower of dharma, O crest-jewel of the lords of the world, that you, possessed of true being and standing on the noble path, should speak what is noble?

6.12.6 My own inner self too perceives the purity of Vibhīṣaṇa — from inference, from his disposition, he has been thoroughly examined from every angle.

6.12.7 Therefore, O Rāghava, let the greatly wise Vibhīṣaṇa quickly become our equal and let him enter into friendship with us.

6.12.8 Rāma, having heard and reflected upon that speech of Sugrīva, then spoke more auspicious words to the bull among monkeys.

6.12.9 Whether this night-wanderer be utterly wicked or free of wickedness — how could he ever be capable of doing even the slightest harm to me?

6.12.10 Piśācas, Dānavas, Yakṣas, and all the Rākṣasas on earth — I could slay all of them with the tip of my finger, were I so inclined, O lord of the monkey host.

6.12.11 It is heard that a dove, when an enemy sought refuge with him, honored the enemy properly and even invited him with portions of his own flesh.

6.12.12 That dove accepted even him who had come to carry off his wife — then what of a man of my kind, O best of monkeys?

6.12.13 Hear the verses sung of old by Kaṇḍu, son of the sage Kaṇva, that great sage, righteous and truthful in speech.

6.12.14 One should not slay a suppliant who stands with palms joined, pitiable, begging for protection, come seeking refuge — even if he be the greatest enemy — for the sake of non-cruelty, O lord of birds.

6.12.15 Whether afflicted or proud, an enemy who has taken refuge with others must be protected by one of formed soul, even at the sacrifice of his own life.

6.12.16 If he does not protect — out of fear, or delusion, or desire — to the best of his ability and in accordance with truth, that is a sin censured by the world.

6.12.17 If the refugee perishes while the protector watches, the refugee — left unprotected — departs taking with him all the merit of that protector.

6.12.18 Such is the great fault in not protecting those who have surrendered — it leads to exclusion from heaven, to disgrace, and to destruction of strength and valor.

6.12.19 I will fulfill in all truth the excellent teaching of Kaṇḍu — righteous and glorious, it shall yield the fruit of heaven when the time of fruition comes.

6.12.20 To one who has surrendered even once and cries 'I am yours' — I grant freedom from fear from all beings: this is my vow.

6.12.21 Bring him here, O best of monkeys — I have given him my assurance of safety, O Sugrīva, whether it be Vibhīṣaṇa, or even Rāvaṇa himself.

6.12.22 Then, upon hearing those words spoken by the lord of men at the urging of the lord of monkeys, the king of men swiftly went to meet Vibhīṣaṇa, as Purandara meets the king of birds.

6.13.1 When Rāghava had granted him safety, Rāvaṇa's younger brother bowed and, overjoyed, descended from the sky to the earth together with his devoted attendants.

6.13.2 That righteous Vibhīṣaṇa, seeking refuge, fell at Rāma's feet together with four rākṣasas.

6.13.3 There Vibhīṣaṇa then spoke these words to Rāma — words that were righteous, fitting, timely, and gladdening.

6.13.4 "I am the younger brother of Rāvaṇa, and by him I have been dishonoured. I have come to you for refuge — you who are the refuge of all beings."

6.13.5 "I have abandoned Laṅkā, my friends, and my wealth. My kingdom, my life, and my pleasures are all now surrendered to you."

6.13.6 "I will render assistance in the slaying of the rākṣasas and in the assault upon Laṅkā with all the strength of my life, and I will enter your army."

6.13.7 As he spoke thus, Rāma embraced Vibhīṣaṇa and, filled with joy, said to Lakṣmaṇa: "Bring water from the ocean."

6.13.8 "With it, quickly anoint this greatly wise Vibhīṣaṇa as king of the rākṣasas, O bestower of honour, now that I am pleased with him."

6.13.9 Thus instructed, Saumitri anointed Vibhīṣaṇa as king in the midst of the foremost monkeys, acting on Rāma's command.

6.13.10 Witnessing that gracious act of Rāma, the monkeys at once raised great shouts and cried out, "Well done! Well done!"

6.13.11 Then Hanūmān and Sugrīva asked Vibhīṣaṇa: "How shall we cross the impassable ocean, the abode of Varuṇa?"

6.13.12 "Let us approach by means of some stratagem, so that we may all — together with the army — cross swiftly the lord of rivers and streams, the abode of Varuṇa."

6.13.13 Thus addressed, Vibhīṣaṇa, who knows what is right, replied: "King Rāghava ought to approach the ocean for refuge."

6.13.14 "This measureless great ocean was dug out by Sagara; the great ocean ought therefore to render service to Rāma, his kinsman."

6.13.15 When the wise rākṣasa Vibhīṣaṇa had spoken thus, this course also found favour with Rāghava, who was by nature righteous.

6.13.16 Then that great-spirited one, skilled in proper conduct and seeking to honour the occasion, spoke with a gentle smile to Lakṣmaṇa and to Sugrīva, lord of the monkeys.

6.13.17 "Lakṣmaṇa, this counsel of Vibhīṣaṇa pleases me. Speak, you together with Sugrīva — does it please you as well?"

6.13.18 "Sugrīva is ever wise, and you are expert in counsel; having considered the matter, both of you — say what seems best."

6.13.19 Thus addressed, those two heroes, Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa, both spoke this reply, combined with proper courteous form.

6.13.20 "Why would it not please us, O tiger among men, O Rāghava? What Vibhīṣaṇa has said is agreeable and suited to this moment."

6.13.21 "Without building a bridge across this dreadful ocean, the abode of Varuṇa, Laṅkā cannot be reached even by the gods and asuras together with Indra."

6.13.22 "Let the true word of the valiant Vibhīṣaṇa be carried out. Enough delay — let this ocean now be made to serve."

6.13.23 Thus counselled, Rāma then lay down upon the shore of the lord of rivers and streams, which was spread with kuśa grass, like fire resting on a sacrificial altar.

6.14.1 As Rāma lay there on the ground spread with kuśa grass, vigilant and self-restrained, three nights passed over him.

6.14.2 Yet the sluggish ocean would not reveal itself to Rāma, even though Rāma had worshipped it with all due observance and effort.

6.14.3 Then Rāma, enraged at the ocean, his eyes red at the corners, spoke thus to Lakṣmaṇa of auspicious marks, who stood nearby.

6.14.4 "Look, Lakṣmaṇa, at the arrogance of this ignoble ocean, which, though honoured, does not appear before me of its own accord."

6.14.5 "Composure, forbearance, uprightness, gentle speech — these virtues of good men bear the fruit of powerlessness when directed at those who are without virtue."

6.14.6 "The world honours a man who praises himself, who is wicked, bold, reckless, and who wields the rod of punishment on all sides."

6.14.7 "By gentleness, Lakṣmaṇa, fame cannot be won; by gentleness, glory cannot be won in this world, nor victory on the field of battle."

6.14.8 "Today, O Saumitri, look at the abode of the makaras with its waters blocked and its makaras pierced by my arrows, floating on all sides."

6.14.9 "Behold here, Lakṣmaṇa, the great fish, the trunks of elephants, and the coiled bodies of serpents, all pierced by me."

6.14.10 "Today, with great battle, I shall dry up with my arrows the ocean together with its conches, oysters, fish, and makaras."

6.14.11 "This abode of makaras takes me, endowed with forbearance, to be powerless. Fie upon forbearance toward such a person!"

6.14.12 "Bring my bow, O Saumitri, and arrows like venomous serpents. Today, in my fury, I shall agitate even the impassable ocean."

6.14.13 "With my arrows I shall render boundless this abode of Varuṇa, which abides within its shores, suddenly churning with waves."

6.14.14 Having spoken thus, with bow in hand and eyes dilated with rage, Rāma became terrible, blazing like the fire at the end of an age.

6.14.15 Straining that dreadful bow and shaking the world with his arrows, he released fierce shafts like Śatakratu hurling thunderbolts.

6.14.16 Those blazing, swiftly flying, supremely powerful arrows entered the waters of the ocean, terrifying the serpents therein.

6.14.17 Then a great and terrible agitation arose in the ocean, filled with crocodiles and makaras, accompanied by a roar like that of a tempest.

6.14.18 The great ocean, spread with garlands of mighty waves, teeming with conches and oysters, its waves suddenly wreathed in smoke, was thrown into turmoil.

6.14.19 The serpents were afflicted, their mouths and eyes blazing; and the dānavas of great might who dwell in the depths of Pātāla were terrified.

6.14.20 The waves of the lord of rivers, teeming with crocodiles and makaras, rose up by the thousands, resembling the Vindhya and Mandara mountains.

6.14.21 With its mass of waves churning turbulently, its serpents and rākṣasas thrown into confusion, its great sea-monsters surging upward, the ocean was overwhelmed.

6.15.1 Then the ocean rose of its own accord from its midst; the ocean appeared, ascending like the sun rising over the great mountains of Meru, accompanied by serpents with blazing mouths.

6.15.2 He had the glossy hue of vaidūrya gem, adorned with jāmbūnada gold, wearing a red garland and garments, his eyes resembling lotus petals.

6.15.3 The mighty ocean, having emerged and first paying homage, spoke with joined palms to Rāghava, who stood with arrow in hand.

6.15.4 "O Rāghava, earth, wind, sky, water, and fire abide, O gentle one, in their own nature, following the eternal path."

6.15.5 "This is my own nature too — that I am unfathomable and unfordable. But there could be a transformation, O Rādhā — this I declare to you."

6.15.6 "Neither out of desire, nor out of greed, nor out of fear, O son of a king, can I in any way restrain my waters, which are troubled by crocodiles."

6.15.7 "I shall make provision, O Rāma, for that by which I can bear it; the crocodiles shall not attack for as long as the army is crossing."

6.15.8 "This one, O gentle lord, is named Nala, the son of Viśvakarman; the illustrious one was granted a boon by his father and is equal to Viśvakarman."

6.15.9 "Let this monkey of great energy build a bridge upon me; I shall support it, for he is like his father."

6.15.10 Having spoken thus, the ocean vanished. Then Nala rose up and that foremost of monkeys, exceedingly mighty, spoke these words to Rāma.

6.15.11 "I shall build a bridge across the wide abode of Varuṇa, drawing upon the ability of my father. The great ocean has spoken the truth."

6.15.12 "A boon was granted to my mother at Mandara by Viśvakarman; I am his own son, equal to Viśvakarman."

6.15.13 "Nor indeed would I have proclaimed my own virtues without being asked. Let the foremost monkeys build the bridge this very day if they so wish."

6.15.14 Then, dispatched by Rāma, the leaders of the monkey troops rushed in all directions into the great forest with joy, by the hundreds of thousands.

6.15.15 Those monkeys, themselves like mountains, foremost among the hosts of tree-dwelling creatures, broke off trees there and dragged them to the ocean.

6.15.16 The monkeys brought sāla trees, aśvakarṇa trees, dhava trees, bamboos, kuṭaja, arjuna, tāla, tikala, and timiśa trees.

6.15.17 With bilva, saptaparṇa, and flowering karṇikāra trees, with mango and aśoka trees, they filled the ocean.

6.15.18 Those foremost monkeys, lifting trees both with roots and without roots like Indra's banners raised on high, carried and hurled them.

6.15.19 As mountains were hurled in, the water suddenly thrown upward leapt into the sky and scattered in all directions.

6.15.20 Nala built the great bridge in the midst of the lord of rivers and streams — ten yojanas in breadth and a hundred yojanas in length.

6.15.21 As rocks were thrown and mountains were cast down there upon that great ocean, a tumultuous sound arose.

6.15.22 That bridge built by Nala over the ocean, the abode of makaras, beautiful and glorious, shone like the path of Svāti in the sky.

6.15.23 Then the gods together with the gandharvas, the siddhas, and the foremost seers —

6.15.24 — and all living beings beheld the bridging of the ocean, which was inconceivable, unbearable to look upon, wondrous, and hair-raising, while the monkeys leapt, swam, and roared.

6.15.25 Those thousands of crores of mighty monkeys, building the bridge across the ocean, crossed to the further shore of the great sea.

6.15.26 That great bridge — wide, well-built, glorious, with level ground, firmly laid — shone in the ocean like a parting line in hair.

6.15.27 Then, on the further shore of the ocean, Vibhīṣaṇa with mace in hand stood with his ministers, ready to ward off attacks from enemies.

6.15.28 At the head of that army, the illustrious Rāma, righteous of soul, bearing his bow, accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa and Sugrīva, advanced.

6.15.29 Others went by the middle, others of the monkeys by the flanks; some fell into the water, others could not find the path; some, taking to the sky, leapt like garuḍas.

6.15.30 With its great roar, the terrible monkey army, as it crossed, drowned out the uplifted, terrible sound of the ocean.

6.15.31 That army of monkeys, having crossed by Nala's bridge, encamped at the far shore at the command of the king, in a place rich in roots and fruits.

6.15.32 Beholding that wondrous and difficult feat, the gods together with siddhas and cāraṇas came to Rāma accompanied by the great seers and each separately anointed him with beautiful waters.

6.15.33 "Conquer your enemies, O king of men; protect the earth with its ocean for eternal ages" — with such auspicious and varied words they honoured Rāma, who was thus celebrated as a king of men.

6.16.1 When Rāma, son of Daśaratha, had crossed the ocean with his army, the illustrious Rāvaṇa spoke to his two ministers, Śuka and Sāraṇa.

6.16.2 "The entire monkey army — so formidable and hard to overcome — has crossed the ocean, and a bridge across the sea has been built by Rāma, a feat without precedent."

6.16.3 "I could never have believed a bridge could be built across the ocean; and yet that monkey army must be counted and assessed by me."

6.16.4 "You two shall enter the monkey army undetected and learn its full measure and strength, and who the foremost among the leaping warriors are —"

6.16.5 "— who are the counselors trusted by Rāma and Sugrīva, who march in the vanguard, and which of the leaping monkeys are the true heroes."

6.16.6 "Determine how the bridge was constructed across the ocean's waters, and how the encampment of those great-souled monkeys is arranged."

6.16.7 "You must learn truly the resolve and might of Rāma, and the weapons of the hero Lakṣmaṇa as well."

6.16.8 "And who is the commander of that great-spirited monkey host? Having learned all this accurately, you should return without delay."

6.16.9 Thus instructed, those two rākṣasa heroes, Śuka and Sāraṇa, assumed the forms of monkeys and entered the monkey army.

6.16.10 But that monkey force was so inconceivable and hair-raising in its vastness that Śuka and Sāraṇa were unable to count it.

6.16.11 It was encamped on mountaintops, in ravines and caves, along the shores of the ocean, in forests and in groves.

6.16.12 Part was crossing, part had already crossed, and part still wished to cross; some were settling in camp, others still settling — that great, terribly roaring army.

6.16.13 The great and radiant Vibhīṣaṇa spotted those two in their disguise, seized Śuka and Sāraṇa, and reported to Rāma: "These two are spies come from Laṅkā — conquerors of enemy citadels."

6.16.14 Seeing Rāma, the two were filled with anguish and despaired of their lives; clasping their hands together in supplication, they stood in fear and spoke these words:

6.16.15 "We have come here, O gentle one, both of us sent by Rāvaṇa — to learn the full measure of your army, O joy of the Raghu line."

6.16.16 Having heard their words, Rāma, son of Daśaratha — he who is devoted to the welfare of all beings — spoke with a smile:

6.16.17 "If you have seen the whole of our army, and if you have examined us well, and if the task assigned to you is accomplished — then go freely as you please."

6.16.18 "Entering the city of Laṅkā, you two shall convey my message to the king of the rākṣasas, the younger brother of Kubera, exactly as I tell you:"

6.16.19 "'Whatever power you relied upon when you stole Sītā from me — show it now fully, together with your army and your kinsmen.'"

6.16.20 "'By tomorrow you shall see the city of Laṅkā with its ramparts and gateways, and the rākṣasa army, shattered by my arrows.'"

6.16.21 "'I shall unleash my terrible wrath — hold firm your strength, Rāvaṇa! — as Vāsava hurls his thunderbolt upon the Dānavas.'"

6.16.22 Thus dispatched, the two rākṣasas, Śuka and Sāraṇa, returned to the city of Laṅkā and addressed the lord of rākṣasas.

6.16.23 "We were seized by Vibhīṣaṇa and deserved death, O lord of rākṣasas; but Rāma of boundless splendor — righteous in spirit — saw us and set us free."

6.16.24 "There in one place stand four foremost men, like the guardians of the worlds — heroes, accomplished in arms, of firm and unwavering valor:"

6.16.25 "Rāma the illustrious son of Daśaratha, Lakṣmaṇa, Vibhīṣaṇa, and Sugrīva of great radiance — whose valor equals that of great Indra."

6.16.26 "These four alone are capable of uprooting the city of Laṅkā with its ramparts and gateways — let all the monkeys stand by idle; these suffice."

6.16.27 "Such is Rāma's form and such his weaponry, that he alone could destroy the city of Laṅkā — let the other three merely stand by."

6.16.28 "That army, protected by Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa and by Sugrīva, has become impossible to assail even by all the gods and asuras together."

6.16.29 "That bannered host of great-souled forest-dwellers stands eager to fight. Enough of opposition — let peace be made; let the princess of Mithilā be given back to the son of Daśaratha."

6.17.1 Having heard that salutary and courageous speech spoken by Sāraṇa, King Rāvaṇa replied to Sāraṇa:

6.17.2 "Even if the gods, gandharvas, and dānavas were to attack me, I would never give up Sītā — not even out of fear from all the worlds."

6.17.3 "But you, gentle Sāraṇa — thoroughly terrified, utterly routed by those monkeys — think it best to restore Sītā this very day. Who indeed among enemies is capable of vanquishing me in battle?"

6.17.4 Having spoken those harsh words, Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, the illustrious one, wishing to see for himself, ascended a palace as white as snow and as tall as many palm trees.

6.17.5 Accompanied by those two spies, Rāvaṇa — overcome with rage — gazing at the ocean, the mountains, and the forests, saw the whole stretch of earth completely filled with the leaping warriors.

6.17.6 Beholding that vast and boundless, innumerable monkey force, King Rāvaṇa asked Sāraṇa in detail:

6.17.7 "Among these foremost monkeys, which are the heroes, which are the mighty ones? Which march in the vanguard on all sides with great energy?"

6.17.8 "To whom does Sugrīva listen? Who are the lords of lords of troops? Tell me everything, Sāraṇa — who are the foremost among the leaping warriors?"

6.17.9 Sāraṇa — a connoisseur of great men — then described to Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, who had inquired so fully, those foremost of the forest-dwellers.

6.17.10 "This monkey who stands roaring and facing Laṅkā, surrounded by a hundred thousand troop commanders —"

6.17.11 "— at whose great roar all of Laṅkā trembles — its walls, gateways, hills, forests and groves —"

6.17.12 "— this hero who stands at the head of the entire army of the great-souled Sugrīva, king of all forest-dwellers: this is the troop-chieftain named Nīla."

6.17.13 "That valiant one who goes on foot with arms outstretched, facing Laṅkā, who keeps stretching himself again and again in his fury —"

6.17.14 "— he who resembles a mountain peak, his complexion like the filaments of a lotus, who in his excitement cracks his tail again and again —"

6.17.15 "— at the sound of whose tail the ten directions seem to ring — this is he who was consecrated as crown prince by Sugrīva, king of monkeys: Aṅgada by name. He challenges you to battle."

6.17.16 "Those foremost monkeys who stand with limbs tensed, snarling and roaring, who rise up and stretch themselves in their wrath —"

6.17.17 "— these are irresistible, terrible, fierce, of fierce valor: eight hundred thousand and a thousand crores of them."

6.17.18 "The heroes who dwell on the Candana mountain and follow him — this chieftain hopes to crush Laṅkā with his own division alone."

6.17.19 "White as silver, a powerful and terribly mighty monkey, wise, heroic, renowned in all three worlds —"

6.17.20 "— a monkey who goes quickly to Sugrīva and returns again, dividing and arranging the monkey host, heartening the divisions —"

6.17.21 "— he who formerly ranged the beautiful mountain called Saṃkocana on the banks of the Gomatī, a hill adorned with many kinds of trees —"

6.17.22 "— this is the troop-chieftain named Kumuda who rules there as king, he who draws along a thousand hundred-thousands of warriors."

6.17.23 "He whose tail hairs, many fathoms long, spread out along its great length — copper-red, yellow, dark and white, scattered in all directions — this doer of terrible deeds —"

6.17.24 "— undepressed, wrathful, fierce, craving battle: this same one hopes to crush Laṅkā with his own division."

6.17.25 "That one who resembles a lion, tawny-colored, with long mane, who stares fixedly at Laṅkā as if to burn it with his gaze —"

6.17.26 "— he who constantly dwells on the Vindhya, the Kṛṣṇagiri, the Sahya and the mountain Sudarśana: this is the troop-chieftain Rambha, O king."

6.17.27 "A hundred-hundred-thousand plus thirty monkey troop-leaders surround and follow him to crush Laṅkā by force."

6.17.28 "He who pricks up his ears and yawns again and again, who does not flinch at death and does not run from his troop —"

6.17.29 "— immensely strong, free from fear, who constantly dwells on the beautiful Sālveya mountain: this is the troop-chieftain Śarabha, O king."

6.17.30 "All the troop-chieftains who accompany this mighty one are called Vihāras, O king — forty hundred-thousands of them."

6.17.31 "He who stands like a great cloud filling the sky in the midst of monkey heroes, as Vāsava stands among the gods —"

6.17.32 "— whose great and terrible sound is heard like the beating of war drums by those foremost forest-dwelling lords longing for battle —"

6.17.33 "— he who constantly inhabits the incomparable Pāriyātra mountain, ever irresistible in battle: this is the troop-chieftain named Panasa."

6.17.34 "Fifty hundred-thousands of troop-chieftains attend upon him, that best of troop-chieftains, each with their separate divisions."

6.17.35 "He who stands on the shore of the ocean like a second sea, adorning and setting in motion that formidable army —"

6.17.36 "— he who resembles a split mountain and roams drinking from the Parṇāśā, the finest of rivers: this is the troop-chieftain named Vinatā."

6.17.37 "His army numbers sixty hundred-thousands of leaping warriors. The troop-chieftain named Krathana challenges you to battle."

6.17.38 "The monkey who bears a body of the color of red chalk, Gavaya by name, a man of great energy — he advances upon you in fury."

6.17.39 "Seventy hundred-thousands attend upon him. This one hopes to crush Laṅkā with his own division."

6.17.40 "These are the irresistible, terrible, mighty troop-chieftains who can assume any form — the best of troop-chieftains — whose number cannot be counted."

6.18.1 "I shall now tell you, as you look on, about those troop-chieftains who have exerted themselves for Rāghava's sake without regard for their own lives."

6.18.2 "He whose tail-hairs are sleek and very dark, spread all along its length — copper-red, yellow, dark and white, scattered out — a doer of terrible deeds —"

6.18.3 "— as they are raised up they blaze like the rays of the sun, and they trail along the ground: this is the troop-chieftain named Hara."

6.18.4 "Him whom hundreds and thousands follow from behind, united, lifting up trees, intent on scaling Laṅkā —"

6.18.5 "— this one, with a thousand crores of mighty monkeys, longs to conquer you in battle, O conqueror of enemy citadels."

6.18.6 "Those you see standing there like great dark storm clouds, black as a mass of people, whose valor in battle is true —"

6.18.7 "— heroes armed with claws and fangs, keen in anger, inspiring terror, countless and indescribable as the far shore of the ocean —"

6.18.8 "— those bears who inhabit rugged mountains and rivers, O king: these dreadful bears advance upon you."

6.18.9 "Standing in their midst, O king, with terrible eyes and terrible to behold, surrounded on all sides like a rain-cloud by storm clouds, is —"

6.18.10 "— he who inhabits the best of mountains, Ṛkṣavanta, drinking from the Narmadā: lord of all bears, this is the troop-chieftain named Dhūmra."

6.18.11 "His younger brother — behold him, mountain-like — resembles him in form yet surpasses him in valor:"

6.18.12 "This is he: Jāmbavān by name, a great lord of lords of troops — tranquil, obedient to his elders, yet impatient in the midst of battle."

6.18.13 "Great assistance was rendered by this wise Jāmbavān to Śakra during the war of gods and asuras, and many boons were obtained through him."

6.18.14 "Climbing to mountain peaks they hurl vast boulders broad as great clouds, and they do not flinch before death."

6.18.15 "In his army are many hairy ones resembling rākṣasas and piśācas, roaming about with the fiery energy of fire."

6.18.16 "He at whom all monkeys gaze — that lord of lords of troops who stands in his excitement as if about to leap —"

6.18.17 "— this lord of monkeys who attends upon thousand-eyed Indra, endowed with strength and power: this is the troop-chieftain named Rambha, O king."

6.18.18 "He who, while walking, passes by a mountain standing a league away by his side, and in the same manner reaches a league with a single upward spring of his body —"

6.18.19 "— than whom no form more excellent is found among four-footed beings: this famed one is called Saṃnādana, the forefather of monkeys."

6.18.20 "He who once gave battle to wise Śakra in the fight and was not defeated — this lord of lords of troops — whose valor in battle equals that of Śakra himself."

6.18.21 "This one was born of a gandharva maiden by Kṛṣṇavartman, long ago in the war of gods and asuras, for the purpose of aiding the denizens of the triple heavens."

6.18.22 "He whose Jambū mountain is frequented by king Vaiśravaṇa, that king of mountains' lords, attended by many kiṃnaras —"

6.18.23 "— ever giving pleasure of sport to your brother, O lord of rākṣasas: there dwells this illustrious, powerful bull among monkeys, who boasts not in battles: the troop-chieftain named Krathana."

6.18.24 "Surrounded and attended by a thousand crores of monkeys, this very one hopes to crush Laṅkā with his own division."

6.18.25 "He who ranges along the Gaṅgā, terrifying the leaders of elephant herds, remembering the ancient enmity between elephants and monkeys —"

6.18.26 "— this troop-lord and leader who dwells in mountain caves, the foremost in the monkey host, who goes along the Himālayan river —"

6.18.27 "— who takes his delight on the mountain Uśīrabīja, equal to Mandara, the best of monkeys, even as Śakra himself takes delight in heaven —"

6.18.28 "— a thousand hundred-thousands march with him: this is the intolerant chieftain, O king, the troop-chieftain named Pramāthī."

6.18.29 "That one you see following him, churning about repeatedly like a cloud lifted by the wind, where this great dust arises —"

6.18.30 "These black-faced, terrible, cow-tailed ones of great strength — a hundred hundred-thousands of them — having beheld the bridge —"

6.18.31 "— surrounding the cow-tailed, great-speed troop-chieftain named Gavākṣa, they advance to crush Laṅkā by force."

6.18.32 "Where bees circle all around and trees bear fruits of every wish — the mountain he circles round, equal in color to the sun itself —"

6.18.33 "— by whose light the beasts and birds constantly shine in that same hue, and whose plateau great-souled sages do not abandon —"

6.18.34 "— there, O king, on that beautiful Golden Mountain, this one takes his delight: the foremost of foremost monkeys, the troop-chieftain named Kesarī."

6.18.35 "Among sixty thousand beautiful golden mountains, that mountain stands supreme in their midst — like yourself, O sinless one, among rākṣasas."

6.18.36 "There on that best of mountains dwell these tawny-colored and white ones with copper-red faces, honey-brown, armed with sharp fangs and claws."

6.18.37 "Like lions with four fangs, hard to approach as tigers, all equal to the fire of universal dissolution, like blazing venomous serpents."

6.18.38 "With very long, curving tails, resembling rutting elephants, looking like great mountains, roaring with the sound of great clouds."

6.18.39 "Their lord stands in their midst, endowed with valor, renowned on earth by the name Śatabalī, O king. This very one hopes to crush Laṅkā with his own division."

6.18.40 "Gaja, Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Nala and the monkey Nīla — each one of these troop-leaders is attended by ten crores."

6.18.41 "Likewise other foremost monkeys, dwellers on the Vindhya mountain — their numbers are so great they cannot be counted, though their valor is light-footed and swift."

6.18.42 "All are of great majesty, O great king; all have bodies resembling great mountains; all are capable of making the earth in a moment strewn and scattered with shattered mountains."

6.19.1 Having heard the words of Sāraṇa, Śuka then addressed Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, as he surveyed the entire army.

6.19.2 Those whom you see standing there, like great elephants in rut, like banyan trees on the Gaṅgā's banks, like śāla trees of the Himālayas —

6.19.3 — these, O king, are irresistible, mighty, and can change form at will; they are comparable to the Daityas and Dānavas, and in battle their valor equals that of the gods.

6.19.4 Of these there are nine thousand koṭis, five and seven koṭis besides, thousands upon thousands of śaṅkhas, and hundreds of vṛndas.

6.19.5 These are the ministers of Sugrīva, ever dwelling in Kiṣkindhā, vānaras born of gods and gandharvas, capable of assuming any form at will.

6.19.6 Those two princes whom you see standing there, of divine appearance — they are Mainda and Dvivida; in battle there is none equal to them.

6.19.7 Both were granted leave by Brahmā and have drunk the nectar of immortality; these two aspire to crush Laṅkā in battle by their own might.

6.19.8 And those two who stand at their sides, resembling mountains — they are Sumukha and Vimukha, sons of Mṛtyu, equal to their father in power.

6.19.9 And that vānara whom you see standing there, like a great elephant in must — in his fury he could churn even the ocean by his strength.

6.19.10 This one came to Laṅkā before, O lord, on behalf of the Vaidehī and of you yourself — behold, this vānara has returned, the one you saw before.

6.19.11 He is the eldest son of Keśarin, known as the son of the Wind-god, celebrated by the name Hanūmān — the one by whom the ocean was leaped across.

6.19.12 A shape-shifter, foremost among the vānaras, endowed with strength and form, his movement is irresistible, like that of the ever-moving sun-god.

6.19.13 It is said that as a child, consumed by thirst, seeing the rising sun, he descended a path of three thousand yojanas —

6.19.14 — having resolved in his mind, 'I will seize the sun, and my hunger shall not return,' this one, drunk on his own power, leaped upward.

6.19.15 Unable to reach that god — unapproachable even by gods, seers, and dānavas — he fell upon the mountain at the sun's rising.

6.19.16 When this ape fell, one jaw was slightly fractured upon the rocky surface — he of the firm jaw — and it is for this that he is called Hanūmān.

6.19.17 Truly, through the authority of scripture this vānara is known to me — his strength, his form, his power are impossible to describe in words.

6.19.18 This one aspires to crush Laṅkā single-handedly by his might. And the next hero, the dark one with lotus-like eyes —

6.19.19 — a supreme chariot-warrior of the Ikṣvākus, whose valor is celebrated throughout the world, in whom dharma never wavers, and who never transgresses dharma —

6.19.20 — who knows the Brahmā-weapon and the Vedas, foremost among those versed in the Vedas, who could split the sky with his arrows and cleave the mountains asunder —

6.19.21 — whose wrath is like Death itself and whose valor rivals that of Śakra — that is Rāma, O king, who comes to fight you.

6.19.22 And he who stands at his right side, radiant as pure gold, broad-chested, copper-eyed, with dark and curling locks —

6.19.23 — this is his brother Lakṣmaṇa, dear to him as his own life, skilled in statecraft and in battle, versed in every science of weapons.

6.19.24 He is intolerant of insult, unconquerable, a victor, valiant, wise, and strong — the right arm of Rāma, ever his outer breath of life.

6.19.25 For the sake of Rāghava he does not guard his own life; this one himself aspires to slay all the rākṣasas in battle.

6.19.26 And he who stands supporting Rāma on his left flank, surrounded by a troop of rākṣasas — he is King Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.19.27 Consecrated as king of Laṅkā by the glorious king of kings, it is against you alone that he comes forward, filled with righteous fury, ready for battle.

6.19.28 And he whom you see standing in the center, immovable as a mountain — the undefeated lord of all the kings of the monkey-troops —

6.19.29 — who surpassed all the vānaras in splendor, fame, wisdom, knowledge, and nobility, as the Himālaya surpasses all other mountains —

6.19.30 — who rules Kiṣkindhā, that cave overgrown with dense trees, an inaccessible stronghold set within a mountain fastness, together with his chief commanders —

6.19.31 — upon whom this golden garland of a hundred lotuses shines beautifully, lovely to gods and men alike, in whom Lakṣmī herself is established —

6.19.32 — this garland, and Tārā, and the eternal kingdom of the vānara king — all this Sugrīva received from Rāma after slaying Vālin.

6.19.33 With such a force of a thousand koṭis and a hundred śaṅkus, Sugrīva, lord of the vānaras, advances against you for battle.

6.19.34 Seeing this army now arrayed before you, O great king, blazing like a meteor in its splendor, let the utmost effort be made, so that there be victory and not defeat at the hands of the enemy.

6.20.1 Having thus heard Śuka's account, and having seen those leaders of the vānara hosts, and his own brother Vibhīṣaṇa standing near Rāma —

6.20.2 — and Lakṣmaṇa of tremendous might, the right arm of Rāma, and Sugrīva, king of all the vānaras, of terrible valor —

6.20.3 — Rāvaṇa, his heart somewhat disturbed and anger rising within him, at the conclusion of the report threatened those two heroes, Śuka and Sāraṇa.

6.20.4 As Śuka and Sāraṇa bowed with downcast faces, he spoke to them harsh words, his voice choked with rage, beside himself with fury.

6.20.5 It is not fitting for ministers who live by the king's favor to speak what is disagreeable to him who holds the power of punishment and reward, who is their lord.

6.20.6 For you two, it is utterly unsuitable to sing the praises of enemies who advance adversarially intent on battle, and to do so out of season.

6.20.7 Teachers, preceptors, and elders have been attended upon by you in vain, since you have failed to grasp the essence of the science of kingship — that which ministers must live by.

6.20.8 Or perhaps it was grasped but not understood — such is called the burden of knowledge. By my fate I bear being yoked to foolish ministers such as these.

6.20.9 Is there no fear of death in you, that you would speak harsh words to me, whose very tongue, when I command it, delivers what is auspicious and inauspicious?

6.20.10 Trees may survive after touching fire and remain standing in the forest; but those who have been touched by a king's displeasure, if they have truly offended, do not survive.

6.20.11 I would slay these two sinners who sing the praises of the enemy's side, were my anger not softened by the remembrance of services they have rendered me before.

6.20.12 Begone — depart from my presence! I do not wish to slay you, remembering the services you have done for me. Those two ungrateful ones who have turned their affections away from me would be as good as slain.

6.20.13 Addressed thus, both Śuka and Sāraṇa, filled with shame, congratulated Rāvaṇa with cries of victory and departed.

6.20.14 Then the ten-necked one said to Mahodara who stood nearby: 'Quickly bring before me spies versed in statecraft.'

6.20.15 Then the spies, hastened by the king's command, arrived and stood before him with hands folded in salutation, wishing him victory and prosperity.

6.20.16 Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, then spoke to those spies — trustworthy, brave, devoted, and fearless.

6.20.17 Go from here and ascertain Rāma's intentions; those who are privy to his counsels and have joined him with affection —

6.20.18 — how he sleeps, how he keeps watch, and what else he plans to do — learn all this with precision and return without omission.

6.20.19 An enemy known through espionage is, by wise kings, confronted and repelled in battle with very little effort.

6.20.20 The spies, saying 'So be it' and filled with enthusiasm, circumambulated the lord of the rākṣasas and went to where Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa were.

6.20.21 Going there, disguised, they beheld near Mount Suvela Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa together with Sugrīva and Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.20.22 Those rākṣasas, however, were spotted by Vibhīṣaṇa, that righteous lord of rākṣasas, and were apprehended where they stood, as if by chance.

6.20.23 Manhandled by the vānaras — valiant, swift in their movements — they managed to return to Laṅkā, panting and out of their senses.

6.20.24 Then those spies, those night-wanderers who move perpetually abroad, presented themselves before the ten-necked one and reported to him of the terrible force of the mighty one encamped near Mount Suvela.

6.21.1 Then the spies reported to the lord of Laṅkā of that unassailable army, and of Rāghava encamped upon Mount Suvela.

6.21.2 Rāvaṇa, hearing from the spies of Rāma's arrival with his great army, became somewhat agitated and then spoke to Śārdūla.

6.21.3 Your complexion is unnatural and you appear dejected, O night-wanderer — have you perhaps fallen into the power of angered enemies?

6.21.4 Thus instructed by him, Śārdūla, overwhelmed with fear, slowly began to speak to that tiger among rākṣasas.

6.21.5 Those foremost vānaras cannot be spied upon, O king — they are valiant, powerful, and are protected by Rāghava.

6.21.6 Nor can one speak with them; no inquiry can be obtained there. Every path is guarded on all sides by those vānaras who are like mountains.

6.21.7 The moment I entered that army, which had not yet been spied upon, I was recognized, seized by force by many, and torn apart in many ways.

6.21.8 I was beaten heavily with knees, fists, teeth, and open palms, and dragged about by those powerful, wrathful vānaras.

6.21.9 Having been dragged everywhere, I was led before Rāma's assembly, my whole body smeared with blood, stupefied, my senses reeling.

6.21.10 Even as the vānaras were killing me and I begged with folded hands, I was rescued by Rāghava — and so I live, it seems, by mere chance.

6.21.11 Having filled the great ocean with rocks and boulders, Rāma now stands armed at the very gate of Laṅkā.

6.21.12 Having deployed in the garuḍa battle-formation, surrounded on all sides by vānaras, the great-souled one released me and now advances directly upon Laṅkā.

6.21.13 Before he reaches the rampart, quickly do one of two things: either give Sītā back to him at once, or offer him worthy battle.

6.21.14 Inwardly burning with anguish upon hearing Śārdūla's momentous words, the lord of the rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa, then spoke.

6.21.15 Even if the gods, gandharvas, and dānavas were all to fight against me, I will not give back Sītā — not even out of fear of all the worlds.

6.21.16 Having spoken thus, the great-souled Rāvaṇa spoke again: 'The army you have scouted — who among the leaping ones are the heroes there?'

6.21.17 What are they like, and what is the power of those vānaras who are so difficult to assail? Whose sons and grandsons are they? Tell me the truth, O rākṣasa.

6.21.18 Having assessed their strength and weakness there, I shall formulate a response — for one who desires battle must necessarily take stock of the enemy's force.

6.21.19 Addressed thus by Rāvaṇa, Śārdūla, that foremost of spies, began to speak these words in Rāvaṇa's presence.

6.21.20 There is the son of Ṛkṣarajas, O king, who is exceedingly hard to conquer in battle; and the son of Gadgada, known as Jāmbavān.

6.21.21 Another son of Gadgada too is present, and a son of Bṛhaspati, the son of Śatakratu himself — by whose single son such slaughter of rākṣasas was wrought.

6.21.22 Suṣeṇa too, righteous of soul, a mighty son of Dharma, is there; and gentle Dadhimukha the vānara, son of the moon-god, O king.

6.21.23 Sumukha, Durmukha, and the vānara Vegadarśin are also there — Death itself, no doubt, fashioned in the form of vānaras by the Self-born.

6.21.24 Nīla, son of the fire-god, is there himself as commander of the army; and the son of the wind-god, known as Hanūmān, is also present.

6.21.25 Aṅgada, the young and powerful grandson of Śakra, who is irresistible, is there; and both Mainda and Dvivida, powerful sons of the Aśvins.

6.21.26 Sons of Vivasvat are there — five of them, each resembling Death at the end of an age: Gaja, Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Śarabha, and Gandhamādana.

6.21.27 Śveta and Jyotirmukha are there, both sprung from the sun-god himself; and Hemakūṭa the vānara, son of Varuṇa.

6.21.28 Nala, the valiant son of Viśvakarman, foremost among the vānaras, is there; and the son of the Vasus, the valiant and swift Sudurdhara.

6.21.29 Ten koṭis of heroic vānaras eager for battle, glorious sons of gods — the rest I dare not enumerate.

6.21.30 This son of Daśaratha is a young man with a lion's frame — the one by whom Dūṣaṇa was slain, and Khara, and Triśiras as well.

6.21.31 There is no one in this world equal to Rāma in valor — the one by whom Virādha was slain, and Kabandha, who was like Death itself.

6.21.32 No man on earth is capable of recounting Rāma's virtues — the one by whom so many rākṣasas dwelling in Janasthāna were slain.

6.21.33 And Lakṣmaṇa here, righteous of soul, like a bull among elephants — once having come within the path of his arrows, even Vāsava himself would not survive.

6.21.34 And foremost among rākṣasas, your own brother Vibhīṣaṇa, having accepted the city of Laṅkā, is devoted to the welfare of Rāghava.

6.21.35 Thus the entire vānara army encamped on Mount Suvela has been described to you — for what remains to be done, you yourself are the authority.

6.22.1 Then the king's spies reported to Rāvaṇa in Laṅkā that Rāghava, with his irresistible army, had encamped on the Suvela mountain.

6.22.2 Hearing from the spies that mighty Rāma had arrived, Rāvaṇa became somewhat agitated and spoke thus to his ministers.

6.22.3 "Let all the ministers come quickly, fully composed — for this moment of counsel has now arrived for us, O Rākṣasas."

6.22.4 Hearing that command of his, the ministers came swiftly; then he deliberated together with his Rākṣasa councillors.

6.22.5 That unconquerable one, having deliberated and resolved upon what was appropriate, dismissed his ministers and entered his own palace.

6.22.6 Then that great master of illusion, summoning the mighty Rākṣasa Vidyujjihvā, who was skilled in māyā, entered where Maithilī dwelt.

6.22.7 The lord of Rākṣasas spoke to Vidyujjihvā, who was versed in illusion: "We shall bewilder Sītā, the daughter of Janaka, through māyā."

6.22.8 "Taking a head fashioned of illusion belonging to Rāghava, O night-wanderer, present yourself before me, along with a great bow fitted with an arrow."

6.22.9 So addressed, the night-wanderer Vidyujjihvā said "So be it." The king was pleased with him and bestowed upon him an ornament.

6.22.10 That mighty one — the younger brother of Kubera — entered the Aśoka grove and there beheld her who was afflicted though undeserving of affliction, head bowed, overwhelmed by grief, seated on the ground.

6.22.11 She was meditating only upon her husband, having come to be in the Aśoka grove, and was being attended upon by terrible Rākṣasī women not far away.

6.22.12 Approaching Sītā then, proclaiming his joy by name, he spoke this bold speech to the daughter of Janaka.

6.22.13 "While I was comforting you, O fair one, he upon whom you relied and exulted — Rāghava, the slayer of Khara, your husband — has been slain in battle."

6.22.14 "Your root has been cut off on every side; your pride has been destroyed by me. Through my own supremacy, O Sītā, you shall become my wife."

6.22.15 "O woman of little merit, whose purpose is thwarted, foolish one who fancies herself wise — hear, O Sītā, of your husband's slaughter, dreadful as the slaying of Vṛtra."

6.22.16 "Rāghava had indeed come to the ocean's edge to slay me, accompanied by a great army led by the king of monkeys."

6.22.17 "Rāma, having encamped with his great army on the southern shore of the ocean, was there as the sun went to its setting."

6.22.18 "Then at midnight, with the army weary from the march and sleeping in ease — this was first reconnoitered by spies —"

6.22.19 "— my great army, led by Prahasta, slaughtered his army at night, there where Rāma was along with Lakṣmaṇa."

6.22.20 "Broad-bladed swords, iron clubs, scimitars, discuses, great iron maces, volleys of arrows, spears, gleaming hammers —"

6.22.21 "— staves, javelins, lances, discuses, and pestles — these were raised again and again by the Rākṣasas and hurled upon the monkeys."

6.22.22 "Then the crushing Prahasta, with a swift and practiced hand, severed with a great sword the head of Rāma while he slept."

6.22.23 "Vibhīṣaṇa, leaping up, was seized by chance and driven away in all directions; and Lakṣmaṇa was expelled along with all the monkeys."

6.22.24 "Sugrīva, the lord of monkeys, lies with his neck broken; Hanūmān lies with his jaw knocked out, slain by the Rākṣasas."

6.22.25 "Jāmbavān, having leaped up upon his knees, was struck down in battle, cut to pieces by many broad swords, felled like a tree."

6.22.26 "Both Mainda and Dvivida, those two bull-monkeys, have been slain, gasping and wailing, drenched in blood."

6.22.27 "Panasa, that destroyer of foes, struck by a sword and cut in two at the middle, groans upon the earth like a breadfruit tree."

6.22.28 "Darīmukha lies in a cave, cut through by many iron arrows; the mighty Kumuda lies crying out, struck by shafts."

6.22.29 "Aṅgada, assailed by the Rākṣasas, cut through by many arrows, has been felled — Aṅgada has fallen to the ground vomiting blood."

6.22.30 "Some monkeys were crushed by elephants, others laid low and trampled by a mass of chariots there, like storm clouds by the force of wind."

6.22.31 "Others fled in terror, struck down from behind, pursued by the Rākṣasas like great elephants by lions."

6.22.32 "Some fell into the ocean, some took refuge in the sky; the bears climbed trees, mixed together with the monkeys."

6.22.33 "On the shores of the ocean, on the mountains, and in the forests, many of those tawny-eyed ones were slain by the many misshapen-eyed Rākṣasas."

6.22.34 "Thus your husband along with his army has been slain by my army; and this — his head, wet with blood and covered with dust — has been brought here."

6.22.35 Then Rāvaṇa, most unconquerable lord of the Rākṣasas, while Sītā was listening, spoke thus to a Rākṣasī.

6.22.36 "Bring to me the Rākṣasa Vidyujjihvā, cruel in his deeds, the one by whom that head of Rāghava was personally brought from the battlefield."

6.22.37 Vidyujjihvā then, taking that head along with the bow and arrows, bowed his own head in salutation and stood before Rāvaṇa.

6.22.38 Then the king Rāvaṇa spoke to the Rākṣasa who stood near him — Vidyujjihvā of the great tongue, who hovered at his side.

6.22.39 "Place quickly before Sītā the head of the son of Daśaratha — let the wretched woman behold well her husband's final state."

6.22.40 So commanded, that Rākṣasa set down that fair-looking head before Sītā and swiftly vanished from sight.

6.22.41 Rāvaṇa also flung down a great gleaming bow famous throughout the three worlds, and spoke thus to Sītā.

6.22.42 "This is that bow of your Rāma, along with its bowstring — brought here by Prahasta after slaying that mortal in the night."

6.22.43 And Rāvaṇa, having together with Vidyujjihvā strewn that head and bow upon the ground, then spoke to that illustrious daughter of the king of Videha: "Come under my sway."

6.23.1 Sītā, seeing that head and that excellent bow — and the meeting with Sugrīva that had been reported by Hanūmān —

6.23.2 — the eyes, the complexion, and the face resembling her husband's face, the hair and the hairline, and that beautiful crest jewel —

6.23.3 — recognizing these by all these tokens, deeply grief-stricken, she then denounced Kaikeyī, crying out like an osprey.

6.23.4 "May you have your wish, O Kaikeyī — this joy of the family has been slain. The entire family has been destroyed by you, O quarrelsome one."

6.23.5 "What wrong indeed had the noble Rāma done to Kaikeyī, that she sent him from home, clad in bark garments, to the forest?"

6.23.6 Having spoken thus, the trembling, suffering Vaidehī, young as she was, fell to the earth like a plantain tree cut down.

6.23.7 She, having recovered after a moment and regaining her senses, smelled that head and lamented, that large-eyed one.

6.23.8 "Alas, I am undone, O mighty-armed one! I who faithfully followed a hero's vow — I have come to this final state of yours, made a widow."

6.23.9 "For a woman, they say, a husband's failing is the first death. You who were so nobly conducted toward one of noble conduct — you have preceded me."

6.23.10 "For me, who was plunged from sorrow into sorrow, submerged in an ocean of grief — even you who had set out to rescue me have been struck down."

6.23.11 "That mother-in-law of mine, Kausalyā, loving as she is, has been made, O Rāghava, bereft of her son by you, like a cow bereft of its calf."

6.23.12 "Those who decreed for you a long life, O you of inconceivable prowess — their words were false; you are short-lived, O Rāghava."

6.23.13 "Or perhaps even the wisdom of a wise and virtuous person is destroyed — for time, the origin of all beings, cooks them accordingly."

6.23.14 "How did you meet an unforeseen death, you who were versed in the science of statecraft, skilled in the means of countering adversities, deft at avoiding them?"

6.23.15 "Thus you, lotus-eyed one, embracing me, were torn away and taken by that savage, utterly cruel night of doom."

6.23.16 "You lie here, O mighty-armed bull among men, having abandoned me, the suffering one — as one abandons the beloved earth, that fair woman."

6.23.17 "This bow of yours, adorned with gold, beloved of me — O hero, it was always carefully honored by me with fragrant garlands."

6.23.18 "You have surely met in heaven, O sinless one, with your father Daśaratha — my father-in-law — and with your ancestral forebears."

6.23.19 "You have become a star in the heavens; great and beloved deeds have been done. You look down upon the holy lineage of royal sages that is your own."

6.23.20 "Why do you not look at me, O king? Why do you not speak to me — to me, your wife, your companion, the young one who was joined to you in youth?"

6.23.21 "What you promised while taking my hand — 'I shall go with you' — remember that, O Kākutstha, and take me too, who am in such distress."

6.23.22 "Why have you gone, abandoning me, O best among those who move — from this world to that other world, leaving me here in sorrow?"

6.23.23 "That body of yours, worthy of all auspicious things, embraced by me alone — that body is surely now being torn apart by flesh-eaters."

6.23.24 "You who had performed sacrifices such as the Agniṣṭoma and others, with proper dakṣiṇā given — why shall you not obtain the proper rites of the Agnihotra?"

6.23.25 "Kausalyā, frantic with grief, will question Lakṣmaṇa, the one who has come back of the three who set out into the forest."

6.23.26 "To her who questions, he will surely tell of the slaughter of Mitra and Bala, and of your slaughter by the Rākṣasas in the night."

6.23.27 "Hearing that you were slain while asleep, and that I have gone to the Rākṣasa's house — she will be no more, O Rāghava, her heart burst asunder."

6.23.28 "Do well, O Rāvaṇa — cast me quickly upon Rāma; unite wife with husband — do the highest good."

6.23.29 "Join my head to his head, my body to his body. I will follow, after Rāvaṇa, the course of my noble husband — I do not wish to live even a moment more with this sinful life."

6.23.30 "I heard in my father's house from Brāhmaṇas versed in the Vedas: those women whose husband is dear to them — for those women the worlds are of great glory."

6.23.31 "In whom forgiveness, self-restraint, generosity, truth, righteousness, gratitude, and non-injury toward all beings resided — without him, what course is there for me?"

6.23.32 Thus the large-eyed daughter of Janaka, scorched by grief, lamented there, gazing upon her husband's head and bow.

6.23.33 While Sītā was lamenting thus, a Rākṣasa who stood in the ranks approached his master there with hands cupped in reverence.

6.23.34 Saluting and propitiating him with "Be victorious, O son of a noble," he announced that Prahasta, the commander of the army, had arrived.

6.23.35 "Prahasta has come with all the ministers. There is some urgent matter — grant them an audience."

6.23.36 Hearing this, reported by the Rākṣasa, the ten-necked one left the Aśoka grove and went to give audience to the ministers.

6.23.37 He, having fully deliberated upon all his own duties with the ministers, entered the assembly hall and made his arrangements, knowing well Rāma's prowess.

6.23.38 That head and that excellent bow vanished into invisibility immediately upon Rāvaṇa's departure.

6.23.39 The lord of the Rākṣasas, together with those ministers of fearsome prowess, then deliberated upon and resolved the matter of what was to be done about Rāma.

6.23.40 Rāvaṇa, the lord of Rākṣasas, resembling Death itself, spoke to all the commanders of the army who stood not far away, those who sought his welfare.

6.23.41 "Swiftly, with the resounding beat of drums struck on their corners, muster my armies — no reason need be given."

6.23.42 Then those army commanders, accepting his word with "So be it," mustered their own great forces and reported to their lord — he who was eager for battle — that they had assembled.

6.24.1 Seeing Sītā bewildered, a Rākṣasī named Saramā — a dear and affectionate friend — quickly approached Vaidehī.

6.24.2 She had there been made a friend by Sītā even while Sītā was being guarded; she was beloved by Rāvaṇa, yet she protected Sītā, compassionate and firm in her purpose.

6.24.3 Saramā saw her friend Sītā senseless, having partially risen and then collapsed, like a mare in the dust.

6.24.4 That friend of noble vows comforted her with affection, knowing all that Rāvaṇa had said to her and all that she herself had said in reply.

6.24.5 "Out of a friend's love, O timid one, I listened to everything, concealed in the dense thicket, casting off fear of Rāvaṇa — for your sake, O large-eyed one, my life is not dear to me."

6.24.6 "And for what reason the lord of Rākṣasas departed in agitation — all that has become known to me upon his departure, O Maithilī."

6.24.7 "It is impossible to perform a night attack against Rāma, whose self is known and alert; and indeed the slaughter befits that tiger among men alone."

6.24.8 "Nor can the tree-dwelling monkeys be slain — they are well-guarded by Rāma, as the gods are guarded by the bull among gods."

6.24.9 "Long and rounded of arm, radiant, broad-chested, of great majesty, a bowman endowed with a firm physique, righteous in soul, renowned in the world —"

6.24.10 "— valiant, ever the protector of himself and others, together with his brother Lakṣmaṇa, skilled, versed in the science of statecraft —"

6.24.11 "— destroyer of enemy hosts, of inconceivable strength and valor — glorious Rāghava, the crusher of foes, has not been slain, O Sītā."

6.24.12 "This māyā has been deployed against you by that savage who is skilled in illusion, whose acts of mind are crooked, who is hostile to all beings."

6.24.13 "All your grief has departed; good fortune stands before you. Prosperity surely attends you — hear something dear and joyful."

6.24.14 "Rāma, having crossed the ocean with his army of monkeys, has encamped having reached the southern shore of the sea."

6.24.15 "I have seen Kākutstha, his purpose fully accomplished, together with Lakṣmaṇa, standing guarded, his forces arrayed at the ocean's edge."

6.24.16 "And the Rākṣasas sent out by Rāvaṇa — those swift ones — have brought back this intelligence: that Rāghava has crossed over."

6.24.17 "Having heard that intelligence, O large-eyed one, the lord of the Rākṣasas — this Rāvaṇa — is now deliberating with all his ministers."

6.24.18 As the Rākṣasī Saramā was speaking thus with Sītā, they heard the dreadful sound of armies in full mobilization.

6.24.19 Hearing the great sound of the drum struck by the drum-stick, the sweet-speaking Saramā said this to Sītā.

6.24.20 "This dread drum that calls men to armor — O timid one, hear the deep resonance of the drum, like the thunder of rain-clouds."

6.24.21 "Raging war-elephants are being harnessed, chariot-horses are being yoked; here and there armored infantry come rushing."

6.24.22 "The royal highways are filling with armies of wondrous appearance, swift and thundering, as the ocean fills with torrents of water."

6.24.23 "Of polished weapons, shields, and coats of mail, of chariots, horses, and elephants, and of the adorned Rākṣasas —"

6.24.24 "— behold the radiance of many colors rising up, like that of fire in its proper form when it burns a forest."

6.24.25 "Hear the clanging of bells, hear the rumble of chariots, hear the neighing of horses and the sound of martial instruments."

6.24.26 "This tumultuous, hair-raising commotion is that of the Rākṣasas, weapons raised in hand, following in the train of the lord of Rākṣasas."

6.24.27 "Prosperity, the destroyer of grief, attends you; fear has come upon the Rākṣasas from Rāma, O lotus-petal-eyed one, as fear came upon the Daityas from Vāsava."

6.24.28 "Conquering him, having mastered his wrath, that one of inconceivable prowess — your husband — will slay Rāvaṇa in battle and come to you."

6.24.29 "Your husband, together with Lakṣmaṇa, will wage valiant war against the Rākṣasas, as Vāsava together with Viṣṇu wages war against his enemies."

6.24.30 "When Rāma has arrived and the enemy has been laid low, I shall quickly see you — virtuous one, your purpose achieved — held in his embrace."

6.24.31 "You, O beautiful one, will shed tears born of joy, having met and been embraced upon the broad chest of that broad-chested one."

6.24.32 "Before long, O Sītā, O queen, mighty Rāma will free this braid that has fallen to your hips, kept these many months."

6.24.33 "Seeing his face, O queen, risen like the full moon, you will shed the water born of grief, as a serpent sheds its slough."

6.24.34 "Having slain Rāvaṇa in battle before long, O Maithilī, he who deserves happiness will attain happiness, complete, together with you, his beloved."

6.24.35 "Reunited with Rāma the great-souled one, you shall rejoice, as the earth rejoices when blessed with good rain and crops."

6.24.36 "He who swiftly circles the best of mountains all around, like a horse making its circuit — seek refuge here, O queen, in that maker of day, for he is the origin of all creatures."

6.25.1 Then Saramā comforted her who had grown distressed and bewildered by those words, even as the sky refreshes the earth with water.

6.25.2 Then that friend, wishing to do what was beneficial for her companion, and knowing the right moment, spoke words at the proper time, first smiling before she addressed her.

6.25.3 "O dark-eyed one, I am able to go, convey your message to Rāma, learn of his welfare, and return unseen."

6.25.4 "For when I move through the unsupported sky, neither the wind nor even Garuḍa is capable of tracking my course."

6.25.5 To Saramā speaking thus, Sītā, overcome by former grief, spoke again in sweet and gentle words.

6.25.6 "I know that you are capable of going to the sky or even to the netherworld; I understand both what should and should not be done on my behalf."

6.25.7 "If you wish to do what pleases me, and if your resolve is firm, I desire you to go and find out what Rāvaṇa is doing."

6.25.8 "For that cruel Rāvaṇa, whose power lies in illusion and who causes the enemy to cry out, bewilders me, wicked-souled as he is, just as wine intoxicates one who has drunk it."

6.25.9 "He has me threatened constantly and frightened repeatedly by the most terrible rākṣasī women who guard me at all times."

6.25.10 "I am anxious and fearful, and my mind finds no peace; it is out of that fear and anxiety that I have come to the Aśoka grove."

6.25.11 "If you were to report to me his counsel and whatever his settled resolve might be, that would be the greatest favor you could do for me."

6.25.12 Then Saramā of sweet speech, touching Sītā as she spoke thus, trembling with tears, addressed her in these words.

6.25.13 "If this is your wish, then I shall go, O Jānakī; wait and see me return with knowledge of the enemy's intention."

6.25.14 Having spoken thus, she went to the vicinity of that rākṣasa and heard what Rāvaṇa was saying together with his ministers.

6.25.15 She, who was skilled at discerning resolve, having heard the settled intention of that evil-souled one, quickly came back once more to the Aśoka grove.

6.25.16 Entering there again, she saw the daughter of Janaka waiting for her, like Śrī herself bereft of her lotus.

6.25.17 Sītā, warmly embracing Saramā of sweet speech who had now returned, herself offered her a seat.

6.25.18 "Sit here comfortably and tell me everything truly — the settled resolve of that cruel, evil-souled Rāvaṇa."

6.25.19 Thus addressed by Sītā who was trembling, Saramā related everything that had been said by Rāvaṇa together with his ministers.

6.25.20 "The lord of rākṣasas was indeed urged at length by his mother and by the senior minister for the purpose of releasing you, O Vaidehī, and advised by that wise elder of the council."

6.25.21 "'Let Maithilī be honourably given back to the lord of men; the marvel that occurred at Janasthāna is proof enough for you —'

6.25.22 "'— the crossing of the ocean, the appearance of Hanūmān, the slaying of the rākṣasas in battle: what mere mortal man on earth could do these things?'

6.25.23 "Though he was spoken to at length thus by the elder ministers and by his mother, he does not have the will to release you — like a miser who clings to wealth."

6.25.24 "'He will not release you without being slain in battle' — this, O Maithilī, is the firm resolve of that cruel one together with his ministers."

6.25.25 "This very firm determination has arisen from his greed driven by death; out of fear he is unable to release you unless he is repelled in battle — and that only through the slaying of all the rākṣasas and of himself."

6.25.26 "Having slain Rāvaṇa in battle by all means with his sharp arrows, Rāma will lead you back to Ayodhyā, O dark-eyed one."

6.25.27 In the meantime, the sound filled with the tumult of kettledrums and conches was heard throughout all the armies, making the earth tremble.

6.25.28 Hearing that sound of the vānara army, the servants of the rākṣasa king stationed in Laṅkā, their energy gone and their movements overcome by despondency, saw no good outcome — owing to the king's faults.

6.26.1 To the sound of those kettledrums mingled with conches, Rāghava, the mighty-armed Rāma, conqueror of enemy cities, drew near.

6.26.2 Upon hearing that tumult, Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, sat in contemplation for a moment and then looked up at his ministers.

6.26.3 Then the greatly powerful Rāvaṇa, addressing all those ministers there and making the entire assembly resound, spoke thus.

6.26.4 "What you have reported regarding Rāma — the crossing of the ocean, his prowess, and the massing of his forces — I have heard; and I too know you to be those whose valour in battle is true."

6.26.5 Then a rākṣasa of very great wisdom named Mālyavān, the maternal great-grandfather of Rāvaṇa, having heard Rāvaṇa's words, spoke.

6.26.6 "O king, a king who is well trained in the sciences and follows sound statecraft rules his sovereignty long and brings his enemies under control."

6.26.7 "For one who makes peace at the right time, who fights with enemies when necessary, and who strengthens his own side, enjoys great sovereignty."

6.26.8 "A king who is weak should make peace, and even one who is equal in strength should do so; one should not despise an enemy, but one who is stronger may resort to open war."

6.26.9 "Therefore, O Rāvaṇa, a treaty with Rāma seems right to me; the Sītā for whose sake we have been assailed should be given back to him."

6.26.10 "All the divine sages and the gandharvas desire his victory; do not come into conflict with him — let a treaty with him be pleasing to you."

6.26.11 "For the venerable Pitāmaha created only two sides — that of the suras and that of the asuras — and upon these rested Dharma and Adharma respectively."

6.26.12 "Dharma is indeed said to be the side of the suras and the great-souled ones; Adharma is the side of the rākṣasas and the asuras, O Rāvaṇa."

6.26.13 "When Dharma swallows Adharma, the Kṛta age comes into being; when Adharma swallows Dharma, the Tiṣya (Kali) age commences."

6.26.14 "By your ranging through the worlds, great Dharma has been destroyed and Adharma has been embraced; on that account the others — our adversaries — have grown stronger than us."

6.26.15 "That Adharma, grown large through your negligence, swallows us like a serpent; and it enlarges the side of the suras, nurtured by the divine order."

6.26.16 "By you, who are given over to sense-pleasures and who acts impulsively, great distress has been caused to the sages who are like fire; their blazing power is irresistible, like a kindled conflagration."

6.26.17 "These twice-born ones, whose souls are refined by austerity and who delight in sustaining Dharma, worship perpetually with foremost sacrifices of every kind."

6.26.18 "They pour oblations into the sacred fires according to rule and chant the Vedas aloud; overpowering the rākṣasas, they raise the thunder of the brahman-sound, scattering in all directions like thunderclouds in the hot season."

6.26.19 "The smoke that rises from the Agnihotra of those sages who are like fire, pervading all ten directions, draws away the vitality of the rākṣasas."

6.26.20 "And in those various sacred regions, the fierce austerity practised by those firm in their vows torments the rākṣasas."

6.26.21 "Having seen the many and various dreadful portents of every kind, I foresee the destruction of all the rākṣasas."

6.26.22 "Dreadful and terrifying clouds thunder harshly, and they rain warm blood upon Laṅkā from every direction."

6.26.23 "Tears fall from the weeping draught-animals; the banners have fallen and are discoloured and do not gleam as before."

6.26.24 "Wolves, jackals, and vultures cry out most dreadfully; they enter Laṅkā incessantly and gather in assemblies."

6.26.25 "Dark-complexioned women with white teeth stand in front and laugh; and in dreams women despoil houses and jeer at them."

6.26.26 "Dogs devour the offering-oblations of households; donkeys are born of cows; rats consort with mongooses."

6.26.27 "Cats couple with leopards; pigs with dogs; kiṃnaras meet with rākṣasas, and rākṣasas with humans."

6.26.28 "Pale birds with red feet, impelled by fate, and doves, wander about for the destruction of the rākṣasas."

6.26.29 "Mynas perched in the houses cry 'cīkī kūcī'; and the quarrelsome ones, vanquished, fall down entangled together."

6.26.30 "A dreadful, misshapen, bald man, dark-tawny in colour — Time itself — surveys everyone's houses again and again at the appointed hour; and these and other evil omens keep arising."

6.26.31 "We believe Rāma to be Viṣṇu himself, who has assumed a human body; for that Rāghava of firm prowess is not a mere human being."

6.26.32 "By whom that most wondrous bridge across the ocean has been built — make peace with that king of men, Rāma, O Rāvaṇa."

6.26.33 Having spoken these words there and gauging the mind of the lord of rākṣasas, Mālyavān — that powerful one of supreme manly prowess among the greatest — fell silent and waited, watching Rāvaṇa.

6.27.1 But that beneficial speech spoken by Mālyavān, the ten-faced one, evil-souled and fallen under the sway of Time, did not receive with patience.

6.27.2 He, having knitted his brows on his face, having come under the sway of anger, his eyes rolling with indignation, then spoke to Mālyavān.

6.27.3 "That harsh speech which is spoken with an ostensibly beneficial intention but is actually harmful, spoken by one who has gone over to the enemy's side — this does not enter my ears."

6.27.4 "By what reasoning do you consider that wretched Rāma, a mere human, alone and dependent on tree-dwelling monkeys, abandoned by his father to a forest dwelling, to be capable?"

6.27.5 "By what reasoning do you consider me, lord of the rākṣasas and cause of terror to the gods, to be inferior — me who is not inferior in any of the heroic arts?"

6.27.6 "I suspect you have spoken these harsh words to me out of hatred for heroes, out of partiality toward the enemy, or out of encouragement by the other side."

6.27.7 "For who among the learned, who know the essence of the scriptures, would speak harshly to one who is powerful and established in his position, without being instigated by the enemy?"

6.27.8 "Having brought Sītā from the forest — like Śrī deprived of her lotus — why should I return her out of fear of Rāghava?"

6.27.9 "Within a few days you shall see Rāghava together with Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa, surrounded by tens of millions of vānaras, slain by me."

6.27.10 "Rāvaṇa, before whom even the gods do not stand firm in single combat and in battle — why should he harbour fear in war?"

6.27.11 "I would sooner be split in two than bow to anyone; this is an innate fault in me, a nature difficult to overcome."

6.27.12 "And if a bridge was built across the ocean by Rāma merely by chance, what wonder is there in that, that fear has come upon you because of it?"

6.27.13 "But that Rāma, having crossed the ocean with his vānara army — I promise you truly he shall not return alive."

6.27.14 Recognizing Rāvaṇa as he spoke thus, inflamed and enraged, Mālyavān, abashed, did not offer any reply.

6.27.15 Having duly pronounced the benediction of victory upon the king in the fitting manner, Mālyavān, having received leave to depart, went to his own dwelling.

6.27.16 But Rāvaṇa the rākṣasa, having deliberated and reflected together with his ministers, caused the incomparable fortification of Laṅkā to be arranged.

6.27.17 He assigned the rākṣasa Prahasta to the eastern gate, and the two great-valiant ones, Mahāpārśva and Mahōdara, to the southern gate.

6.27.18 And to the western gate he likewise assigned his son Indrajit, the master of great illusion, surrounded by many rākṣasas.

6.27.19 Having assigned Śuka and Sāraṇa to the northern city gate, he said to those ministers: "I myself shall be here."

6.27.20 And the rākṣasa Virūpākṣa, of great might and valour, he stationed in the central reserve force together with many rākṣasas.

6.27.21 Having made these arrangements for Laṅkā, that bull among rākṣasas considered his purpose accomplished — though he had come under the sway of Fate.

6.27.22 He then dismissed the ministers having commanded the complete arrangement of the city's defence; honoured with benedictions of victory and hymns by the assembly of counsellors, he entered his great and opulent inner palace.

6.28.1 Those two kings, of men and monkeys, and Hanūmat the son of the Wind, Jāmbavān king of the bears, and Vibhīṣaṇa the rākṣasa —

6.28.2 Aṅgada son of Vālin, Lakṣmaṇa son of Sumitrā, the monkey Śarabha, Suṣeṇa with his kinsmen, and Mainda and Dvivida —

6.28.3 Gaja, Gavākṣa, Kumuda, Nala, and Panasa — having reached the territory of the enemy, they assembled and deliberated.

6.28.4 "This is that Laṅkā, seen before us now, the city guarded by Rāvaṇa — unconquerable even by asuras, serpents, gandharvas, and the immortal gods."

6.28.5 "With success of our mission as the foremost aim, deliberate and reach a firm resolve, for Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, is ever present here within."

6.28.6 While they were speaking thus, Vibhīṣaṇa, younger brother of Rāvaṇa, spoke words refined in diction and rich in meaning:

6.28.7 "Anala, Śarabha, Saṃpāti, and Praghasa — my ministers — went to the city of Laṅkā and have now returned here."

6.28.8 "Disguising themselves as birds, they all entered the enemy's forces, observed every arrangement that had been made, and then came back."

6.28.9 "O Rāma, hear from me all the dispositions of that evil-souled Rāvaṇa exactly as they have reported them:"

6.28.10 "At the eastern gate, Prahasta stands in force. At the southern gate stand the two of great valor, Mahāpārśva and Mahodara."

6.28.11 "Indrajit holds the western gate, surrounded by many rākṣasas bearing swords and bows, and carrying tridents and maces in their hands."

6.28.12 "Rāvaṇa's son is surrounded by heroes armed with various weapons, and by many thousands of rākṣasas with weapons in hand."

6.28.13 "Alert and extremely vigilant, surrounded by many rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa himself has taken his post at the northern gate of the city."

6.28.14 "Virūpākṣa, with a great force of rākṣasas bearing tridents, swords, and bows, has taken up position at the central reserve."

6.28.15 "Having observed all these guard-posts of this kind in Laṅkā, all my ministers swiftly returned here."

6.28.16 "In the city there are a thousand elephants, ten thousand chariots, twenty thousand horses, and more than a crore of rākṣasas."

6.28.17 "These night-rangers are valiant and powerful, aggressive in battle, and are ever the favorites of the king of rākṣasas."

6.28.18 "O lord of the people, for each single rākṣasa in battle readiness, a retinue of a thousand thousand stands in attendance."

6.28.19 Having reported this intelligence of Laṅkā as related by his ministers, Vibhīṣaṇa then spoke this reply to lotus-eyed Rāma:

6.28.20 "O Rāma, when Rāvaṇa fought against Kubera, sixty hundred thousand rākṣasas marched out to battle."

6.28.21 "He who equals Rāvaṇa the evil-souled in prowess, valor, energy, and the dignity of spirit — and matches him in pride —

6.28.22 "— let no anger be felt on this account; I do not mean to provoke or frighten you, for you are capable by your valor even of subduing the gods."

6.28.23 "Therefore, surrounded by a great fourfold army, you shall array this monkey host and crush Rāvaṇa."

6.28.24 As Rāvaṇa's younger brother was speaking thus, Rāghava spoke these words with the purpose of repelling his enemies:

6.28.25 "Let Nīla, foremost among monkeys, surrounded by many monkeys, be the combatant to oppose Prahasta at Laṅkā's eastern gate."

6.28.26 "And Aṅgada son of Vālin, attended by a great force, shall press hard at the southern gate against Mahāpārśva and Mahodara."

6.28.27 "Hanūmat, son of the Wind, of immeasurable soul, shall overwhelm the western gate and enter in, surrounded by many monkeys."

6.28.28 "He who delights in outraging hosts of daityas, dānavas, and great-souled sages — that vile one, emboldened by the boon he has received —

6.28.29 "— who roams through all the worlds tormenting its creatures: against that lord of rākṣasas I myself am resolved for his slaying."

6.28.30 "I, together with Lakṣmaṇa son of Sumitrā, shall assault and enter the northern gate of the city with my full force, where Rāvaṇa stands."

6.28.31 "The mighty king of monkeys, Sugrīva, the king of bears Jāmbavān, and the younger brother of the lord of rākṣasas, Vibhīṣaṇa — let them remain at the central reserve."

6.28.32 "The monkeys must not assume human form in battle — let this be our distinguishing mark for the monkey forces in this war."

6.28.33 "Monkeys alone shall be the distinction recognized among our own people; but we seven shall fight the enemies in human form."

6.28.34 "I myself, with my brother Lakṣmaṇa of great might — and this Vibhīṣaṇa, my friend, as the fifth of our own number —"

6.28.35 Having spoken thus to Vibhīṣaṇa with the aim of accomplishing his purpose, wise Rāma formed the resolve to ascend Mount Suvela.

6.28.36 Then great-souled Rāma, covering all the earth with his mighty host, joyous in bearing and with his mind fixed on the slaying of the enemy, great-souled as he was, advanced toward Laṅkā.

6.29.1 Having resolved upon ascending Suvela, Rāma, followed by Lakṣmaṇa, spoke these words to Sugrīva:

6.29.2 — and with gentle and excellent speech addressed Vibhīṣaṇa, that night-ranger who knows righteousness, who is devoted, learned in counsel, and skilled in procedure:

6.29.3 "Let us all ascend this lord of mountains, Suvela, resplendent with a hundred minerals, and spend this night here."

6.29.4 "And we shall survey Laṅkā, the abode of that rākṣasa, that evil-souled one who carried off my wife to bring about his own death."

6.29.5 "By whom neither righteousness was understood, nor conduct, nor lineage — by whom, with the vile intellect of a rākṣasa, that censurable deed was done."

6.29.6 "At whose very mention my fury mounts, that most base of rākṣasas — on account of whose transgression I shall witness the destruction of the rākṣasas."

6.29.7 "For one who is in the grip of the noose of Time commits sin alone, and through that base one's self-wrought transgression, his entire lineage perishes."

6.29.8 Speaking thus in counsel, his anger directed at Rāvaṇa, Rāma climbed Suvela with its variegated peaks for his night's lodging.

6.29.9 Behind him Lakṣmaṇa followed, composed and attentive, raising his great bow with its arrow nocked, delighting in great feats of valor.

6.29.10 Sugrīva ascended after him, along with his ministers, and Vibhīṣaṇa; Hanūmat, Aṅgada, Nīla, Mainda, and Dvivida as well.

6.29.11 Gaja, Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Śarabha, Gandhamādana, Panasa, Kumuda, and the troop-leader Hara and Rambha —

6.29.12 — these and many other monkeys, swift of movement, swift as the wind's rush, those frequenters of mountains, climbed by the hundreds Mount Suvela where Rāghava was.

6.29.13 In no long time, having climbed the mountain on all sides, they saw the city on its summit, hanging as it were suspended in the sky.

6.29.14 The leaders of monkey troops saw Laṅkā, beautiful, with its magnificent gates, graced by its excellent ramparts, and filled with rākṣasas.

6.29.15 Those foremost among monkeys saw another wall formed by dark-bodied night-rangers stationed upon the battlements — a living rampart.

6.29.16 All the monkeys, seeing those rākṣasas eager for battle, let out mighty roars there in Rāma's sight.

6.29.17 Then the sun set, flushed with the hues of dusk, and night drew near, lit by the full moon like a lamp.

6.29.18 Then Rāma, lord of the monkey host, greeted and honored by Vibhīṣaṇa, together with Lakṣmaṇa and surrounded by throngs of troop-leaders, rested comfortably on the crest of Suvela.

6.30.1 Having passed that night there on Suvela, those mighty monkey heroes, those warriors, beheld the groves and gardens of Laṅkā.

6.30.2 Even, pleasant, broad, and extensive — delightful to the eye — seeing them, they were filled with wonder.

6.30.3 Teeming with campaka, aśoka, puṃnāga, śāla, and palm trees, overhung with groves of tamāla, wrapped in garlands of nāga trees —

6.30.4 — with hintāla and arjuna trees, nīpa, and flowering saptaparṇa, tilaka, karṇikāra, and pāṭalī on every side —

6.30.5 — Laṅkā shone splendid with trees whose boughs were in bloom, entwined with creepers, and adorned with many kinds of divine plants, like Indra's Amarāvatī.

6.30.6 With variegated flowers, red and tender shoots, stretches of blue-green lawn, and colorful rows of forest trees —

6.30.7 — the trees there bore fragrant, beautiful flowers and fruits, wearing them like ornaments, as men do.

6.30.8 That forest, resembling Caitraratha, charming, comparable to Nandana, blooming in all seasons, lovely, swarming with bees, shone splendidly.

6.30.9 The sound of natyūha and koyaṣṭibhaka birds, of dancing peacocks, and the call of cuckoos was heard near the forest waterfalls.

6.30.10 The groves, ever resonant with intoxicated birds, frequented by bees, filled with flocks of cuckoos, and resounding with the calls of birds —

6.30.11 — sung over by bhrṅgarāja birds, attended by bumblebees, ringing with the cry of koṇālaka birds, and resonant with the calls of sārasa cranes —

6.30.12 — into those groves and gardens the monkey heroes, shape-changers at will, then entered, joyful and full of delight.

6.30.13 As those monkeys of great might entered there, a wind blew that was fragrant with the mingling of flowers, pleasant to the breath.

6.30.14 But other troop-leaders, issuing from the bands of monkey heroes with Sugrīva's permission, advanced toward banner-bearing Laṅkā.

6.30.15 Those foremost among the roaring ones frightened the birds, terrified the deer and elephants, and shook Laṅkā itself with their war-cries.

6.30.16 Those swift-moving ones caused the earth to tremble under the tread of their feet, and the dust raised by those feet leaped up into the sky all at once.

6.30.17 Bears, lions, wild boars, buffaloes, elephants, and deer, terrified by that noise, fled in panic in all ten directions.

6.30.18 And one tall summit of Trikūṭa, touching the sky, carpeted all around with flowers, resembling great silver —

6.30.19 — a hundred yojanas in breadth, pure, beautiful to behold, smooth, magnificent, vast, and inaccessible even to birds —

6.30.20 — difficult to scale even in the mind, how much more so by human physical effort — upon that summit sat Laṅkā, guarded by Rāvaṇa.

6.30.21 That city shone with tall gate-towers resembling white clouds, and with pillars of gold and silver.

6.30.22 Adorned supremely with palaces and aerial mansions, Laṅkā resembled at the end of summer the middle realm of Viṣṇu, laden with rain-clouds.

6.30.23 Within it a palace adorned with a thousand pillars was visible, shaped like the peak of Kailāsa, soaring upward as if to pierce the sky.

6.30.24 That sanctuary of the lord of rākṣasas was the ornament of the city, guarded at all times by a full hundred rākṣasas.

6.30.25 Rāma, elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa, possessing all prosperity, himself wealthy in purpose, beheld Rāvaṇa's city, rich and opulent, together with the monkeys.

6.30.26 Rāma beheld that city filled with jewels, of many elaborate arrangements, adorned with rows of palaces, its gates fortified with great siege-engines — and he beheld it with his mighty host.

6.31.1 Then, having observed those omens, the elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa spoke these words to the illustrious Lakṣmaṇa.

6.31.2 "Having secured cool water and fruit-bearing forests, let us divide our masses of troops, array them in formation, and stand ready, O Lakṣmaṇa.

6.31.3 I see a terrible danger approaching—one that will bring destruction to the world—the slaughter of mighty warriors among bears, monkeys, and rākṣasas alike.

6.31.4 The winds blow harshly, the earth quakes, the mountain peaks tremble, and great hills come crashing down.

6.31.5 Clouds resembling carrion-eaters, harsh and harsh-sounding, rain down cruelly, mixed with drops of blood.

6.31.6 The twilight glow is exceedingly dreadful, resembling red sandalwood, and a blazing disc of fire falls from the sun.

6.31.7 Wild beasts and birds, wretched and mournful in voice, cry toward the sun, portending great terror—they are inauspicious and grim.

6.31.8 At night the moon burns without proper light, its rays bordered with black and red, as at the dissolution of the world.

6.31.9 The solar halo is small, rough, inauspicious, and intensely red; and a dark mark is seen on the disc of the sun, O Lakṣmaṇa.

6.31.10 The stars do not appear as they should, and the moment at hand portends, as it seems, the end of an age for the world—behold, Lakṣmaṇa!

6.31.11 Crows, hawks, and vultures wheel low overhead, and jackals cry with great voices—but their cries are inauspicious omens.

6.31.12 Therefore, swiftly today let us advance upon that city difficult to assail, the city guarded by Rāvaṇa, surrounding it on all sides with our monkey forces."

6.31.13 Saying these words to Lakṣmaṇa, the mighty elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa—that hero of great strength—swiftly descended from the mountain summit.

6.31.14 Having descended from that mountain, the righteous-souled Rāghava reviewed his own army, which was utterly difficult for the enemy to assail.

6.31.15 Then Rāghava, who knew the right moment, girded himself together with Sugrīva, and at the proper time urged the vast army of the monkey king forward to battle.

6.31.16 Then the long-armed archer, surrounded by his great force, marched forth at the right hour, moving to the fore, his face turned toward the city of Laṅkā.

6.31.17 Vibhīṣaṇa, Sugrīva, Hanūmān, Jāmbavān, Nala, the king of bears, Nīla, and Lakṣmaṇa all followed him then.

6.31.18 Then behind them followed the vast army of bears and forest-dwelling monkeys, covering the great earth as they went, following Rāghava.

6.31.19 The monkeys, mighty as elephants and rivals of the greatest elephants, seized by the hundreds mountain peaks and great full-grown trees.

6.31.20 Within a short time those two brothers, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa—tamers of foes—had reached Laṅkā, the city of Rāvaṇa.

6.31.21 That city, beautiful with its garlands of banners, adorned with gardens and groves, with variegated ramparts, exceedingly difficult to approach, with lofty walls and gateways—

6.31.22 —that city difficult to assail even for the gods: urged by Rāma's command, the forest-dwellers encircled it in their assigned positions and encamped.

6.31.23 Rāma, the archer, together with his younger brother, guarded and blockaded the northern gate of Laṅkā, which rose high like a mountain peak.

6.31.24 And Rāma, son of Daśaratha, that hero attended by Lakṣmaṇa, having encamped around Laṅkā, kept watch over the city ruled by Rāvaṇa.

6.31.25 Taking his stand at the northern gate where Rāvaṇa himself was stationed—for none other than Rāma was capable of guarding that gate.

6.31.26 That terrible gate held by Rāvaṇa—like the ocean held by Varuṇa—guarded on all sides by fearsome rākṣasas with weapons, strike terror into the timid as does Pātāla guarded by dānavas.

6.31.27 He saw arrayed there many varied masses of weapons belonging to the warriors, and likewise their armour.

6.31.28 At the eastern gate, Nīla, lord of the monkey host, valiant and mighty, took his stand together with Mainda and Dvivida.

6.31.29 Aṅgada, of immense strength, seized the southern gate, together with Ṛṣabha, Gavākṣa, Gaja, and Gavaya.

6.31.30 The powerful monkey Hanūmān guarded the western gate, accompanied by Pramāthin, Praghasa, and other heroes.

6.31.31 In the central reserve Sugrīva himself took his stand, together with all the foremost monkeys who were like Garuḍa and the wind in speed.

6.31.32 Thirty-six crores of monkeys, renowned troop-leaders, massed and encamped there where the monkey Sugrīva had stationed himself.

6.31.33 By Rāma's command, Lakṣmaṇa together with Vibhīṣaṇa stationed a crore of monkeys at each gate, gate by gate.

6.31.34 To the west of Rāma, Sugrīva along with Jāmbavān took his position not far away in the central reserve, followed by many forces.

6.31.35 Those tiger-like monkeys, like tigers with their fangs, seized trees and mountain peaks and stood ready for battle with joy in their hearts.

6.31.36 All had waving tails, all were armed with fangs and claws as weapons, all had strange and varied markings on their bodies, and all had formidable faces.

6.31.37 Some had the strength of ten elephants, some even ten times more than that; some equalled in valor a thousand elephants.

6.31.38 Some had the strength of a flood in spate; some were yet a hundredfold greater; and other monkey troop-leaders present there had immeasurable strength.

6.31.39 The gathering of those monkey armies there was wonderful and varied—like the swarming of locusts.

6.31.40 The sky seemed completely filled and the earth seemed entirely covered by the monkeys as they encamped around Laṅkā and leapt about.

6.31.41 A hundred times a hundred thousand bears and forest-dwellers separately came to the gates of Laṅkā; others came from all sides eager to fight.

6.31.42 That mountain was surrounded on all sides by those leaping beings, and ten million thousands of them advanced upon that city.

6.31.43 With mighty monkeys bearing trees, Laṅkā was hemmed in on all sides—impenetrable even to the wind.

6.31.44 The rākṣasas were struck with amazement when suddenly they were pressed in upon by monkeys resembling clouds in mass and equal to Indra in valor.

6.31.45 A mighty roar arose there as the flood of troops advanced, like the sound of the waters of the ocean when it is breached.

6.31.46 By that great sound, all of Laṅkā—with its ramparts and gateways, together with its mountains, forests, and groves—was set trembling.

6.31.47 That army, protected by Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa and by Sugrīva, became more difficult to assail than by all gods and asuras combined.

6.31.48 Having thus deployed his army for the destruction of the rākṣasas, and having deliberated with his counsellors and resolved upon a course of action again and again—

6.31.49 —intent on immediate action, knowing the true import of orderly method, mindful of royal duty with Vibhīṣaṇa's consent, Rāghava summoned Aṅgada, the son of Vālin, and spoke thus:

6.31.50 "Go, dear monkey, and speak these words of mine to the ten-necked one—leaping over the city of Laṅkā, free from fear, with no anxiety:

6.31.51 'O you whose glory has departed, whose sovereignty is gone, who desires death, whose sense has been destroyed—you who have wronged sages, gods, gandharvas, and apsarases,

6.31.52 nāgas, yakṣas, and kings, O night-roaming rākṣasa—the evil you have done through delusion and arrogance—

6.31.53 —that arrogance born of the Self-Existent's boon has surely now departed. I—I who wield the rod of punishment, worn down by the abduction of my wife—stand bearing the rod of punishment at the gate of Laṅkā.

6.31.54 You shall go, O rākṣasa, slain by me, to the same realm as the gods, the great seers, and all the royal sages.

6.31.55 O basest of rākṣasas, show now that strength and that māyā by which you carried off Sītā, eluding me.

6.31.56 With my sharpened arrows I shall make this world free of rākṣasas—unless you come to me for refuge, bringing the daughter of Mithilā.

6.31.57 The righteous-souled Vibhīṣaṇa, the best of rākṣasas, who has come to me—he will surely and without hindrance obtain the prosperous sovereignty of Laṅkā.

6.31.58 For you—with your foolish counsellors, sinful and with self unconquered—cannot enjoy the kingdom through unrighteousness even for a moment.

6.31.59 Or else, summoning your courage and holding fast to your valor, fight, O rākṣasa—slain in battle by my arrows, you shall then be purified.

6.31.60 If you should enter the three worlds transformed to a bird and swift as thought, once you fall within sight of my eyes you shall not return alive.'"

6.31.61 "I speak words of counsel to you: perform your last rites, take a good look at Laṅkā—your life rests in my hands."

6.31.62 Thus addressed by Rāma of untiring deeds, Aṅgada, son of Tārā, entered the sky and went forth like fire incarnate.

6.31.63 In a moment the illustrious one had overflown and beheld Rāvaṇa seated calmly in his palace together with his ministers.

6.31.64 Then the foremost monkey Aṅgada, wearing golden armlets, alighted not far from him and stood like a blazing fire.

6.31.65 He made known his own identity, and then caused Rāvaṇa and his ministers to hear all of Rāma's excellent message, neither less nor more.

6.31.66 "I am a messenger of Rāma, lord of Kosala, of untiring deeds. I am named Aṅgada, son of Vālin—if that name has reached your ears.

6.31.67 Rāma the Rāghava, increaser of Kausalyā's joy, says to you: 'Come out, O cruel lowest of men, and fight in return.'

6.31.68 'I shall slay you together with your ministers, your sons, kinsmen, and relatives. With you slain, the three worlds shall be free of anxiety.'

6.31.69 'Today I shall extract you, who are the enemy and thorn of gods, dānavas, yakṣas, gandharvas, serpents, rākṣasas, and sages.'

6.31.70 'And Vibhīṣaṇa shall obtain sovereignty when you are slain—unless you honor the daughter of Videha and return her with due reverence.'"

6.31.71 As the foremost monkey spoke these harsh words, the lord of the night-roaming host fell prey to indignation.

6.31.72 Then with eyes reddened by rage he commanded his ministers repeatedly: "Seize this fool! Kill him!"

6.31.73 Hearing Rāvaṇa's words—he whose splendor matched blazing fire—four terrible night-roaming rākṣasas then seized Aṅgada.

6.31.74 That hero, son of Tārā, allowed himself to be seized in order to display his strength before the host of yātudhānas.

6.31.75 Seizing those four who were clinging to his two arms as though they were birds, Aṅgada leapt up with them to the palace, which was like a mountain.

6.31.76 Shaken off in midair by his momentum, all those rākṣasas fell to the ground before the eyes of the lord of rākṣasas.

6.31.77 Then the pinnacle of the palace, lofty as a mountain peak, shattered under his feet before the eyes of the ten-necked Rāvaṇa.

6.31.78 Having shattered the palace pinnacle, having made his name resound, and having roared a mighty roar, he leapt up into the sky.

6.31.79 But Rāvaṇa burned with extreme anger at the violation of his palace, and foreseeing his own destruction, he fell to heavy sighing.

6.31.80 Meanwhile Rāma, desirous of slaying the enemy, advanced toward battle, surrounded by many joyfully roaring monkeys.

6.31.81 And the mighty Suṣeṇa, that monkey resembling a mountain peak, was surrounded there by many monkeys who could change form at will.

6.31.82 At Sugrīva's command, that invincible monkey ranged past all four gates, like the moon moving through the constellations.

6.31.83 Having reviewed a hundred akṣauhiṇī battalions of the forest-dwellers encamped around Laṅkā, and having crossed the ocean—

6.31.84 —the rākṣasas were struck with wonder; some were seized with fear; yet others, excited by battle-ardor, felt only the excitement.

6.31.85 The wretched rākṣasas saw the entire space within rampart and moat filled with monkeys—the walls had become a wall of monkeys.

6.31.86 When that great and fearful tumult broke out in the city of the rākṣasa king, the rākṣasas seized their great weapons and moved about like winds at the end of an age.

6.32.1 Then those rākṣasas went to Rāvaṇa's palace and reported that the city had been blockaded by Rāma together with the monkeys.

6.32.2 Hearing that the city was blockaded, the night-roaming Rāvaṇa was seized with anger; having ordered the deployment redoubled, he climbed to the palace roof.

6.32.3 He saw Laṅkā with its mountains, forests, and groves completely surrounded on all sides by innumerable bands of monkeys eager for battle.

6.32.4 Seeing the entire earth swallowed up by monkeys, he fell into deep thought as to how they might be destroyed.

6.32.5 Having reflected at length and steadying himself with composure, Rāvaṇa with his wide eyes gazed upon Rāghava and the monkey troops.

6.32.6 As the lord of rākṣasas watched, those armies in their divisions climbed upon Laṅkā then, eager to please Rāghava.

6.32.7 They—copper-faced, golden in hue, their lives surrendered for Rāma's sake—stormed Laṅkā itself, armed with sāla trees, palm trees, and boulders.

6.32.8 The leaping monkeys with trees, mountain peaks, and bare fists smashed the tall palace towers and the gateways.

6.32.9 The monkeys filled the moats—which had been full of clear water—with earth, mountain peaks, grass, and timber.

6.32.10 Then troop-leaders commanding a thousand troops each, and those commanding a crore each, and others commanding a hundred crore troops, all climbed upon Laṅkā.

6.32.11 The leaping monkeys crushed the golden gateways and destroyed the gopura towers, which resembled the peaks of mount Kailāsa.

6.32.12 Leaping, bounding, and roaring, the monkeys—resembling great elephants—advanced upon Laṅkā.

6.32.13 "Victory to Rāma, supremely mighty! Victory to the great-armed Lakṣmaṇa! Victory to king Sugrīva, protected by Rāghava!"

6.32.14 Shouting and roaring in this way, the monkeys who could take any form they wished rushed at the walls of Laṅkā.

6.32.15 Vīrabāhu, Subāhu, and Nala who ranged the forest—those monkey troop-leaders massed themselves and encamped against the rampart.

6.32.16 In the meantime they established an encampment of the main divisions.

6.32.17 The mighty Kumuda surrounded the eastern gate, taking his stand encircled by ten crores of monkeys who bore the look of conquerors.

6.32.18 The heroic monkey Śatabali came to the southern gate; the mighty one took his stand there encircled by twenty crores.

6.32.19 Suṣeṇa, the father of Tārā, that monkey, went to the western gate; the mighty one took his stand there surrounded by sixty crores.

6.32.20 Rāma, together with the son of Sumitrā, took his stand at the northern gate, mighty and encircling it; and Sugrīva, lord of monkeys, stood there too.

6.32.21 The great-bodied Golāṅgūla, and Gavākṣa of fearsome appearance—both mighty heroes—each surrounded by a crore, stood at Rāma's flank.

6.32.22 Dhūmra, destroyer of enemies, mightiest among the terrifyingly swift bears, surrounded by a crore, stood at Rāma's side.

6.32.23 Vibhīṣaṇa, fully armored, mighty and valiant, mace in hand, stood there surrounded by his ministers—that man of great strength.

6.32.24 Gaja, Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Śarabha, and Gandhamādana ranged about on all sides, guarding the monkey army.

6.32.25 Then Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, his soul consumed by rage, commanded the immediate march out of all his forces.

6.32.26 Then the soldiers sallied forth joyfully, urged on by Rāvaṇa, like the surge of the great ocean at the moment of high tide.

6.32.27 In the meantime a terrible battle broke out between the rākṣasas and the monkeys, as of old between the gods and asuras.

6.32.28 Those terrible rākṣasas, proclaiming their own valor, struck down the monkeys with blazing maces, lances, spears, and battle-axes.

6.32.29 Likewise the great-bodied monkeys with trees and mountain peaks, and the rākṣasas with those same weapons—swift with claws and teeth—struck at one another.

6.32.30 Other fearsome rākṣasas standing on the ramparts tore apart those on the ground below with slings, swords, and spears.

6.32.31 And the monkeys too, greatly enraged—those on the ground—leapt up and hurled down the rākṣasas who stood on the ramparts.

6.32.32 That tumultuous clash between the rākṣasas and monkeys, a quagmire of flesh and blood, was like nothing ever seen before—a wonder beyond compare.

6.33.1 Then, as those great-souled monkeys were fighting, there arose among the rākṣasas an extremely fierce surge of force and fury.

6.33.2 With horses bearing golden trappings, with banners like flames of fire, with chariots brilliant as the sun, and with beautiful armor—

6.33.3 —the tiger-like rākṣasas of fearful deeds marched out, making the ten directions resound, desiring victory for Rāvaṇa.

6.33.4 The great army of monkeys, desiring victory, advanced against that army of rākṣasas who could take any form at will.

6.33.5 In the meantime, as they charged at one another—rākṣasas and monkeys—single combat broke out.

6.33.6 Indrajit the rākṣasa, of great splendor, fought with Aṅgada son of Vālin, as Tryambaka once fought with Andhaka.

6.33.7 Saṃpāti fought with Prajaṅgha, ever fierce in battle; and Hanūmān the monkey took on Jambūmālin.

6.33.8 Vibhīṣaṇa, Rāvaṇa's younger brother—the rākṣasa of immense wrath—met in battle the swift and fierce Mitraghna.

6.33.9 The mighty Gaja fought along with the rākṣasa Tapana, while the greatly splendorous Nīla fought with Nikumbha.

6.33.10 The monkey-lord Sugrīva came to blows with Praghasa, while the illustrious Lakṣmaṇa met Virūpākṣa in battle.

6.33.11 The invincible rākṣasas Agniketu and Raśmiketu, and Suptaghna and Yajñakopa, all came together against Rāma.

6.33.12 The two leading monkeys Mainda and Dvivida, that pair of dreadful rākṣasas Vajramuṣṭi and Aśaniprabha, came face to face with each other.

6.33.13 The heroic, terrible, and war-indomitable rākṣasa Pratapana fought in battle with the swift and fierce Nala.

6.33.14 Suṣeṇa, renowned as the powerful son of Dharma, that great monkey fought along with Vidyunmālin.

6.33.15 And other fearsome monkeys joined single combats in many forms with yet other rākṣasas—many engaging many.

6.33.16 There was waged a great, tumultuous, hair-raising battle between the rākṣasas and monkeys—heroes all, each desiring victory.

6.33.17 Rivers of blood flowed from the bodies of monkeys and rākṣasas, carrying masses of matted hair, bearing along heaps of bodies.

6.33.18 Indrajit, enraged, struck the hero Aṅgada—destroyer of enemy armies—with his mace, as Śatakratu might strike with the vajra.

6.33.19 Then the illustrious and swift monkey Aṅgada struck in battle Indrajit's chariot—golden and of splendid markings—together with its horses and charioteer.

6.33.20 Saṃpāti, struck by Prajaṅgha with three arrows, slew Prajaṅgha at the forefront of battle with an aśvakarṇa tree.

6.33.21 The mighty Jambūmālin, standing in his chariot, enraged, pierced Hanūmān through the chest with a chariot-lance in battle.

6.33.22 Then Hanūmān, son of the Wind, mounting that very chariot, quickly crushed Jambūmālin himself with his palm, along with the chariot.

6.33.23 His body pierced by sharp arrows from the swift-handed rākṣasa, Gaja struck Tapana with a mountain peak and then with his fist.

6.33.24 Sugrīva, lord of monkeys, pierced and slew Praghasa—who seemed to be swallowing the armies—with a saptaparṇa tree.

6.33.25 Overwhelming the fearsome-looking rākṣasa with a shower of arrows, Lakṣmaṇa slew Virūpākṣa with a single shaft.

6.33.26 The invincible rākṣasa Agniketu, and Raśmiketu, and Suptaghna, and Yajñakopa all pierced Rāma with arrows.

6.33.27 Then Rāma, enraged, severed in battle the heads of all four of them with four terrible arrows resembling flames of fire.

6.33.28 Vajramuṣṭi, struck down in battle by Mainda with his bare fist, fell to the ground together with his chariot and horses, like a palace tower collapsed.

6.33.29 And Dvivida—whose touch was like thunderbolt and lightning—struck Aśaniprabha with a mountain peak before the eyes of all the rākṣasas.

6.33.30 Then Aśaniprabha in turn pierced with arrows like thunderbolts the monkey-lord Dvivida, that fighter with trees, in battle.

6.33.31 His body pierced through and through by arrows, Dvivida—overcome with rage—slew Aśaniprabha along with his chariot and horses with a sāla tree.

6.33.32 Nikumbha in battle pierced Nīla—who had the luster of a heap of dark collyrium—with sharp arrows, as the sun pierces a cloud with its rays.

6.33.33 Then again the swift-handed night-roaming Nikumbha pierced Nīla in battle with a hundred arrows, and laughed.

6.33.34 Then Nīla—like Viṣṇu in battle—severed Nikumbha's head in combat with the wheel of Nikumbha's own chariot, and the head of his charioteer too.

6.33.35 Vidyunmālin, standing in his chariot, struck Suṣeṇa with arrows adorned with gold and roared again and again.

6.33.36 Seeing him in his chariot, the foremost monkey Suṣeṇa swiftly brought down the chariot with a great mountain peak.

6.33.37 Vidyunmālin the night-roamer, endowed with agility, quickly leapt from the chariot and stood on the ground, mace in hand.

6.33.38 Then Suṣeṇa, the foremost monkey, possessed by rage, seized an immense boulder and charged at the night-roamer.

6.33.39 As he came charging, the night-roaming Vidyunmālin quickly struck the best of monkeys, Suṣeṇa, in the chest with his mace.

6.33.40 Though struck by that terrible mace blow, the incomparable foremost of monkeys hurled that boulder onto Vidyunmālin's chest in the great battle.

6.33.41 Struck by the boulder's impact, Vidyunmālin the night-roamer fell dead to the ground, his heart crushed.

6.33.42 Thus those heroic night-roaming rākṣasas were ground down in single combat by those heroic monkeys, as the daityas were once by the gods.

6.33.43 Struck and pierced with war-headed arrows, swords, maces, lances, tomaras, and paṭṭasas—and with battle-chariots and war-horses—

6.33.44 —with slain maddened elephants, and with fallen monkeys and rākṣasas, and with broken chariot-wheels, axles, yokes, and poles lying on the earth—the dreadful battlefield was haunted by packs of jackals.

6.33.45 Headless trunks of monkeys and rākṣasas sprang up in all directions in that tumultuous and crushing engagement comparable to the war of gods and asuras.

6.33.46 The night-roamers, being torn asunder by the foremost monkeys, their bodies smeared with blood, swiftly resumed fierce fighting, longing for the setting of the sun.

6.34.1 While those monkeys and rākṣasas were still fighting, the sun set and night came on — a night that robs creatures of their lives.

6.34.2 A night battle then broke out between those monkeys and rākṣasas — terrible foes bound together in mutual hatred, each craving victory.

6.34.3 "You are a rākṣasa!" cried the monkeys; "You are a monkey!" cried the rākṣasas — and so they slew one another in that dreadful darkness.

6.34.4 "Strike! Tear him apart!" — "Why do you flee?" — such a tremendous clamour was heard throughout that darkness.

6.34.5 Dark-complexioned rākṣasas clad in golden armour appeared in that darkness like mountain kings whose slopes blaze with luminous herbs.

6.34.6 In that impenetrable darkness, rākṣasas maddened by rage charged with great speed, devouring the monkeys.

6.34.7 Leaping upon horses adorned with golden crests and banners resembling tongues of fire, those rākṣasas, furious with terrible wrath, tore them apart with their sharp fangs.

6.34.8 Maddened with rage, they dragged and bit with their teeth at elephants, elephant riders, chariots flying banners and standards.

6.34.9 Lakṣmaṇa and Rāma, with arrows equal to venomous serpents, struck down the choicest rākṣasas whether visible or invisible.

6.34.10 The dust of the earth, churned up by the hooves of horses and thrown up by the rims of chariot wheels, choked the ears and eyes of the combatants.

6.34.11 While that dreadful, hair-raising battle raged, rivers of blood flowed swiftly there.

6.34.12 Then arose a din of kettle-drums, battle-drums, and paṇava drums, mingled with the sounds of conches and flutes — a sound beyond wonder.

6.34.13 The cries of rākṣasas who had been struck down and were groaning, and the clash of the monkeys' weapons, together raised an exceedingly dreadful sound.

6.34.14 The battlefield was strewn with an offering of weapons as flowers; it was hard to traverse, hard to enter, a quagmire of streaming blood.

6.34.15 That night was dreadful, sweeping away monkeys and rākṣasas alike — like the Night of Doom for all living beings, impossible to cross over.

6.34.16 Then in that dreadful darkness, the rākṣasas, filled with joy, charged straight at Rāma alone, raining arrows upon him.

6.34.17 The roar of those raging rākṣasas rushing forward was like the surging tumult of seven oceans.

6.34.18 Rāma felled six of those night-roamers with six sharp arrows keen as flames of fire — in the mere twinkling of an eye.

6.34.19 Yajñaśatru the irresistible, Mahāpārśva, Mahodara, Vajradaṃṣṭra, Mahākāya, and those two, Śuka and Sāraṇa —

6.34.20 — these were struck by Rāma's flood of arrows at every vital point, and withdrawing from the battle they survived with their remaining span of life.

6.34.21 Then the mighty Rāma, with arrows of golden-variegated shafts resembling tongues of fire, made the cardinal and intermediate directions clear.

6.34.22 Whatever other warrior rākṣasas stood facing Rāma also perished upon approaching him, like moths meeting a flame.

6.34.23 With thousands of shafts tipped with gold flying through the air, the night became brilliant, like an autumnal night lit with fireflies.

6.34.24 With the roaring of the rākṣasas and the battle-cries of the monkeys, that already dreadful night became even more dreadful.

6.34.25 By that great swelling sound on all sides, Mount Trikūṭa, filled with its caverns, seemed to roar back in echo.

6.34.26 Golāṅgūla monkeys of massive bodies, matching the darkness in their dark hue, seized night-roaming rākṣasas in their arms and devoured them.

6.34.27 Aṅgada, pressing forward in battle to slay the enemy, swiftly struck down Rāvaṇa's son Indrajit's charioteer and his horses.

6.34.28 But Indrajit, master of great illusion, his horses slain and his charioteer killed, abandoned his chariot and vanished right there before Aṅgada.

6.34.29 That wicked one, Rāvaṇa's son, fierce in battle, having vanished from sight — the heroic Rāvaṇi, empowered by the boon of Brahmā, maddened by rage — released sharp arrows blazing like thunderbolts while invisible.

6.34.30 That rākṣasa, enraged, pierced both Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa throughout all their limbs in battle with dreadful arrows made of nāgas.

6.35.1 The valiant prince Rāma, immensely powerful, seeking to track Indrajit's movements, dispatched ten monkey chieftains.

6.35.2 The two sons of Suṣeṇa, Nīla the foremost among monkeys, Aṅgada the son of Vālin, and swift Śarabha —

6.35.3 — Vinatā, Jāmbavān, the mighty Sānuprastha, Ṛṣabha, and Ṛṣabhaskandha — these the scorcher of foes commanded.

6.35.4 Those monkeys, greatly excited, lifting terrible trees, all leapt into the sky and searched the ten directions.

6.35.5 The son of Rāvaṇa, skilled in the science of missiles, checked the speed of those swift warriors with arrows even swifter, using his supreme weapon.

6.35.6 The monkeys of fearsome speed, wounded and struck by iron arrows, could not see him in the darkness — as one cannot see the sun covered by clouds.

6.35.7 Rāvaṇi, ever victorious in battle, drove deeply into Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa alone arrows that pierced every vital point.

6.35.8 The two heroic brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, their bodies covered without interval, were struck by the enraged Indrajit with serpent-arrows — arrows that had become serpents.

6.35.9 Blood flowed copiously through the wound-paths on both of them; those two shone like kiṃśuka trees in full bloom.

6.35.10 Then Rāvaṇi, his eyes reddened at the corners, resembling a heap of broken collyrium, invisible, spoke these words to the two brothers.

6.35.11 "Even Śakra, lord of the thirty gods, is incapable of seeing or approaching me when I fight invisibly — how much less you two?"

6.35.12 "I shall now, my soul seized with fury, send both Rāghava brothers — enveloped in a net of heron-feathered arrows — to the abode of Yama."

6.35.13 Having spoken thus, he pierced the two brothers — Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, knowers of dharma — with sharp arrows, and exulted and roared.

6.35.14 Dark as a heap of shattered collyrium, he drew his great bow and released dreadful arrows again and again in that great battle.

6.35.15 Then that heroic knower of vital points, driving sharp arrows into the vital points of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, roared again and again.

6.35.16 Those two, bound by the bond of arrows at the forefront of battle, could not even look up for the mere twinkling of an eye.

6.35.17 Then both of them, their every limb pierced, covered with arrow-thorns, swayed like the banner of great Indra released from its ropes.

6.35.18 Those two heroes, those two great bowmen, lords of the earth, staggering and weakened by the piercing of their vital points, fell to the ground.

6.35.19 Those two heroes lay on their hero's bed, drenched in blood, their every limb wrapped in arrows, agonized and in extreme pain.

6.35.20 Not a finger's breadth of their bodies was unpierced; not a part was not split, not a part was not transfixed from fingertip to the rest, by those straight-flying arrows.

6.35.21 Struck down by that cruel shape-shifting rākṣasa, the two of them bled profusely, like a pair of mountain springs flowing with water.

6.35.22 Rāma fell first, pierced in his vital points by the arrows of Indrajit who in his wrath had previously vanquished Śakra himself.

6.35.23 He shot him with nārāca arrows, ardha-nārāca arrows, bhalla arrows, añjalika arrows, vatsadanta arrows, siṃhadaṃṣṭra arrows, and kṣura arrows.

6.35.24 He lay on his warrior's bed, still holding his unstrung bow — its grip broken, triple-bent, ornamented with gold.

6.35.25 Seeing Rāma, that bull among men, fallen in the interval between the arrow-showers, Lakṣmaṇa lost all hope of life.

6.35.26 The two heroes, bound and fallen and lying there — the assembled monkeys, led by the son of the Wind, surrounded them and stood in utter sorrow, overwhelmed with the greatest grief.

6.36.1 Then the forest dwellers, looking over sky and earth, saw the two brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa sewn together by arrows.

6.36.2 When the rākṣasa had completed his deed and ceased — as a cloud ceases after raining — Sugrīva arrived at that place together with Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.36.3 Nīla, Dvivida, Mainda, Suṣeṇa, Sumukha, and Aṅgada quickly lamented for the two Rāghava princes together with Hanūmān.

6.36.4 Motionless, breathing faintly, drenched in floods of blood, covered with a mesh of arrows, rigid — they lay on their arrow-beds.

6.36.5 Hissing like serpents, motionless, their movement sluggish, their limbs smeared with flowing blood — they were like golden banners.

6.36.6 Those two heroes lay on the hero's bed, barely stirring, surrounded by monkey chieftains whose eyes were clouded with tears.

6.36.7 Seeing the two Rāghava princes fallen and enveloped in a net of arrows, all the monkeys along with Vibhīṣaṇa were stricken with anguish.

6.36.8 The monkeys scanned the sky and all directions but could not see Rāvaṇi in battle, veiled as he was by his māyā.

6.36.9 But Vibhīṣaṇa, looking through māyā with māyā, beheld his brother's son stationed there, though concealed by illusion.

6.36.10 By virtue of his boon, Vibhīṣaṇa saw that hero of incomparable deeds, unrivalled in combat, hidden from sight.

6.36.11 Indrajit, surveying his own deed and those two lying there, spoke in supreme delight, gladdening all the rākṣasas.

6.36.12 "The two mighty brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa — slayers of Dūṣaṇa and Khara — have been laid low by my arrows."

6.36.13 "These two cannot be freed from this bond of arrows even by all the gods, asuras, and hosts of sages combined."

6.36.14 "Because of these two, my father, brooding in grief, has been passing the night without his body touching his bed."

6.36.15 "Because of these two, all Laṅkā has been troubled like a river in the rains. That root-destroying calamity for all of us has been slain by me."

6.36.16 "All the exploits of Rāma, of Lakṣmaṇa, and of all the forest dwellers are now fruitless — like autumn clouds without rain."

6.36.17 Having spoken thus to all those rākṣasas standing around him, Rāvaṇi also struck all those monkey chieftains.

6.36.18 Having tormented them with floods of arrows and frightened the monkeys, the long-armed one laughed aloud and spoke this further word.

6.36.19 "Behold, rākṣasas! These two brothers together have been bound by me at the forefront of the army with a dreadful bond of arrows."

6.36.20 Thus addressed, all those rākṣasa fighters by cunning were filled with the greatest amazement and satisfied by that feat.

6.36.21 All those cloud-like rākṣasas roared great roars, and knowing Rāma to be slain, honoured Rāvaṇi.

6.36.22 Seeing both Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa motionless on the ground, barely breathing, he deemed them slain.

6.36.23 Filled with joy, Indrajit ever victorious in battle entered the city of Laṅkā, gladdening all the rākṣasas.

6.36.24 Seeing the bodies of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, their every limb and sub-limb heaped with shafts, fear overtook Sugrīva.

6.36.25 Vibhīṣaṇa spoke to that terrified king of monkeys, whose face was wet with tears, who was dejected, his eyes bewildered with grief.

6.36.26 "Enough of fear, Sugrīva; restrain the surge of tears. Such is the nature of battles — victory is not final for anyone."

6.36.27 "If, O hero, some portion of our fortune still remains, these two brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa will shake off their swoon."

6.36.28 "Steady yourself, O monkey, and steady me who am without a protector. For those devoted to truth and dharma there is no fear wrought by death."

6.36.29 Having spoken thus, Vibhīṣaṇa then wiped Sugrīva's beautiful eyes with his hand, wet with water.

6.36.30 Having wiped the face of that wise king of monkeys, he spoke these words, measured to the occasion and unperturbed.

6.36.31 "This is not the time, O king of monkeys, to give way to despondency. Even excessive love, at such an inopportune moment, conduces to death."

6.36.32 "Therefore, abandoning despondency — destroyer of every effort — let us consider what is beneficial for the armies led by Rāma."

6.36.33 "Or else, let Rāma be guarded until consciousness is lost no more; when the two Kākutsthas regain their senses, they will drive away our fear."

6.36.34 "This is nothing at all for Rāma; nor does Rāma wish to die. For the Fortune that abandons those whose life is spent will not abandon him."

6.36.35 "Therefore, comfort yourself and comfort your own forces, while I reassemble all the armies."

6.36.36 "These monkeys, O bull among monkeys, eyes dilated wide, seized with dread and fear, are whispering in each other's ears."

6.36.37 "Seeing me run forward to hearten the troops, let the monkeys abandon their fear as one discards a garland already worn."

6.36.38 Having heartened Sugrīva, the lord of rākṣasas Vibhīṣaṇa then heartened once more the scattered monkey army.

6.36.39 Meanwhile Indrajit, master of great illusion, surrounded by all his forces, entered the city of Laṅkā and approached his father.

6.36.40 There, saluting the seated Rāvaṇa with joined palms, he reported the joyful news to his father: Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa had been slain.

6.36.41 Rāvaṇa then leapt up with joy and embraced his son, in the midst of the rākṣasas, having heard that the two enemies had been laid low.

6.36.42 Smelling him on the head with affection and a gladdened heart, he questioned him; and to his father who questioned him, Indrajit reported everything just as it had occurred.

6.36.43 His inner heart carried away by the surge of joy, having heard the words of that great warrior, Rāvaṇa shed the fever that had arisen on account of Daśaratha's son; and rejoicing, he praised his son with words.

6.37.1 When the son of Rāvaṇa had re-entered Laṅkā, his mission accomplished, the foremost of the monkeys stood guard around Rāghava, anxious on his behalf.

6.37.2 Hanūmān, Aṅgada, Nīla, Suṣeṇa, Kumuda, Nala, Gaja, Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Śarabha, and Gandhamādana —

6.37.3 Jāmbavān, Ṛṣabha, Sunda, Rambha, Śatabali, and Pṛthu — all standing in battle array, alert, taking up trees on every side,

6.37.4 the monkeys scanned all directions, crosswise and above, and even when blades of grass stirred they thought it was a rākṣasa.

6.37.5 Rāvaṇa too, greatly pleased, having dismissed his son Indrajit, then summoned the rākṣasī women who guarded Sītā.

6.37.6 The rākṣasīs along with Trijaṭā appeared before him at his command. Then the lord of the rākṣasas, overjoyed, addressed those rākṣasī women.

6.37.7 "Announce to the daughter of Videha that Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa have been slain by Indrajit. Mount her on Puṣpaka and show her the two slain in battle."

6.37.8 "He who was her refuge and on whom she relied, the one for whose sake she would not come to me — that husband of hers, together with his brother, has been cast down on the battlefield."

6.37.9 "Sītā, the princess of Mithilā, free from doubt, free from distress, freed of all expectations, adorned with every ornament, will come to attend upon me."

6.37.10 "Having seen Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa, come under the sway of death on the battlefield today, with her hope extinguished and seeing no other recourse, she will turn to me."

6.37.11 Hearing those words of the evil-souled Rāvaṇa, those rākṣasī women replied "So be it" and went to where Puṣpaka stood.

6.37.12 Then the rākṣasīs, taking Puṣpaka by Rāvaṇa's command, brought the princess of Mithilā who was in the Aśoka grove.

6.37.13 Taking her — Sītā, utterly absorbed in grief for her husband — the rākṣasīs had her ascend the aerial vehicle Puṣpaka.

6.37.14 Then, having placed Sītā together with Trijaṭā on Puṣpaka, Rāvaṇa had Laṅkā decorated with garlands of banners and flags.

6.37.15 And the lord of the rākṣasas, filled with joy, proclaimed throughout Laṅkā: "Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa have been slain in battle by Indrajit."

6.37.16 And Sītā, traveling by that aerial vehicle with Trijaṭā, saw the entire monkey army laid low.

6.37.17 She saw the flesh-eating rākṣasas exulting in their minds, and the monkeys stricken with grief by the side of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa.

6.37.18 Then Sītā beheld them both lying on their beds of arrows — Lakṣmaṇa and Rāma — unconscious, tormented by shafts.

6.37.19 The two heroes, their armor shattered, their bows flung apart, every limb of their bodies cut by arrows, lay on the ground like pillars fashioned of arrows.

6.37.20 Seeing those two brothers there, those two bull-like men, Sītā, deeply afflicted with grief, lamented piteously.

6.37.21 She, struck by tears and sorrow, gazing at those two brothers equal in splendor to gods, contemplating their death, overcome with grief, spoke these words.

6.38.1 Seeing her husband slain and the mighty Lakṣmaṇa, Sītā lamented piercingly and piteously, worn down by grief.

6.38.2 "Those who read auspicious marks who said to me, 'You shall have sons, you shall not be widowed' — all of them, now that Rāma is slain, were ignorant and spoke falsehood."

6.38.3 "Those who perform sacrifices who called me the chief queen, and those who perform soma rites who called me their patron's wife — all of them now that Rāma is slain were ignorant and spoke falsehood."

6.38.4 "Those who knew me as 'wife of a heroic king' and called me fortunate — all of them now that Rāma is slain were ignorant and spoke falsehood."

6.38.5 "Those twice-born readers of fate who declared me auspicious when I was presented — all of them now that Rāma is slain were ignorant and spoke falsehood."

6.38.6 "Indeed these lotus marks on the feet, by which women are said to be consecrated to sovereignty alongside their husbands, kings of men —

6.38.7 "and those ill-omened marks by which women become widows, unfortunate and deprived of good fortune — seeing as I am one whose auspicious signs have been destroyed, I do not see those in myself."

6.38.8 "These lotus marks declared true for women according to physiognomy — they become meaningless for me today, now that Rāma is slain."

6.38.9 "My hair is fine, even, and dark; my eyebrows are not joined; my calves are rounded and hairless; my teeth are without gaps."

6.38.10 "My temples, eyes, hands, feet, and ankles are well-formed; my thighs are full; my nails are curved, smooth, and even; my fingers are well-proportioned."

6.38.11 "My two breasts are close-set and full with sunken nipples; my navel is deep and set high; and my flanks and chest are well-formed."

6.38.12 "My complexion is like a jewel, and my body hair is fine. Those who read twelve signs declared me established in auspicious marks."

6.38.13 "My palms and soles, with unbroken barleycorn lines and beautiful in color, and my gentle smile — by these the readers of maidens' marks recognized me."

6.38.14 "A consecration to sovereignty alongside my husband — what was declared by those brāhmaṇas skilled in the knowledge of fate, all of that has been made false."

6.38.15 "After clearing out Janasthāna, after obtaining news of me, after crossing the unfordable ocean — the two brothers have been slain as if in a puddle of water."

6.38.16 "Did not the two Rāghavas indeed command the water-weapon, the fire-weapon, the Indra-weapon, the wind-weapon, and the Brahmaśiras missile as well?"

6.38.17 "By means of illusion, by one unseen in battle, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa — the two lords equal to Vāsava, my protectors though I am without protection — have been slain."

6.38.18 "For no enemy, once he came within the field of vision of Rāghava in battle, could return alive, even if he were swift as thought."

6.38.19 "There is nothing too heavy for Time; Fate is utterly unconquerable — for here lies Rāma together with his brother, struck down in battle."

6.38.20 "I do not grieve so much for my slain husband, nor for Lakṣmaṇa, nor for myself, as I do for my mother-in-law, that ascetic woman."

6.38.21 "For she thinks constantly, 'When shall I see one whose vow is fulfilled and returned — when shall I see Sītā and Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa?'"

6.38.22 As she lamented thus, the rākṣasī Trijaṭā spoke to her: "Do not despair, my lady — your husband is alive."

6.38.23 "And I shall tell you the great and fitting reasons why these two brothers, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, are alive, my lady."

6.38.24 "For the faces of warriors in battle do not become flooded with anger and quivering with joy when their master has been slain."

6.38.25 "This divine aerial vehicle, called Puṣpaka by name, O daughter of Videha, would not bear you if these two were as dead as elephants slain."

6.38.26 "An army whose foremost heroes have been slain, with its energy destroyed and its effort collapsed, wanders about in battle like a rudderless ship on water."

6.38.27 "This army, on the other hand, unperturbed and undistressed, full of energy, protects the two Kākutsthas who have been overcome by illusion in battle."

6.38.28 "Therefore be completely reassured. By these signs from which good will arise, see that the two Kākutsthas are not slain. I tell you this out of affection."

6.38.29 "I have never spoken falsehood before, nor shall I ever speak it. Because of the pleasure I take in good conduct, you have entered my heart."

6.38.30 "These two cannot be conquered in battle even by the gods and asuras together with Indra. Having seen their faces, I have reported this to you."

6.38.31 "And observe this very great sign, O princess of Mithilā: though both of them are unconscious, their radiance does not depart from them."

6.38.32 "In general, in the faces of men who have lost their vital force and whose life has departed, a great change becomes visible."

6.38.33 "Abandon grief and pain and delusion, O daughter of Janaka. For the sake of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa it is not possible to cease living today."

6.38.34 Hearing those words of hers, Sītā, equal to the daughter of a god, joined her palms and said: "Let it be so" — the princess of Mithilā.

6.38.35 Then that swift Puṣpaka aerial vehicle was turned about, and Sītā, forlorn, was conducted back into Laṅkā itself by Trijaṭā.

6.38.36 Then, having descended from Puṣpaka together with Trijaṭā, she was conducted by the rākṣasī women back into the Aśoka grove itself.

6.38.37 Entering that pleasure-ground of the lord of the rākṣasas dense with many groves of trees, and gazing upon and reflecting on the two princes, Sītā fell into the deepest despair.

6.39.1 The two sons of Daśaratha, bound by a dreadful net of arrows, lay breathing like great serpents, drenched in blood.

6.39.2 All those foremost of the monkeys, the mighty ones with Sugrīva, stood surrounding the two great-souled princes, overwhelmed with grief.

6.39.3 In the meantime, the valiant Rāma regained consciousness, even though bound by arrows, through steadiness and the force of his vital spirit.

6.39.4 Then, seeing his brother — covered in blood, deeply afflicted, pierced through, his face downcast — he lamented, overcome with anguish.

6.39.5 "What need have I of Sītā, what need of life itself, I who now see my brother lying overcome in battle?"

6.39.6 "A woman equal to Sītā can be found by searching in the world. A brother equal to Lakṣmaṇa, a counselor and companion in war, cannot."

6.39.7 "I shall abandon my life before the eyes of the monkeys, if Sumitrā's joy-increasing son has attained the five elements."

6.39.8 "What shall I say to Kausalyā my mother? What to Kaikeyī? How shall I console mother Sumitrā, who longs to see her son?"

6.39.9 "How shall I comfort her, bereft of her child, trembling and crying out like an osprey, if I go back without him?"

6.39.10 "How shall I speak to Śatrughna and the illustrious Bharata? He went to the forest with me, and I have returned without him."

6.39.11 "Alas, I shall not be able to bear Sumitrā's reproach. I shall abandon my body here; I have no desire to live."

6.39.12 "Shame on me, a doer of evil deeds, ignoble — for whose sake this Lakṣmaṇa has fallen and lies on his bed of arrows, as if his life has departed."

6.39.13 "You, Lakṣmaṇa, always used to console me when I was deeply despondent. Now, your life gone, you are not able today to address me in my anguish."

6.39.14 "By whom many rākṣasas were struck down to the earth in battle today — on that same earth the hero himself lies, struck down by his enemies."

6.39.15 "Lying on this bed of arrows, drenched in his own blood, covered with a web of arrows, he shines like the sun going to its setting."

6.39.16 "Because his vital spots are struck by arrows, he cannot look up; and though he speaks no word of his pain, it is indicated by the redness of his gaze."

6.39.17 "Just as this great-splendored one followed me when I went to the forest, so too shall I follow him to the abode of Yama."

6.39.18 "A dear kinsman, ever devoted to me and ever in attendance on me — he has come to this condition today through the wicked conduct of an ignoble one like me."

6.39.19 "Even when provoked, the hero Lakṣmaṇa — I do not recall that he ever caused me to hear a harsh or displeasing word."

6.39.20 "He who could release five hundred arrows in a single surge, surpassing Kārtavīrya himself in the science of archery — that is Lakṣmaṇa."

6.39.21 "He who could counter weapons with weapons even against the great-souled Śakra — that same man now lies struck down on the earth, though fit for the most honored bed."

6.39.22 "And that false boast will surely consume me — that I did not make Vibhīṣaṇa king of the rākṣasas."

6.39.23 "At this very moment, Sugrīva, you ought to depart from here. The mighty lord of the rākṣasas may attack, considering me to be diminished."

6.39.24 "Placing Aṅgada at the fore, together with your army and your allies, Sugrīva, cross the ocean again by that same bridge."

6.39.25 "The deed accomplished by Hanūmān was one difficult for others in battle. I am satisfied with the king of the bears and with the lord of the golāṅgūla monkeys."

6.39.26 "The deed done by Aṅgada, and by Mainda and Dvivida, and the terrible battle fought in the conflict by Keśarin and Saṃpāti —"

6.39.27 "and the battle of Gavaya, Gavākṣa, Śarabha, Gaja, and other monkeys who abandoned their lives for my sake —"

6.39.28 "Fate cannot be overcome by human beings, O Sugrīva. But whatever was possible for a friend and companion to do, all of that, O scorcher of foes, has been done by you, who fear adharma."

6.39.29 "This duty of friendship has been done by all of you, O foremost of monkeys. Dismissed by me, you are all free to go wherever you wish."

6.39.30 All those monkeys heard his lament and let tears flow from their eyes, whose whites were darker than dark.

6.39.31 Then Vibhīṣaṇa, having stationed all the troops, came swiftly with mace in hand to where Rāghava was.

6.39.32 Seeing him advancing swiftly, dark as a mass of blue collyrium, all the monkeys fled, thinking him to be Rāvaṇa's son.

6.40.1 Then the great-spirited lord of monkeys, greatly powerful, spoke: "Why is this army distressed, like a ship tossed on water by a confused wind?"

6.40.2 Having heard the words of Sugrīva, Aṅgada son of Vālin said: "You do not see Rāma, nor Lakṣmaṇa of great might,

6.40.3 The two heroes, both sons of Daśaratha, covered over with a net of arrows — those two great-souled ones lying on a bed of shafts, drenched with blood."

6.40.4 Then Sugrīva, lord of the vānaras, spoke to his son Aṅgada: "I do not think this [distress] is without cause — there must be something to fear.

6.40.5 For see — these monkeys with downcast faces, having abandoned their weapons, flee in all directions out of terror, their eyes wide open with fright.

6.40.6 They feel no shame before one another, they do not look back behind them; they push each other aside and leap over the fallen."

6.40.7 At that moment the hero Vibhīṣaṇa, mace in hand, greeted Sugrīva and then looked toward Rāghava.

6.40.8 Seeing that Vibhīṣaṇa, who struck terror into the monkeys, Sugrīva spoke to Jāmbavān, the king of bears, who stood nearby:

6.40.9 "This one who has arrived is Vibhīṣaṇa, upon seeing whom the foremost of monkeys scatter in utter terror, suspecting him to be Rāvaṇa's son.

6.40.10 Quickly rally these thoroughly terrified ones who have fled in all directions, and announce that Vibhīṣaṇa has come."

6.40.11 Thus addressed by Sugrīva, Jāmbavān, king of the bears, calmed the fleeing monkeys and turned them back.

6.40.12 All those monkeys turned back once more, their agitation laid aside, having heard the words of the king of bears and having seen Vibhīṣaṇa himself.

6.40.13 But Vibhīṣaṇa, righteous in soul, seeing the bodies of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa covered with arrows, became distressed in all his senses.

6.40.14 Wiping their eyes with his hand moistened with tears, his heart crushed by grief, he wept and lamented aloud.

6.40.15 "These two, endowed with valor, brave in battle, fond of combat — they have been brought to this state by demons who fight with treachery.

6.40.16 These two, whose valor is straightforward, have been deceived by that wicked son of my brother, that evil-souled one, through the crooked cunning that is the way of rākṣasas.

6.40.17 Pierced through and through by arrows, drenched in blood, lying on the earth, these two appear like porcupines.

6.40.18 Those two foremost of men, relying on whose valor I had hoped to establish myself — they both lie as if in the sleep that destroys the body.

6.40.19 Living yet I am now ruined, my hope of regaining my kingdom lost, and the enemy Rāvaṇa made to fulfill his vow and have his desire."

6.40.20 Sugrīva, the lord of monkeys, possessed of fortitude, embraced the lamenting Vibhīṣaṇa and spoke these words:

6.40.21 "You shall obtain the kingdom in Laṅkā — of this there is no doubt, O knower of dharma. That Rāvaṇa, along with his son, shall not enjoy his kingdom here.

6.40.22 These two, Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa, though oppressed by arrows, will cast off their swoon and slay Rāvaṇa along with his host in battle."

6.40.23 Having thus consoled and reassured the rākṣasa, Sugrīva spoke to Suṣeṇa, his father-in-law, who stood at his side:

6.40.24 "Take the two brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, those tamers of foes when they regain consciousness, along with the host of brave monkeys, and go to Kiṣkindhā.

6.40.25 I, however, shall slay Rāvaṇa together with his son and kinsmen, and bring back the Maithilī, as Śakra [would recover] lost glory."

6.40.26 Having heard this, Suṣeṇa spoke a reply to the lord of the vānaras: "I myself witnessed the great and utterly dreadful war between the gods and asuras,

6.40.27 When the dānavas, skilled in the touch of arrows, experienced in weapons, struck the gods repeatedly, covering them with shafts again and again.

6.40.28 Those afflicted ones, unconscious and seemingly dead, Bṛhaspati treated with incantations imbued with mantras, and with medicinal herbs.

6.40.29 To fetch those herbs, let the monkeys — Saṃpāti, Panasa, and others — go swiftly with speed to the Milk Ocean.

6.40.30 The monkeys know of those great mountain-herbs — the divine Saṃjīvakaraṇī [life-restorer] and Viśalyā [arrow-extractor], fashioned by the gods.

6.40.31 [On] the mountains named Candra and Droṇa, foremost in the ocean — where the amṛta was churned forth — there those supreme medicinal herbs [grow].

6.40.32 Those supreme herbs placed there on the mountains by the gods — let this son of the Wind, Hanūmān, go there, O king."

6.40.33 At that very moment the wind swept through the clouds along with their lightning, and, stirring the waters of the ocean, seemed to shake the very mountains.

6.40.34 By the mighty gale of his wings, all the great island trees fell, their branches broken, with their roots, into the salt sea.

6.40.35 The hooded serpents dwelling there were terrified, and all the creatures of the sea swiftly entered the salt ocean.

6.40.36 Then after a moment all the monkeys beheld Garuḍa, son of Vinatā, of great might, blazing as it were like fire.

6.40.37 Seeing him arrive, those nāgas that had bound the two noble men, who had become mighty arrows, fled in all directions.

6.40.38 Then Suparṇa [Garuḍa], seeing the two of the Kākutstha line, greeted them warmly, and stroked their faces — which shone like the moon — with both his hands.

6.40.39 Touched by Vainateya [Garuḍa], their wounds closed up at once; their bodies became smooth and golden immediately.

6.40.40 Radiance, heroic energy, strength, vital power, and enterprise — those great qualities — as well as their perception, intelligence, and memory, were doubled in the two of them.

6.40.41 Garuḍa raised up those two of great valor, who were equal to Vāsava [Indra], and embraced them both joyfully; then Rāma addressed him:

6.40.42 "By your grace the great calamity arising from Rāvaṇa's son has been overcome by us here, and swiftly have we been made strong.

6.40.43 Just as my heart rejoices on meeting my father Daśaratha and grandfather Aja, so too does it rejoice in meeting you — be gracious.

6.40.44 Who are you, endowed with a beautiful form, wearing divine garlands and unguents, clothed in spotless garments, adorned with divine ornaments?"

6.40.45 Then Vainateya [Garuḍa], of great splendor and great might, king of birds, his heart full of affection, his eyes brimming with joy, spoke to him:

6.40.46 "I am your friend, O Kākutstha — your dear prāṇa that moves outside the body. I am Garuṭmān, come here for the sake of helping you both.

6.40.47 Neither the asuras of great valor, nor the dānavas of great power, nor even the gods along with the Gandharvas with the Hundred-Sacrificed Indra at their head —

6.40.48 None of these would have been capable of releasing [you from] this arrow-bondage, so dreadful, constructed by the power of illusion by Indrajit of cruel deeds.

6.40.49 These nāgas, sons of Kadrū, with sharp fangs and venom overflowing, by the power of rākṣasa-illusion became arrows and clung to you.

6.40.50 You are truly fortunate, O Rāma, knower of dharma, one whose valor is real, together with your brother Lakṣmaṇa, slayer of foes in battle.

6.40.51 Having heard of this event, I came in haste, swiftly, out of affection for you both, honoring the bond of friendship.

6.40.52 And now that you have been released from this most terrible arrow-bondage, you both must always maintain vigilance without fail.

6.40.53 By their very nature, all rākṣasas fight with treachery in battle; the strength of brave ones like you, who are pure in spirit, lies in straightforwardness.

6.40.54 Therefore you must not trust rākṣasas on the battlefield — by this very [reasoning]: rākṣasas are always crooked."

6.40.55 Having spoken thus, Suparṇa [Garuḍa] of very great power embraced Rāma with the affection of a dear friend, and then made ready to take his leave.

6.40.56 "Friend Rāghava, O knower of dharma, tender even toward enemies — I desire your leave; I shall go as I came.

6.40.57 Having made Laṅkā desolate but for children and the aged with waves of arrows, and having slain the enemy Rāvaṇa, you shall recover Sītā."

6.40.58 Having spoken these words, Suparṇa of swift motion, having made Rāma whole and free of wounds in the midst of those forest-dwellers,

6.40.59 Suparṇa, the valiant one, then circumambulated him and embraced him, entered the sky, and departed like the wind.

6.40.60 Then the leaders of the monkey troops, seeing the two Rāghavas healed of wounds, roared with lion-roars and waved their tails.

6.40.61 Then they beat kettledrums and sounded the mṛdaṅgas, blew their conches in great exultation, and howled as was their wont.

6.40.62 The valiant tree-fighting monkeys, slapping their arms in challenge again and again, uprooted various trees and stood ready by the hundreds of thousands.

6.40.63 The leaping monkeys, desirous of battle, emitting great roars and terrifying the night-wanderers, advanced toward the gates of Laṅkā.

6.40.64 Then arose a terrible, tumultuous roar from the hosts of the monkey leaders — like the most fearsome sound of thunderclouds roaring at midnight in the waning of the summer heat.

6.41.1 The tumultuous sound of those swift-moving monkeys roaring together with the rākṣasas was then heard by Rāvaṇa.

6.41.2 Having listened to that roar, which was deep, resonant, and very powerful, he spoke a word in the midst of those his ministers:

6.41.3 "This very great uproar of the many exultant monkeys has arisen, like the roaring of thunderclouds —

6.41.4 Clearly these ones are in very great delight — of this there is no doubt; for indeed with their vast roars the abode of Varuṇa [the ocean] is shaken.

6.41.5 Yet the two brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa were bound with sharp arrows — and this very great uproar seems to arouse suspicion in me."

6.41.6 Having spoken that word to his ministers, the lord of the rākṣasas then addressed the nairṛtas [demon-warriors] who attended nearby:

6.41.7 "Let it be found out quickly — what cause of joy has arisen for all these forest-wanderers at a time when sorrow should have prevailed?"

6.41.8 So commanded by him, they hastened and climbed the rampart, and saw the army marshaled by the great-souled Sugrīva.

6.41.9 And seeing the two Rāghavas of great dignity freed from that most terrible arrow-bondage and risen up again, the rākṣasas were stricken with dismay.

6.41.10 All their hearts struck with fear, they descended from the rampart and stood before the lord of rākṣasas, every face cast down.

6.41.11 Those night-wanderers, skilled in speech, with wretched faces, reported to Rāvaṇa that unwelcome news fully and accurately:

6.41.12 "Those two brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa who were bound in battle by Indrajit with the arrow-bondage, rendered immovable of arm —

6.41.13 — those two are seen freed from the arrow-bondage on the battlefield, like two great elephants equal in valor to lords of elephants having snapped their fetters."

6.41.14 Hearing their words, the lord of rākṣasas of great power, overwhelmed by anxious grief, spoke with a downcast face:

6.41.15 "Bound by those terrible arrows bestowed by [divine] boons, equal in venom to the āśīviṣa serpents, unfailing, blazing like the sun — having been struck down in battle by Indrajit —

6.41.16 If my foes have been freed after falling into that weapon-bondage, then I see all my [military] power as standing in doubt.

6.41.17 Truly those arrows of Vāsuki's [serpent-] power have proved fruitless — those with which the life of my enemies was seized in battle.

6.41.18 Having spoken thus, furious and hissing like a serpent, he spoke in the midst of the rākṣasas to the rākṣasa named Dhūmrākṣa:

6.41.19 "Go forth, furnished with a great force of rākṣasas of terrible deeds, to slay Rāma together with the monkeys!"

6.41.20 Thus commanded by the wise lord of rākṣasas, Dhūmrākṣa made obeisance, and exulting he departed from the royal palace.

6.41.21 Having gone out through the gate, he spoke to the marshal of troops: "Quickly muster the army — why this delay for one who desires battle?"

6.41.22 Hearing the words of Dhūmrākṣa, the marshal, who commanded the troops, quickly set the army in motion by Rāvaṇa's command.

6.41.23 Those powerful night-wanderers of dreadful forms, their bells fastened, roaring and exultant, surrounded Dhūmrākṣa.

6.41.24 Bearing various weapons in their hands — holding lances and hammers — [armed] greatly with clubs, broadswords, iron staffs, maces,

6.41.25 Iron bars, sling-stones, bhalla-arrows, javelins, and battle-axes — the terrible rākṣasas went forth roaring like thunderclouds.

6.41.26 Others, clad in armor on chariots adorned with banners, fitted with golden trelliswork, [drew by] asses of various faces,

6.41.27 [Some drawn] by supremely swift horses and by maddened lordly elephants — those tiger-rākṣasas went forth, unapproachable as tigers.

6.41.28 Dhūmrākṣa, loud-braying as an ass, mounted a divine chariot yoked to asses with the faces of wolves and lions, adorned with gold.

6.41.29 That great hero Dhūmrākṣa, surrounded by rākṣasas, went forth laughing toward the western gate, where Hanūmān was the troop-commander.

6.41.30 As that most dreadful rākṣasa of fearsome appearance proceeded forth, cruel birds moving through the sky obstructed his path.

6.41.31 A most terrible vulture fell upon the top of his chariot, and carrion-eaters fell clustered at the tip of his banner-staff.

6.41.32 A great white headless trunk, drenched in blood, fell to the earth near Dhūmrākṣa, emitting a discordant cry.

6.41.33 The sky rained blood and the earth trembled; the wind blew in the wrong direction with a sound like a thunderbolt; the quarters there were wrapped in masses of darkness and did not shine forth.

6.41.34 Seeing those terrifying, most dreadful portents of evil manifested for the rākṣasas, Dhūmrākṣa was distressed.

6.41.35 Then the most terrible and mighty one, eager for battle, went forth surrounded by many night-wanderers, and beheld that vast army of many monkeys, protected by the arm of Rāghava, vast as the ocean.

6.42.1 Seeing Dhūmrākṣa the rākṣasa, of fearsome sound, going forth, all the monkeys, joyful and eager for battle, roared out.

6.42.2 Then arose a tumultuous battle between the monkeys and the rākṣasas, each striking the other with terrible trees and with lances and hammers.

6.42.3 The terrible monkeys were cut down on all sides by the rākṣasas; and the rākṣasas in turn were leveled to the ground by the monkeys with trees.

6.42.4 And the rākṣasas, enraged, pierced the monkeys with sharp arrows — those of terrible appearance, feathered with heron-feathers, flying straight.

6.42.5 With those dreadful clubs and broadswords, iron hammers, with terrible iron bars of various kinds, and with sharpened tridents —

6.42.6 Though torn apart by the rākṣasas, those monkeys of great might, their spirit roused by indignation, performed their deeds without fear.

6.42.7 Their bodies pierced through with arrows, their frames transfixed with lances, those leaders of monkey troops nonetheless seized trees and boulders there.

6.42.8 Those monkeys of terrible velocity, roaring here and there, churned through the dreadful rākṣasas and called out their own names.

6.42.9 The battle between the monkeys and rākṣasas was wondrous and dreadful, fought with boulders of various kinds and with trees of many branches.

6.42.10 Some rākṣasas, crushed by the victorious-seeming monkeys, gushed blood; some, blood-eaters, rained it from their mouths.

6.42.11 Some were ripped open in the flanks, some were piled in heaps by trees, some were pulverized by boulders, and some were torn apart by teeth.

6.42.12 With banners shattered and broken, with asses brought down and slain, with chariots smashed and destroyed, with night-wanderers fallen —

6.42.13 The rākṣasas were slashed in the face by the sharp nails of the swift-moving monkeys of terrible valor, who bounded upon them again and again.

6.42.14 Their faces discolored, their hair disheveled, stupefied by the smell of blood, they fell to the surface of the earth.

6.42.15 Yet some rākṣasas, supremely enraged and of terrible valor, attacked the monkeys with open palms equal to thunderbolts in their touch.

6.42.16 Those [rākṣasas] who charged were beaten back by the swifter-moving monkeys with fists, feet, teeth, and trees.

6.42.17 Seeing the army in rout, Dhūmrākṣa, foremost of rākṣasas, in his anger wrought carnage among the battle-seeking monkeys.

6.42.18 Some monkeys were struck down with javelins and streamed with blood; some struck with hammers fell to the ground.

6.42.19 Some were crushed with iron bars, some were split open with sling-stones, some were struck with broadswords and expired in agony.

6.42.20 Some of the forest-dwellers lay slain on the ground, drenched in blood; some were routed and lost sight of, scattered by the furious rākṣasas in battle.

6.42.21 Some lay with hearts split open, fallen on one side; some were torn open by weapons and lances, their entrails spilling out.

6.42.22 That most terrible great battle, crowded with monkeys and rākṣasas, blazed forth — abounding in weapons, thronging with boulders and trees.

6.42.23 It blazed as a gandharva-music of war — sweet with the strain of bowstrings, accompanied by yells and the beat of time, a symphony of deep rumbling thunder.

6.42.24 But Dhūmrākṣa, bow in hand, laughing, scattered the monkeys in all directions at the forefront of battle with showers of arrows.

6.42.25 Seeing the army tormented and afflicted by Dhūmrākṣa, Māruti [Hanūmān] came forward in great fury, grasping an enormous boulder.

6.42.26 His eyes doubly reddened with rage, his valor equal to his father's, he hurled that boulder against the chariot of Dhūmrākṣa.

6.42.27 Seeing the boulder rushing down, Dhūmrākṣa in alarm lifted his mace, leaped swiftly from his chariot, and stood on the ground.

6.42.28 That boulder, having smashed his chariot, fell upon the stony ground along with its wheels and pole, its horses, its banner, and its bow.

6.42.29 Having shattered his chariot, Hanūmān son of the Wind then wrought carnage among the rākṣasas with trees bearing their branches and boughs.

6.42.30 Their heads split open, the rākṣasas, drenched in blood, and others crushed by the trees, fell to the ground.

6.42.31 Routing the rākṣasa army, Hanūmān son of the Wind took a mountain peak and rushed at Dhūmrākṣa.

6.42.32 Seeing him charging, Dhūmrākṣa, valiant, mace raised, suddenly rushed roaring at Hanūmān.

6.42.33 Then in rage Dhūmrākṣa with great force brought down that spike-studded mace upon the head of Hanūmān.

6.42.34 Struck by that mace of fearsome form, the monkey of wind-like might disregarded that blow and brought the mountain peak down on the very crown of Dhūmrākṣa's head.

6.42.35 His every limb convulsed, struck down by the mountain peak, he fell suddenly to the earth like a mountain shattered asunder.

6.42.36 Seeing Dhūmrākṣa slain, the surviving night-wanderers, terrified, fled back into Laṅkā even as they were being cut down by the leaping monkeys.

6.42.37 The great-souled son of the Wind, having slain the enemy and scattered rivers of blood from wounds, wearied by the slaughter of the foe, rejoiced and was honored by the monkeys.

6.43.1 Having heard that Dhūmrākṣa was slain, Rāvaṇa, lord of the Rākṣasas, spoke these words to the commander of the army who stood before him with palms joined.

6.43.2 "Let the invincible Rākṣasas of terrible valor go forth swiftly, placing at their head Akampana, who is skilled in all weapons."

6.43.3 Then the foremost Rākṣasas, bearing various weapons, with fearsome eyes and fearsome appearance, rushed forth, urged on by the commander of the army.

6.43.4 Mounting a great chariot, his earrings of molten gold gleaming, Akampana then marched forth, surrounded by fearsome Rākṣasas.

6.43.5 Indeed Akampana could not be made to tremble even by the gods in great battle; blazing with the splendor of the sun, he shone before them.

6.43.6 Yet as he rushed forward, seized with eagerness for battle, a sudden distress came over the horses that drew his chariot.

6.43.7 His left eye twitched, of him who delighted in battle; his face grew pale, and his voice became faltering.

6.43.8 Though the day had been auspicious, a harsh wind arose making it inauspicious; all the birds and beasts cried out with cruel cries foreboding fear.

6.43.9 Yet he, with shoulders as massive as a lion's, his valor equal to a tiger's, gave no thought to those ill omens and marched out onto the battlefield.

6.43.10 As that Rākṣasa marched out together with his Rākṣasas, a tremendous roar arose, as if shaking the ocean itself.

6.43.11 Alarmed by that sound, the great army of monkeys, armed with trees and rocks, stood ready for battle.

6.43.12 Between those monkeys and Rākṣasas a terrible battle arose, for the sake of Rāma and Rāvaṇa, among those who had utterly cast away their lives.

6.43.13 All were exceedingly strong, all were heroic, all — monkeys and Rākṣasas alike — resembled mountains, and all were eager to slay one another.

6.43.14 The tremendous sound of those swift combatants roaring in battle could be heard as they bellowed furiously at one another.

6.43.15 Dust of a deep reddish hue, exceedingly dreadful and thick, stirred up by the monkeys and Rākṣasas, blocked all ten directions.

6.43.16 In that dust, white as silk shaken out, the beings on the battlefield could not see one another at all, so thoroughly were they covered.

6.43.17 Neither banner, nor flag, nor armor, nor horse, nor weapon, nor chariot — none could be seen in that dust.

6.43.18 In that tumultuous battle only the tremendous sound of those roaring warriors charging could be heard; their forms were not visible.

6.43.19 In that darkness, furious monkeys struck down monkeys in battle, and Rākṣasas likewise slew Rākṣasas.

6.43.20 Slaying enemies and allies alike, the monkeys and Rākṣasas at that time made the earth sodden with blood, smeared as if with mud.

6.43.21 Then, drenched by the flood of blood, the dust settled; and the earth became strewn with corpses and body parts.

6.43.22 With trees, spears, rocks, javelins, clubs, iron bars, and pikes, the monkeys and Rākṣasas quickly struck each other with might.

6.43.23 Fighting with arms shaped like iron bars, those monkeys like mountains, performers of terrible deeds, struck down the Rākṣasas in battle.

6.43.24 The furious Rākṣasas too, javelins and pikes in hand, slew the monkeys there with exceedingly dreadful weapons.

6.43.25 But the monkeys, advancing against the Rākṣasas with great trees and great boulders, tore them apart and shattered their weapons by force.

6.43.26 Meanwhile, the heroic monkeys Kumuda, Nala, and Mainda, exceedingly enraged, exerted their utmost speed.

6.43.27 Those monkey chiefs, with great speed, wrought tremendous slaughter at the forefront of the Rākṣasa army with trees, as if in sport.

6.44.1 Witnessing that great feat accomplished by those foremost of monkeys, Akampana summoned fierce anger in battle.

6.44.2 His form overcome with rage, twanging his supreme bow, and having witnessed the deeds of the enemies, he spoke these words to his charioteer:

6.44.3 "Drive the chariot quickly to that very spot, charioteer — these many foes are slaying very many Rākṣasas in battle."

6.44.4 "These monkeys here are powerful and of fearsome frame; armed with trees and rocks they stand before me."

6.44.5 "I, who glory in battle, wish to slay them — for the entire Rākṣasa force is seen to have been shattered by them."

6.44.6 Then Akampana, best of chariot warriors, borne in his chariot by swift horses, struck the monkeys in anger with nets of arrows.

6.44.7 The monkeys were unable to stand their ground, much less fight in battle; shattered by Akampana's arrows, they all fled in panic.

6.44.8 Seeing those kinsmen fallen under the sway of death, come under Akampana's power, the mighty Hanūmān stood forth to protect them.

6.44.9 Seeing that great monkey, all the heroic monkey chiefs assembled in battle and surrounded Hanūmān together.

6.44.10 Those monkey leaders, seeing Hanūmān stationed there, became strong themselves — for the strong take refuge with the strong.

6.44.11 But Akampana poured arrows down upon Hanūmān standing there like a mountain, just as Mahendra pours rain with streams of water.

6.44.12 Giving no thought to the sharp arrows that had fallen upon his body in floods, the mighty one fixed his mind on killing Akampana.

6.44.13 Then, laughing aloud, the mighty Hanūmān, son of the Wind, charged at that Rākṣasa, shaking the very earth as he ran.

6.44.14 Of him who charged with a roar, blazing with splendor, there appeared a form irresistible, like that of blazing fire.

6.44.15 Knowing himself to be without a weapon at hand, that bull among monkeys, filled with rage, uprooted a mountain with speed.

6.44.16 Taking that great mountain in one hand, the mighty son of the Wind, letting out a tremendous roar, began to whirl it.

6.44.17 Then he charged at Akampana, lord of Rākṣasas, just as Purandara charged at Namuci in battle with his thunderbolt.

6.44.18 But Akampana, seeing that mountain peak raised aloft, split it from a distance with great crescent-headed arrows.

6.44.19 Seeing that mountain peak split by the Rākṣasa's arrows and falling scattered through the sky, Hanūmān was overcome with rage.

6.44.20 That monkey, filled with fury and pride, quickly went to an Aśvakarṇa tree and uprooted it as if it were a great risen mountain.

6.44.21 Taking that Aśvakarṇa tree of great trunk, that one of great splendor, laughing with extreme delight, whirled it in battle.

6.44.22 Running with great speed, swiftly shattering trees, Hanūmān, supremely enraged, split the earth with his feet.

6.44.23 The wise Hanūmān slew elephants with their riders, charioteers with their chariots, and Rākṣasa foot soldiers as well.

6.44.24 Seeing Hanūmān in battle, angry as Death itself, a taker of life, the Rākṣasas fled in all directions.

6.44.25 The heroic Akampana saw him charging, supremely wrathful, the terror of Rākṣasas; he grew furious and bellowed.

6.44.26 Akampana pierced the mighty Hanūmān with fourteen sharp arrows that rent the body.

6.44.27 Though thus pierced by those many showers of arrows, the heroic Hanūmān appeared like a mountain in full bloom.

6.44.28 Then, uprooting another tree, and exerting his utmost speed, he quickly struck Akampana, lord of Rākṣasas, on the head.

6.44.29 Struck by that tree by the great-souled lord of monkeys in his wrath, that Rākṣasa fell and died.

6.44.30 Seeing Akampana, lord of Rākṣasas, struck down upon the earth, all the Rākṣasas were shaken like trees in an earthquake.

6.44.31 All those defeated Rākṣasas, having abandoned their weapons, fled terrified to Laṅkā, chased by those monkeys.

6.44.32 They fled in panic, hair loose, pride shattered, defeated, panting, their bodies streaming with sweat.

6.44.33 They stumbled against one another and entered the city out of fear, completely bewildered, glancing back again and again.

6.44.34 When those Rākṣasas had entered Laṅkā, all the mighty monkeys assembled and honored Hanūmān.

6.44.35 And Hanūmān, endowed with excellence, joyful in return, honored all those monkeys fittingly and graciously.

6.44.36 The monkeys roared with the breath of victory and dragged back there the Rākṣasas who were still alive.

6.44.37 That great monkey, the son of the Wind, having slain the Rākṣasas and that terrible great Asura, destroyer of enemies, bore the glory of a hero — just as Viṣṇu at the forefront of battle slew the mighty Bali.

6.44.38 The hosts of gods honored that monkey at that time; and mighty Rāma himself, and Lakṣmaṇa of exceeding strength, and likewise the monkeys headed by Sugrīva, and the mighty Vibhīṣaṇa — all honored him then.

6.45.1 Having heard of the slaying of Akampana, the lord of Rākṣasas grew furious; his face somewhat downcast, he looked upon his ministers.

6.45.2 After reflecting for a moment and deliberating with his ministers, he went around the city of Laṅkā to inspect all the garrisons.

6.45.3 He saw the city of Laṅkā, protected by hosts of Rākṣasas, surrounded by many garrisons, garlanded with banners and flags.

6.45.4 Seeing the city besieged, Rāvaṇa, lord of Rākṣasas, in his anger spoke at the right moment to Prahasta, skilled in warfare:

6.45.5 "For a city suddenly besieged and oppressed, I see no other deliverance than battle, O master of warfare.

6.45.6 "I, or Kumbhakarṇa, or you my general, or Indrajit, or Nikumbha — one of us must bear such a burden.

6.45.7 "Therefore, taking and marshaling the army swiftly from here, go forth for victory to where all those forest dwellers are."

6.45.8 "Surely upon your mere march out, the fickle monkey host will flee upon hearing the roar of the Rākṣasa lords."

6.45.9 "For monkeys are fickle, undisciplined, and unstable of mind; they will not endure your roar, just as elephants cannot endure a lion's roar."

6.45.10 "And when that army is scattered in flight, Rāma together with the son of Sumitrā will remain helpless without support, and will come under Prahasta's power."

6.45.11 "In calamity, the better course is the one fraught with doubt, not the certain one — or weigh what you consider favorable, for or against."

6.45.12 Thus addressed by Rāvaṇa, Prahasta, commander of the army, spoke these words to the lord of Rākṣasas, as Uśanā speaks to the lord of Asuras:

6.45.13 "O king, we took counsel before with skilled ministers, and debate too arose among us as we examined the matter from every side.

6.45.14 "By the return of Sītā I determined that the better course lay; but in the case of not returning her, battle was likewise seen by us to be the outcome.

6.45.15 "I, who have been constantly honored by you with gifts, honor, and various conciliations — how at this moment should I not do what is dear to you?

6.45.16 "My life is not to be guarded, nor my sons, wife, or wealth — behold me offering up my life in battle for your sake."

6.45.17 Having thus spoken to his lord Rāvaṇa, the army commander said: "Bring me quickly the great force of Rākṣasas."

6.45.18 "Today let the birds feast on the flesh of those forest dwellers slain in battle by the thunderbolt speed of my arrows."

6.45.19 Thus addressed by Prahasta, the army commanders, making haste, mobilized the army in that Rākṣasa palace.

6.45.20 Within a moment Laṅkā was crowded with those heroic Rākṣasas bearing sharp and various weapons, thronging like elephants.

6.45.21 As they propitiated the sacred fire and paid homage to the Brāhmaṇas, a fragrant wind blew carrying the scent of clarified butter.

6.45.22 The Rākṣasas, ready for battle and joyful, took garlands of various kinds consecrated with sacred formulas and wore them then.

6.45.23 The Rākṣasas, bearing bows and clad in armor, leaped up with speed, and gazing upon King Rāvaṇa, surrounded Prahasta.

6.45.24 Then, having taken leave of the king and beating the dreadful war drum, Prahasta mounted his divine chariot, fully equipped and made ready.

6.45.25 Yoked with horses of great speed, properly fitted with a skilled charioteer, its sound like a great cloud's thunder, blazing like the sun and moon themselves —

6.45.26 — Irresistible with its serpent-banner, well-fitted with a hood, bearing good arms, covered with a net of gold, and as if laughing with splendor —

6.45.27 Then Prahasta, executing the command entrusted by Rāvaṇa, mounted that chariot and quickly marched out of Laṅkā, surrounded by a great army.

6.45.28 Then as the army commander marched forth, the sound of kettledrums like the rumble of rain clouds was heard, and the sound of conches as well.

6.45.29 Rākṣasas of fearsome form and massive frame, roaring with terrible cries, marched at the fore as Prahasta's vanguard.

6.45.30 He marched out by the eastern gate in battle-array, exceedingly terrible, surrounded by a great army resembling a herd of elephants.

6.45.31 Surrounded by that army resembling the ocean's flood, Prahasta marched out swiftly, wrathful, his anger like that of Death at the end of an age.

6.45.32 At the sound of his march and the roaring of the Rākṣasas, all creatures in Laṅkā cried out with distorted voices.

6.45.33 Birds that feed on flesh and blood, entering the cloudless sky, circled in inauspicious spirals toward his chariot.

6.45.34 Jackals, dreadful and terrible, howled, vomiting flames of fire.

6.45.35 A meteor fell from the sky, a harsh wind blew, and the planets, in conflict with one another, shone not at all.

6.45.36 Rain of blood fell upon him and drenched his vanguard; a vulture perched atop his standard facing south.

6.45.37 As his charioteer plunged repeatedly into battle, the goad fell from the hand of the chariot-driver who guided the horses.

6.45.38 The radiant glory of victory that had attended his march — dazzling and exceedingly rare — vanished in a moment, and on level ground his horses stumbled.

6.45.39 But against Prahasta who marched forth, renowned for his strength and valor, the monkey army bearing various weapons advanced for battle.

6.45.40 Then a tremendous din arose from the monkeys as they tore up trees and seized heavy boulders.

6.45.41 Both armies were eager — the hosts of Rākṣasas and the forest dwellers — swift, capable, each hungering to slay the other; a great din was heard as they challenged one another.

6.45.42 Then Prahasta, of evil mind, charged at the monkey king's army for victory, and entered that swelling force with its growing momentum — as a moth seeking death enters fire.

6.46.1 Then the great monkey army beheld Prahasta marching forth — terrible, of terrible valour, roaring, of immense body, surrounded by rākṣasas.

6.46.2 The mighty army of the most powerful monkeys, exceedingly enraged, saw Prahasta and roared back at him.

6.46.3 Swords, lances, staffs, arrows, spears, clubs, maces, iron bars, javelins, and axes of many kinds —

6.46.4 — and variously adorned bows, all raised aloft by victory-seeking rākṣasas rushing at the monkeys, shone brilliantly.

6.46.5 The bull-like monkeys, eager to fight, seized flowering trees and broad, long boulders.

6.46.6 When the two sides met, a tremendous battle arose, with many warriors pouring down showers of stones and showers of arrows upon one another.

6.46.7 Many rākṣasas in battle slew many monkey troop-leaders, and many monkeys likewise slew many rākṣasas.

6.46.8 Some were slaughtered by spears, some struck down by mighty weapons, some beaten with iron bars, and some hewn apart by axes.

6.46.9 Some fell breathless upon the ground; some had their hearts cloven asunder; some were pierced through by a continuous stream of arrows.

6.46.10 Some were split in two by swords and fell quivering upon the earth; monkeys were ripped open through the flanks by the spears of the rākṣasas.

6.46.11 And by the enraged monkeys, great swarms of rākṣasas on all sides were crushed to the ground with trees and mountain peaks.

6.46.12 Struck hard with palms and fists that hit like thunderbolts, they cried out and vomited blood from their mouths, their teeth and eyes shattered.

6.46.13 Of the monkeys and rākṣasas in battle — some shrieking cries of pain, some roaring lion-roars — a tumultuous din arose.

6.46.14 The furious monkeys and rākṣasas, devoted to the path of heroes, with eyes wide open, fierce, performed their deeds fearlessly.

6.46.15 Narāntaka, Kumbhahanu, and the towering Mahānāda — all these ministers of Prahasta struck down the forest-dwellers.

6.46.16 As they rushed forward swiftly and struck down the monkeys, Dvivida slew Narāntaka alone with a mountain peak.

6.46.17 Then the monkey Durmukha, quick of hand, uprooted a great tree and smashed the towering rākṣasa Mahānāda.

6.46.18 Then Jāmbavān, greatly enraged and full of brilliance, seized an enormous boulder and hurled it onto the chest of Mahānāda.

6.46.19 Then Kumbhahanu was encountered there by the valiant Tāra; struck on the head with a tree, the rākṣasa gave up his life.

6.46.20 Prahasta, unable to endure this, mounted his chariot and, bow in hand, wrought terrible slaughter among the forest-dwellers.

6.46.21 Then between the two armies there arose what seemed like a whirlpool, and a sound like that of the immeasurable, churning ocean.

6.46.22 For Prahasta, skilled in warfare and greatly wrathful, afflicted the monkeys with a great torrent of arrows in that supreme battle.

6.46.23 The dreadful earth was heaped with the bodies of monkeys and rākṣasas, as if with fallen mountains.

6.46.24 That earth, covered by a great flood of blood, shone like the month of Mādhava covered with the blossoms of the palāśa tree.

6.46.25 The embankments of that river were heaps of slain heroes; its great trees were shattered weapons; its great waters were floods of blood — a river flowing to the ocean of Yama —

6.46.26 — its great mud was made of livers and spleens; its aquatic moss was scattered entrails; its fish were severed bodies and heads; its grass was made of limbs and body-parts —

6.46.27 — thronged with flocks of vultures and herons, frequented by kaṅka-birds and sārasas, covered with the foam of fat, resounding with cries of agony —

6.46.28 — that river formed of the battlefield, impossible for cowards to cross, like a river at the end of the rains frequented by swans and sārasas —

6.46.29 — that impassable river the rākṣasas and the leading monkeys crossed, as elephant herd-lords cross a lotus pool whose pollen has been scattered.

6.46.30 Then Nīla swiftly saw Prahasta standing in his chariot, releasing torrents of arrows and slaying the monkeys.

6.46.31 The mighty great monkey Nīla, valiant, uprooted a tree and struck Prahasta who was rushing toward him — utterly difficult to overcome.

6.46.32 Struck by him, the enraged bull among rākṣasas, roaring, poured showers of arrows upon the commander of the monkey army.

6.46.33 Unable to ward it off, Nīla received it with eyes half-closed, as a bull-ox receives the autumn rain that has arrived swiftly.

6.46.34 In exactly this way, Nīla with eyes half-closed suddenly endured the fearsome, difficult-to-withstand shower of arrows from Prahasta.

6.46.35 Enraged by the shower of arrows, the great Nīla struck Prahasta's mind-swift horses with a great sāla tree.

6.46.36 Prahasta, the army commander, thus rendered bowless by him, seized a terrible club and leaped down from his chariot.

6.46.37 Both commanders of the armies, roused to wrath and swift, stood with bodies smeared with blood, like two maddened elephants.

6.46.38 Raking each other with their very sharp tusks — those two resembling lions and tigers, moving like lions and tigers.

6.46.39 Those two heroes, victorious in their prowess, never turning back in battle, eager to attain glory — equals of Vṛtra and Vāsava.

6.46.40 Then Prahasta, greatly exerting himself, struck Nīla on the forehead with his club; blood flowed from that blow.

6.46.41 Then the great monkey, his body smeared with blood, furious, seized an enormous tree and hurled it at Prahasta's chest.

6.46.42 He — Prahasta, himself powerful — seized his great club to strike an inconceivable blow and charged at the mighty monkey Nīla.

6.46.43 Then the great monkey, himself of great speed, watching him — fierce and furious — as he rushed forward with terrible velocity, seized an enormous boulder.

6.46.44 Upon Prahasta — who was eager for battle, fighting with his club — Nīla swiftly brought the boulder crashing down upon his head.

6.46.45 That great, terrible boulder, released by the foremost of monkeys, shattered Prahasta's head into many pieces.

6.46.46 He — his life gone, his glory gone, his vitality gone, his senses gone — suddenly fell to the earth like a tree with its roots cut.

6.46.47 From his shattered head blood flowed copiously; it flowed also from his body, like a mountain spring.

6.46.48 When Prahasta was slain by Nīla, that great, formerly immovable army of the rākṣasas, their joy gone, made its way back to Laṅkā.

6.46.49 They could not stand their ground once their army-commander was slain — like water that, upon reaching a broken dam, scatters away.

6.46.50 When that army-commander was slain, those rākṣasas, their effort spent, went to the dwelling of the rākṣasa-lord and fell into a mute silence of dejection.

6.46.51 Then Nīla, victorious and of great strength, praised for the deed he had accomplished, rejoined Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa, and the troop-lord was filled with joy.

6.47.1 When that guardian of the rākṣasa army had been slain in battle by the foremost of the leaping monkeys, the army of the rākṣasa king, bearing terrible weapons and moving with the speed of the ocean, fled in panic.

6.47.2 Going to the lord of rākṣasas, they reported that the general had been struck down by the son of Pāvaka; and upon hearing those words of theirs, the lord of rākṣasas fell under the sway of rage.

6.47.3 Having learned that Prahasta had been slain in battle, tormented by grief and with his mind consumed by anger, he addressed those foremost warriors of the rākṣasas even as Indra addresses the foremost warriors of the immortals.

6.47.4 "No contempt is to be shown toward the enemy, by whom my general — the destroyer of Indra's host — has been slain along with his retinue and his elephants.

6.47.5 I myself, without deliberation, shall go to that wondrous forefront of battle for the destruction of the enemy and for victory.

6.47.6 Today I shall burn down that monkey army and Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa with torrents of arrows, as blazing fires burn a forest."

6.47.7 Having spoken thus, the enemy of the king of immortals mounted his chariot that blazed like fire, yoked with the finest horses, radiant and blazing with its own splendor.

6.47.8 Honored with the sounds of conches, kettledrums, and war drums, with the snapping of fingers, war-cries, and lion-roars, and with auspicious hymns of praise, the foremost king of rākṣasas then set forth.

6.47.9 Surrounded by the foremost kings of rākṣasas whose forms resembled mountains and storm-clouds, flesh-eating, with eyes blazing like fire, he shone like Rudra attended by spirits and like the lord of immortals.

6.47.10 Then, having sallied forth swiftly from the city in great might, he beheld that terrible monkey army, roaring like the ocean and storm-clouds, standing ready with trees and boulders in hand.

6.47.11 Beholding that most ferocious rākṣasa force, Rāma, whose arms were like serpent-lords, attended by his army and endowed with great glory, spoke to Vibhīṣaṇa, the foremost among those who bear weapons.

6.47.12 "Whose is this army, unshakeable and fearless, adorned with many banners and standards and weapons, equipped with spears, swords, tridents, missiles, and discuses, furnished with elephants resembling lordly mountains?"

6.47.13 Then, having heard Rāma's words, Vibhīṣaṇa, equal in valor to Śakra, described to Rāma the foremost champions among those great-souled rākṣasa bulls.

6.47.14 "That great-souled one seated on an elephant's shoulder, whose face is copper-red like the newly risen sun, causing the elephant's head to tremble as he approaches — know him, O king, as Akampana.

6.47.15 That one standing in his chariot with a lion as his emblem, brandishing a bow bright as Śakra's bow, who gleams like an elephant with fiercely bared tusks — he is the foremost of the great ones named Indrajit.

6.47.16 And this one, comparable to Vindhya, Asta, and Mahendra, a bowman standing in his chariot, a surpassing chariot-fighter of surpassing valor, drawing his matchless bow — by name Atikāya, of exceedingly large body.

6.47.17 That great-souled one with copper-colored eyes like the newly risen sun, mounted on a harsh elephant resounding with the clanging of bells, who roars mightily — that hero is known as Mahodara.

6.47.18 That one mounted on a horse with golden and variegated trappings, gleaming like clouds and mountains at twilight, raising a spear bound with rays of light — this apparition moves with the speed of a thunderbolt.

6.47.19 And this illustrious one who comes grasping a sharp trident bright as lightning, swift as the vajra of a servant of death, mounted on a lordly bull gleaming like a mountain — he is Triśirā.

6.47.20 And that one of cloud-like form is Kumbha, with a broad and well-formed chest, collected and steady, with the king of serpents as his emblem, who shines as he draws and brandishes his bow.

6.47.21 And this one who comes bearing a blazing, smoke-trailing iron club adorned with gold and vajra-gems, who stands as the standard of the rākṣasa host — he is Nikumbha, of wondrous and terrible deeds.

6.47.22 And this proud one who stands shining on a banner-flying chariot blazing like fire, furnished with bows, swords, and torrents of arrows — that is Narāntaka, who fights on mountain peaks.

6.47.23 And this one who shines surrounded by spirits of many terrible forms — with faces of tigers, camels, serpent-lords, and lion-lords — with rolling eyes, he is the very crusher of the pride of the gods.

6.47.24 Where that foremost white umbrella shines, resembling the moon, with fine ribs — there the great-souled lord of rākṣasas shines, surrounded by spirits, like Rudra himself.

6.47.25 That diademed one with swinging earrings on his face, of terrible form comparable to the lord of serpents and to Vindhya, the crusher of the pride of Mahendra and Vaivasvata — the lord of rākṣasas shines like the sun."

6.47.26 Then Rāma replied to Vibhīṣaṇa, the subduer of foes: "Ah, how blazing and of great splendor is Rāvaṇa, the lord of rākṣasas!

6.47.27 Rāvaṇa blazes, hard to look upon like the sun with its rays. I perceive his form clearly — it is enveloped in splendor.

6.47.28 The form of the heroes among gods and dānavas could not be like the form of the lord of rākṣasas that shines forth here.

6.47.29 All his warriors resemble mountains, all fight like mountains, all bear blazing weapons, and all are of great might.

6.47.30 That king of rākṣasas shines, surrounded by blazing, terribly valiant spirits with embodied forms, like Death himself."

6.47.31 Having spoken thus, the valiant Rāma, accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa, took up his bow and stood firm, raising an excellent arrow.

6.47.32 Then that great-souled lord of rākṣasas addressed those mighty rākṣasas: "Stand content and without fear at the gates, the patrol-houses, and the city towers."

6.47.33 Having swiftly dismissed them, and when the rākṣasas had gone to their posts, he split apart the ocean-like tide of monkeys as a great fish splits the full surge of the sea.

6.47.34 Beholding that lord of rākṣasas rushing forward swiftly in battle with blazing arrows and bow, the lord of monkeys uprooted a great mountain peak and charged toward the lord of rākṣasas.

6.47.35 Grasping that mountain summit with its many trees and ridges, he hurled it at the night-roaming rākṣasa; but seeing it rushing down, Rāvaṇa quickly split it with arrows fletched with gold.

6.47.36 When that peak, with its great ridge-trees, was shattered and fell to the earth, the lord of the world of rākṣasas took up an arrow resembling a great serpent and resembling Death himself.

6.47.37 Seizing that arrow swift as the wind, blazing with sparks and flames, with a speed matching the thunderbolt of Mahendra, he hurled it in rage for the destruction of Sugrīva.

6.47.38 That arrow, released from Rāvaṇa's arm, with a form like Śakra's thunderbolt and a sharp tip, reached Sugrīva and pierced him with force, as the fierce javelin hurled by Guha pierces a krauñca bird.

6.47.39 That hero, stricken by the arrow, with his senses overthrown, moaning, fell to the earth; and seeing him fallen senseless on the ground, the yātudhānas rejoiced and shouted in the battle.

6.47.40 Then Gavākṣa, Gavaya, Sudaṃṣṭra, Ṛṣabha, Jyotimukha, and Nala, their bodies grown enormous, lifted up boulders and charged toward that lord of rākṣasas.

6.47.41 The lord of rākṣasas made those attacks like clouds of theirs [dissolve] with masses of sharp-tipped arrows, and he also pierced those lords of monkeys with networks of arrows with gold-variegated fletching.

6.47.42 Those lords of monkeys, terrible in form, pierced by the arrows of the foe of the thirty gods, fell to the ground; then he covered that fierce monkey army with nets of arrows.

6.47.43 Those monkeys, being slaughtered, their foremost heroes fallen, crying out, pierced with the dart of fear, tormented by Rāvaṇa's arrows, fled to Rāma as their only refuge and shelter.

6.47.44 Then the great-souled Rāma, that archer, taking up his bow with arrows, advanced; and Lakṣmaṇa, approaching with joined palms, spoke words of highest significance.

6.47.45 "Though the noble one is certainly fully capable of slaying this wicked-souled foe, I shall destroy this base creature — grant me leave, O lord."

6.47.46 The great-splendored Rāma of true valor said to him: "Go, and be most diligent in the battle, O Lakṣmaṇa."

6.47.47 "For Rāvaṇa is of great might, of wondrous valor in battle; even if provoked by the three worlds together, he is difficult to withstand — there is no doubt of this.

6.47.48 Seek out his vulnerabilities and guard your own; with eye and bow alike, carefully and with collected mind, protect yourself."

6.47.49 Having heard the words of Rāghava, embracing him with honor and bowing to Rāma, the son of Sumitrā then went to battle.

6.47.50 He, whose arms were like an elephant's trunk, beheld Rāvaṇa with his terrible bow raised and blazing, covering those monkeys — their bodies shattered and scattered — with nets of arrow-showers.

6.47.51 Beholding him, the great-splendored Hanūmān, son of the wind-god, warding off nets of arrows, charged toward Rāvaṇa.

6.47.52 Having approached his chariot and raising his right arm, the wise Hanūmān, threatening Rāvaṇa, spoke these words:

6.47.53 "Gods, dānavas, gandharvas, yakṣas together with rākṣasas — these you have defeated by virtue of your boon of invulnerability, but you have fear from monkeys.

6.47.54 This right arm of mine, five-branched, raised on high, shall drive the soul long lodged within your body from its dwelling."

6.47.55 Having heard Hanūmān's words, Rāvaṇa of terrible valor, with eyes reddened by anger, spoke these words:

6.47.56 "Strike quickly and without hesitation — win enduring glory; then I shall destroy you as a hero among your kin, O monkey."

6.47.57 Having heard Rāvaṇa's words, the son of Vāyu spoke in reply: "I have struck before — remember your son Akṣa!"

6.47.58 Thus addressed, the great-splendored lord of rākṣasas Rāvaṇa, full of valor, struck the son of the wind-god on the chest with his palm.

6.47.59 Struck by that palm blow, he swayed again and again; then, greatly enraged, he struck the enemy of the immortals in return with his very palm.

6.47.60 Then Daśagrīva, struck by the palm of the great-souled monkey, was shaken like a mountain in an earthquake.

6.47.61 Seeing Rāvaṇa struck by that palm blow in battle, the sages, monkeys, siddhas, gods together with asuras, all shouted.

6.47.62 Then the great-splendored Rāvaṇa, recovering, spoke: "Well done! By your monkey valor you are a praiseworthy foe of mine."

6.47.63 Thus addressed by Rāvaṇa, the son of Māruta replied: "Shame upon my valor, in that you still live, O Rāvaṇa!

6.47.64 "Strike just once now, O foolish one — why do you boast? After that, my fist will bring you to destruction." At the words of the son of Māruta, his anger then blazed up.

6.47.65 With eyes reddened, straining hard, he raised his right fist and with force brought it down on the monkey's chest; the valiant Hanūmān, struck on his broad chest, again staggered.

6.47.66 Seeing the mighty Hanūmān then dazed, that warrior supreme among chariot-fighters quickly turned his chariot toward Nīla.

6.47.67 With terrible arrows resembling serpents that pierced vital points in the deepest marrow, he set Nīla, the commander of the monkey host, ablaze.

6.47.68 Afflicted by that flood of arrows, Nīla, commander of the monkey host, hurled the peak of a mountain at the lord of rākṣasas with a single hand.

6.47.69 Hanūmān too, splendid and great-minded, having recovered, looking about and eager for battle, spoke these words in anger:

6.47.70 "It is not proper to rush against Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, who is engaged in fighting with Nīla — to attack one already occupied with another."

6.47.71 Rāvaṇa of great blazing energy then struck that peak with seven arrows tipped with keen points, and shattered it fell to the ground.

6.47.72 Seeing that mountain-peak shattered, the commander of the monkey host — that slayer of enemy heroes — blazed up with fury like the fire of universal dissolution.

6.47.73 Then Nīla hurled in battle aśvakarṇa trees, dhava trees, śāla trees, and well-blossoming mango trees, as well as many other diverse trees.

6.47.74 Rāvaṇa met those trees and cut them apart, then pelted the son of Agni with a most terrible shower of arrows.

6.47.75 Pelted by that torrent of arrows as a great mountain is by a storm-cloud, he contracted his form to a tiny size and alighted on the tip of Rāvaṇa's flagstaff.

6.47.76 Seeing the son of Agni perched upon the top of his flagstaff, Rāvaṇa blazed with anger — and then Nīla let out a roar.

6.47.77 Seeing that monkey leap from flagstaff-tip to bow-tip to crown-tip, Lakṣmaṇa, Hanūmān, and Rāma were all filled with wonder.

6.47.78 Rāvaṇa of great blazing energy, astonished at the monkey's agility, then invoked the flaming and wondrous Āgneya weapon.

6.47.79 Then the monkeys, having achieved their aim, shouted with joy, seeing Rāvaṇa thrown into confusion in battle by Nīla's nimbleness.

6.47.80 Enraged by the clamour of the monkeys, Rāvaṇa at that moment was seized with confusion of heart and could not recover his composure.

6.47.81 Then the night-ranger Rāvaṇa took up an arrow charged with the Āgneya weapon and looked up at Nīla, who stood upon the top of the flagstaff.

6.47.82 Then Rāvaṇa, the great-blazing lord of rākṣasas, spoke: "You are possessed of agility, O monkey, by some supreme magical power.

6.47.83 Protect your life if you can, O monkey — you multiply those forms of yours time and again.

6.47.84 Even so, the arrow discharged by me and empowered by this weapon shall dislodge you from your life, however much you strive to preserve it."

6.47.85 Having spoken thus, mighty-armed Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, fitted the arrow with the weapon and struck the commander of the host.

6.47.86 Nīla, struck in the chest by that arrow empowered with the weapon, burned as it were and suddenly fell to the ground.

6.47.87 Through the greatness of his father's glory and his own inherent energy, he fell only to his knees on the earth and was not parted from his life.

6.47.88 Seeing the monkey lying senseless, ten-necked Rāvaṇa, eager for battle, charged toward Saumitri in his chariot that roared like a thundercloud.

6.47.89 Saumitri, of undaunted spirit, spoke to him as he drew his immeasurable bow: "Come against me alone, O lord of the night-rangers — you should not fight against the monkeys."

6.47.90 Hearing his words, resonant and full-toned, and the fierce twang of his bowstring, the king approached Saumitri where he stood, and the rākṣasa spoke in anger.

6.47.91 "Fortunate for me that you have come within my sight, O Rāghava — you who are perverse of judgment and rushing toward your end. In this very instant you shall journey to the realm of death, battered by my net of arrows."

6.47.92 Saumitri, unperturbed, spoke to him as he roared with upturned white fangs: "The truly mighty do not bellow, O king. You boast too much, O foremost among evil-doers."

6.47.93 "I know your valour, O lord of rākṣasas — your strength, your power, and your prowess. I stand here, bow and arrows in hand. Come! What purpose is served by empty boasting?"

6.47.94 Provoked by these words, the angry lord of rākṣasas discharged seven well-feathered arrows; Lakṣmaṇa cut them apart with sharp-edged arrows adorned with golden plumage.

6.47.95 Seeing them suddenly cut down like great serpents with severed coils, the lord of Laṅkā fell under the sway of fury and launched other sharp-pointed arrows.

6.47.96 Rāma's younger brother unleashed a fierce rain of arrows from his bow, cutting apart those shafts with razor-headed, crescent-headed, karna, and broad-headed arrows, and remained undisturbed.

6.47.97 And Lakṣmaṇa swiftly fitted to his bow sharp-tipped arrows blazing like fire, equal in speed to the thunderbolt of great Indra, and discharged them to slay the lord of rākṣasas.

6.47.98 The lord of rākṣasas cut those arrows apart, and having cut them, struck Lakṣmaṇa in the forehead with an arrow blazing like the fire of final destruction — an arrow given by Svayambhū himself.

6.47.99 Lakṣmaṇa, wounded by Rāvaṇa's arrow, reeled and grasped his bow feebly; then recovering his senses with difficulty, he cut apart the bow of the enemy of the lord of the thirty gods.

6.47.100 Then the son of Daśaratha struck him — now bereft of his bow — with three sharp-pointed arrows. The king, tortured by those shafts, staggered and only with difficulty regained his senses.

6.47.101 His bow severed and his body struck by arrows, his limbs damp with sweat and drenched in blood, the enemy of the gods — of supreme power — seized in battle the śakti given by Svayambhū.

6.47.102 The lord of the rākṣasa realm swiftly hurled that blazing śakti — like smokeless fire and terrifying to the monkey host — at Saumitri.

6.47.103 The younger brother of Bharata struck that oncoming weapon with missile-charged arrows equal to consecrated fire; yet even so that śakti entered the broad chest of the son of Daśaratha.

6.47.104 Struck in the chest by that bewildering śakti, Saumitri contemplated within himself his own inconceivable nature as a portion of Viṣṇu.

6.47.105 Then the thorn of the gods tried to seize Saumitri — destroyer of the pride of dānavas — in his arms, but found himself powerless to lift him.

6.47.106 Himavān, Mandara, Meru, or even the three worlds together with the immortals might be lifted by his arms in battle — but not the younger brother of Bharata.

6.47.107 Then, seeing Lakṣmaṇa — that portion of Viṣṇu dwelling in a human body — lying senseless, Rāvaṇa was filled with astonishment.

6.47.108 Then the son of Vāyu, filled with fury, charged at Rāvaṇa and struck him in the chest with a clenched fist like a thunderbolt.

6.47.109 By that blow of the fist, Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, fell to the ground on his knees — he tottered and he fell.

6.47.110 Seeing Rāvaṇa of terrible prowess lying senseless in battle, the sages, the monkeys, and the gods together with Vāsava all shouted with joy.

6.47.111 And Hanūmān, full of energy, took up Lakṣmaṇa — who had been tormented by Rāvaṇa — in his arms and carried him to Rāghava's side.

6.47.112 By the friendship of the son of Vāyu and his supreme devotion, he who was utterly unshakeable by enemies became light — light as a monkey.

6.47.113 Having released Saumitri, that invincible one in battle, the śakti returned again to its place on Rāvaṇa's chariot.

6.47.114 Rāvaṇa of great blazing energy, having regained his senses in the great battle, took up sharp arrows and grasped his great bow.

6.47.115 And Lakṣmaṇa the slayer of enemies, comforted and freed from the arrow's pain, contemplated within himself his own nature as the unquestionable portion of Viṣṇu.

6.47.116 But Rāghava, seeing the great host of monkeys with their mighty heroes struck down in battle, charged toward Rāvaṇa.

6.47.117 Then Hanūmān approached him and spoke: "Mount upon my back and punish that rākṣasa."

6.47.118 Hearing those words spoken by the son of Vāyu, the heroic Rāghava swiftly mounted great Hanūmān, and the lord of men beheld Rāvaṇa standing in his chariot on the battlefield.

6.47.119 Beholding him, Rāghava of great blazing energy charged forward, as Viṣṇu in fury charged at Vairocana with weapon upraised.

6.47.120 Rāma made a fierce twang of his bowstring like the crash of a thunderbolt, and spoke to the lord of rākṣasas with a deep and resonant voice.

6.47.121 "Stand! Stand! You have done me such grievous wrong — where, O tiger among rākṣasas, can you go to find escape?"

6.47.122 "Even if you flee to Indra, Vaivasvata, or Bhāskara, to Svayambhū, Vaiśvānara, or Śaṃkara, or to the ten directions — even so, having gone from me today, you shall not be released."

6.47.123 "And he whom you struck today with the śakti and who has suddenly fallen into affliction — he, O king of the rākṣasa host, is your death in today's battle, the death of you and your sons and wives."

6.47.124 Hearing Rāghava's words, the lord of rākṣasas struck great Hanūmān with sharp arrows resembling the flames of the fire of final dissolution.

6.47.125 Even as he was struck by those arrows in the rākṣasa battle, his energy — joined to his innate blazing power — only grew greater still.

6.47.126 Then Rāma of great blazing energy, seeing that tiger among monkeys wounded by Rāvaṇa, came under the sway of wrath.

6.47.127 Advancing against his chariot, Rāma with well-feathered arrows cut apart its wheels, horses, flagstaff, parasol, great banner, charioteer, and thunderbolt, spear, and sword.

6.47.128 Then he swiftly struck the enemy of Indra with an arrow like a thunderbolt and lightning-flash in the broad well-formed expanse of his chest — as divine Indra strikes Meru with his thunderbolt.

6.47.129 He who had never trembled or stirred at the fall of thunderbolt and lightning — that king, that hero, when struck by Rāma's arrow, reeled greatly in pain and dropped his bow.

6.47.130 Seeing him reeling, great-souled Rāma took up a blazing crescent-headed arrow and with it suddenly cut away the crown of the lord of rākṣasas — brilliant as the sun.

6.47.131 Seeing him like a venomous serpent whose venom is spent, like the sun with dimmed rays and extinguished glory, his crown-peak severed, Rāma spoke to the lord of rākṣasas in battle.

6.47.132 "You have done a great and most terrible deed, and you have laid low my foremost heroes. Therefore, judging you to be exhausted, I shall not consign you to the power of death by my arrows today."

6.47.133 Thus addressed, his pride and joy shattered, his bow severed, his horses and charioteer slain, tormented by arrows, his great crown cut away, the king swiftly retreated into Laṅkā.

6.47.134 As that lord of the night-rangers — mighty, the enemy of dānavas and gods — entered the city, Rāma, together with Lakṣmaṇa, at the forefront of the supreme battle, made the monkeys free from wounds.

6.47.135 As that enemy of the lord of the thirty gods was put to flight, the gods and asuras, the host of beings, the directions with their oceans, the great serpents together with the sages, and likewise the creatures of earth and water — all were filled with joy.

6.48.1 Having entered the city of Laṅkā, tormented by fear of Rāma's arrows, the king was then of broken pride, his senses distraught.

6.48.2 As an elephant overwhelmed by a lion, as a serpent overwhelmed by Garuḍa, so the king was overpowered by Rāghava, that great-souled one.

6.48.3 Recalling Rāghava's arrows — blazing like the rod of Brahmā, brilliant as lightning — the lord of the rākṣasas trembled with anguish.

6.48.4 Resting on his divine golden throne of the highest order, casting his gaze about at the rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa spoke these words.

6.48.5 All that supreme austerity I performed has surely been rendered fruitless, since I, equal to great Indra, have been defeated by a mere human.

6.48.6 That dreadful word of Brahmā has now come upon me: "Know that danger to you will come from humans" — and so it has come to pass.

6.48.7 Invulnerability from gods, dānavas, gandharvas, yakṣas, rākṣasas, and serpents was obtained by me, but I did not beg it from humans.

6.48.8 Recognising this, you must make effort here; and let the rākṣasas stand guard atop the patrol towers and city gates.

6.48.9 And that one of incomparable depth, crusher of the pride of gods and dānavas, yet now overcome by Brahmā's curse — let Kumbhakarṇa be awakened.

6.48.10 Knowing himself defeated and Prahasta slain, the mighty one commanded the terrible army of rākṣasas.

6.48.11 "Let vigil be kept at the gates, let the ramparts be mounted, and let Kumbhakarṇa, seized by the power of sleep, be awakened."

6.48.12 "That rākṣasa sleeps for nine, six, seven, or eight months at a stretch — quickly rouse that mighty Kumbhakarṇa now."

6.48.13 "For he, the long-armed pinnacle of all rākṣasas, will swiftly slay the monkeys and those two princes in battle."

6.48.14 "Kumbhakarṇa always sleeps, that dull one addicted to base pleasures — but in this most dreadful battle against one driven back by Rāma —

6.48.15 "there will be no grief for me once Kumbhakarṇa is awakened. What indeed could I not accomplish with one whose strength equals Indra's?"

6.48.16 "One who does not rise to aid when such a calamity has arrived—" Having heard that command of the lord of rākṣasas, those rākṣasas

6.48.17 departed in great haste to the dwelling of Kumbhakarṇa — those appointed by Rāvaṇa who fed on flesh and blood.

6.48.18 Seizing perfumes, garlands, and food, they quickly went and entered through that great gate extending a full yojana in every direction.

6.48.19 Moving onward toward that beautiful cave of Kumbhakarṇa, fragrant with all manner of scents, they entered the cave with great effort and difficulty.

6.48.20 Entering that beautiful and auspicious cave with its golden floor, they beheld that tiger among rākṣasas lying there, terrible to behold.

6.48.21 Together they attempted to wake that grotesquely sleeping Kumbhakarṇa, who lay like a scattered mountain, sunk in deep slumber.

6.48.22 His body with hair erect, breathing like a great serpent, terrifying all with his mighty exhalations — he lay there, dreadful to look upon.

6.48.23 They beheld that tiger among rākṣasas, the mighty Kumbhakarṇa — with his fearsome nostrils and his mouth as vast as the netherworld.

6.48.24 Those great ones then piled before Kumbhakarṇa a heap of flesh resembling Mount Meru — the most gratifying of offerings.

6.48.25 Those tigers among rākṣasas assembled heaps of deer, buffaloes, and boars — a wondrous pile placed before him.

6.48.26 Then those enemies of the gods placed before Kumbhakarṇa jars of blood and various kinds of wine.

6.48.27 They anointed that scorcher of foes with the finest sandalwood paste and adorned him with divine garlands and sweet-smelling fragrances.

6.48.28 They wafted fragrant incense about and praised that scorcher of foes; the yātudhānas roared in their thousands like rain-clouds.

6.48.29 They filled conch shells bright as the moon and simultaneously raised a tumultuous clamor, and in their fury they roared all at once.

6.48.30 Those night-roamers shouted, clapped their arms, hurled things about, and made a vast din for the purpose of waking Kumbhakarṇa.

6.48.31 The din of conches, war-drums, and kettledrums, along with clapping, battle-cries, and lion-roars filling all directions and piercing the heavens — hearing it, birds fell suddenly to the ground.

6.48.32 When even with those great noises the mighty Kumbhakarṇa, deep in slumber, did not awake, then all those companies of rākṣasas seized clubs, pestles, and maces.

6.48.33 Those towering rākṣasas then struck Kumbhakarṇa, lying at ease in deep slumber on the ground, with mountain peaks, pestles, maces, trees, palm-blows, sledge-hammers, and fists.

6.48.34 Even the mighty rākṣasas could not stand before the blast of the breath of that rākṣasa Kumbhakarṇa's exhalations.

6.48.35 Then those rākṣasas of terrible prowess beat hard before him mṛdaṅgas, paṇavas, war-drums, conches, and kettledrums — ten thousand rākṣasas all sounding them simultaneously.

6.48.36 They tried to rouse that one who resembled a heap of dark collyrium, striking him and shouting — but he was utterly unaware.

6.48.37 When they were unable to wake him, they then undertook a more severe and terrible effort.

6.48.38 They beat horses, camels, donkeys, and elephants with sticks, whips, and goads, and sounded the war-drums, conches, and mṛdaṅgas with all their might.

6.48.39 They struck his limbs with great timbers, logs, sledge-hammers, and pestles, exerting their full strength.

6.48.40 With that tremendous noise all of Laṅkā was filled, along with its mountains and forests — yet he still did not awaken.

6.48.41 Then a thousand war-drums fitted with polished golden strikers were beaten simultaneously, all around him without pause.

6.48.42 Even so, when that one of extreme slumber, fallen under the power of the curse, did not wake, the night-roamers grew angry.

6.48.43 Possessed by great rage, all of them of terrible valor, others again made fresh exertion to rouse that rākṣasa.

6.48.44 Some beat war-drums, others raised a mighty clamor, some pulled at his hair, others bit at his ears — yet Kumbhakarṇa, overcome by deep sleep, did not stir.

6.48.45 Other strong ones, holding iron sledge-hammers, rained down blows upon his head, chest, and limbs.

6.48.46 Though struck all around with śataghnis bound with rope-ties, that great-bodied rākṣasa did not wake.

6.48.47 Then a thousand elephants were driven to run across his body — and only then did Kumbhakarṇa stir, becoming faintly conscious of the touch.

6.48.48 With mountain peaks and trees being hurled upon him, heeding not those great blows, his sleep at last exhausted, tormented by hunger, he stretched himself yawning and suddenly sprang up.

6.48.49 That night-roamer flung wide his two arms — each like the body of a great serpent or the summit of a mountain — and opening his mouth, which resembled the submarine fire, yawned in a monstrous fashion.

6.48.50 As he yawned, his mouth resembling the netherworld was seen like the sun risen above the peak of Mount Meru.

6.48.51 That night-roamer of tremendous strength, now awake and stretching, breathed out a breath that arose like wind from a mountain.

6.48.52 The form of Kumbhakarṇa as he rose up shone like a rain-laden cloud, crowded with lightning, pouring down rain at the end of summer.

6.48.53 His two great eyes, blazing like fierce fire, brilliant as lightning, were seen like two great planets burning bright.

6.48.54 Hungry, he devoured the flesh; thirsty, he drank blood; and that enemy of Indra then drank from jars of fat and wine.

6.48.55 Then, knowing him satiated, the night-roamers arose and, bowing their heads in reverence, surrounded him on all sides.

6.48.56 That bull among rākṣasas consoled all the rākṣasas, and being also astonished at being awakened, spoke these words to the rākṣasas.

6.48.57 "For what reason have you beaten and awakened me? Is the king in good health? Is there no danger anywhere here?"

6.48.58 "Or has some great danger surely arisen from others — for which reason you have awakened me in such haste?"

6.48.59 "This very day I shall root out the danger of the lord of rākṣasas — I shall strike down great Indra or I shall extinguish Agni himself."

6.48.60 "For no trifling reason would you wake me so forcefully in my sleep. Therefore, tell me truly the cause for my awakening."

6.48.61 To Kumbhakarṇa, that subduer of enemies, speaking thus in agitation, Yūpākṣa, minister of the king, spoke with joined palms.

6.48.62 "No danger to us has ever come from the gods, nor is there any such danger from daityas or dānavas — as the human danger, O king, that has now come upon us."

6.48.63 "This Laṅkā is surrounded by mountain-like monkeys; a tumultuous danger to us comes from Rāma, who is burning with grief over the abduction of Sītā."

6.48.64 "This great city was previously burned by a single monkey; Prince Akṣa was slain along with his retinue and his elephant."

6.48.65 "And the lord of rākṣasas himself, descendant of Pulastya, thorn in the side of the gods, was left for dead in battle when Rāma, blazing like the sun, released him."

6.48.66 "He whom neither the gods, daityas, nor dānavas could reduce to such a state — he was here released by Rāma from peril to his very life."

6.48.67 Having heard Yūpākṣa's words about his brother's defeat in battle, Kumbhakarṇa, with rolling eyes, spoke thus to Yūpākṣa.

6.48.68 "This very day, O Yūpākṣa, I shall slay the monkey army along with Lakṣmaṇa and Rāghava in battle — and after that I shall go to see Rāvaṇa."

6.48.69 "I shall satisfy the rākṣasas with the flesh and blood of the monkeys, and I myself shall drink the blood of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa."

6.48.70 Hearing those proud words of his, whose fault was the swelling of wrath, Mahodara, foremost warrior among the rākṣasas, spoke these words with joined palms.

6.48.71 "Having heard Rāvaṇa's words and deliberated on merits and faults, you may thereafter conquer the enemies in battle, O long-armed one."

6.48.72 Having heard Mahodara's words, Kumbhakarṇa of great brilliance, the mighty one, surrounded by rākṣasas, set out.

6.48.73 Having roused him of terrible eyes and terrifying form and valor, the rākṣasas hastened to the dwelling of the ten-necked Rāvaṇa.

6.48.74 Then, going to the ten-necked one seated on his supreme throne, all the night-roamers with folded palms spoke.

6.48.75 "Kumbhakarṇa your brother is awakened, O bull among rākṣasas. Please let him come forth from there — or you will see him arrived here."

6.48.76 Rāvaṇa then said, delighted: "I wish to see him here, duly honored — let him be received with fitting honor."

6.48.77 Saying "So be it," all those rākṣasas returned and, urged by Rāvaṇa, spoke these words to Kumbhakarṇa.

6.48.78 "The king, foremost of all rākṣasas, desires to see you — resolve to go and gladden your brother."

6.48.79 Kumbhakarṇa, that irresistible one, accepting his brother's command, said "So be it," and that mighty one sprang up from his bed.

6.48.80 Washing his face, joyful, having bathed and adorned himself with the finest ornaments, thirsty, he urgently called for drink that would restore his strength.

6.48.81 Then those rākṣasas, acting swiftly and at Rāvaṇa's command, quickly brought him wine and all manner of food.

6.48.82 Having drunk a thousand jars, he made ready to depart.

6.48.83 Slightly intoxicated, exhilarated, endowed with blazing energy and strength, Kumbhakarṇa shone joyfully, resembling Yama at the end of a cosmic age.

6.48.84 As Kumbhakarṇa went to his brother's palace, accompanied by the rākṣasa forces, his footfalls made the earth tremble.

6.48.85 Illuminating the royal road with his form as the sun with a thousand rays illumines the earth, he went there surrounded by garlands of joined-palm salutations — as Indra goes to the house of Svayambhū.

6.48.86 Some, distressed, sought refuge in Rāma the refuge; others fell overwhelmed; others, overcome, fled in all directions; others, stricken with fear, lay prostrate on the ground.

6.48.87 The forest-dwellers, seeing that one resembling a mountain peak, crowned and touching the sun as it were with his own blazing splendor, that wondrous giant, fled this way and that, tormented by fear.

6.49.1 Then mighty Rāma, full of valour, took up his bow and beheld Kumbhakarṇa, the crown-wearing, immense-bodied one.

6.49.2 Seeing that foremost of rākṣasas, who in appearance resembled a mountain, striding as if across the sky — like lord Nārāyaṇa of old —

6.49.3 — like a rain-laden cloud, adorned with golden armlets — the great army of monkeys, beholding him, fled again in all directions.

6.49.4 Seeing the army in flight and the rākṣasa looming ever larger, Rāma spoke in wonder to Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.49.5 "Who is that hero visible in Laṅkā, resembling a mountain, wearing a crown, with tawny eyes, like a storm-cloud charged with lightning?"

6.49.6 "That great one, sole banner of the earth, is seen here — at whose very sight all the monkeys scatter hither and thither."

6.49.7 "Tell me — who is this great being, rākṣasa or asura? Never before have I seen a creature of this kind."

6.49.8 Thus questioned by the royal prince Rāma, the tireless doer, the supremely wise Vibhīṣaṇa spoke to the descendant of Kākutstha.

6.49.9 "He by whom Vaivasvata Yama and Vāsava Indra were defeated in battle — he is that son of Viśravas, the mighty Kumbhakarṇa."

6.49.10 "By him, O Rāghava, gods, dānavas, yakṣas, serpents, flesh-eaters, gandharvas, vidyādharas, and kiṃnaras — by the thousands — have been utterly routed in battle."

6.49.11 "The thirty gods could not slay the great-armed Kumbhakarṇa, trident in hand, of misshapen eyes — deluded, they thought: 'This is but Time itself.'"

6.49.12 "For Kumbhakarṇa is by nature radiant and mighty beyond measure; the power of other rākṣasa lords comes only from boons granted."

6.49.13 "By this great soul, even as a newborn tormented by hunger, thousands upon thousands of living creatures were devoured."

6.49.14 "As creatures were being consumed, the people, oppressed by fear, took refuge with Śakra and laid their grievance before him too."

6.49.15 "Enraged, great Indra the thunderbolt-wielder struck Kumbhakarṇa with the sharp vajra; struck by Śakra's thunderbolt, that great soul reeled and roared mightily in fury."

6.49.16 "Hearing the roar of the wise Kumbhakarṇa as he bellowed, the earth was terrified and trembled anew."

6.49.17 "Then, in anger at great Indra, the mighty Kumbhakarṇa wrenched a tusk from Airāvata and struck Vāsava upon the chest."

6.49.18 "Wounded by Kumbhakarṇa's blow, Vāsava staggered; thereupon gods, brahmarṣis, and dānavas all fell into sudden despair."

6.49.19 "And Śakra, together with the people, went to the abode of the Self-born; they reported to Prajāpati Kumbhakarṇa's wickedness, his devouring of creatures, and his assaulting of the gods."

6.49.20 "If he continues to devour creatures thus without cease, in no long time the world will be empty."

6.49.21 "Hearing Vāsava's words, the Grandfather of all worlds summoned the rākṣasas and beheld Kumbhakarṇa."

6.49.22 "On beholding Kumbhakarṇa, Prajāpati was seized with fear; having looked and sighed, the Self-born spoke these words."

6.49.23 "'Surely you were fashioned by the Progenitor for the destruction of worlds; therefore from this day forth you shall sleep as one dead.' Overcome by Brahmā's curse, he fell prostrate before the lord."

6.49.24 "Then greatly agitated, Rāvaṇa spoke: 'A golden tree grown to fullness is cut down at the very time of its fruit!'"

6.49.25 "'It is not right, O Prajāpati, to curse one's own grandson thus — and your word is never false; he shall sleep, there is no doubt; but let a term be set for his sleeping and his waking.'"

6.49.26 "Hearing Rāvaṇa's words, the Self-born spoke: 'He shall sleep for six months at a stretch and wake for a single day.'"

6.49.27 "Within that one day that hero, roaming the earth in hunger, with gaping mouth shall devour the worlds, like fire blazing in fury."

6.49.28 "That king Rāvaṇa, having fallen into calamity, and now afraid of your might, has wakened Kumbhakarṇa."

6.49.29 "He, the hero of terrifying valour, has now emerged from the camp and runs about devouring the monkeys in great fury."

6.49.30 "Simply at the sight of Kumbhakarṇa, the monkeys have fled in terror — how shall the vānaras restrain him when he is enraged in battle?"

6.49.31 "Let all the monkeys be told: 'This is a machine set up' — knowing this, the monkeys will be fearless."

6.49.32 Hearing the reasoned words issuing clearly from Vibhīṣaṇa's mouth, Rāghava then spoke to Nīla the army commander.

6.49.33 "Go, array all the troops and stand firm in battle formation; seize the gates of Laṅkā, and likewise her highways and bridges."

6.49.34 "Gathering mountain peaks, trees, and boulders, let all the monkeys stand ready, armed, rocks in hand."

6.49.35 Instructed by Rāghava, Nīla, commander of the monkey host, that elephant among monkeys, duly marshalled the vānara army.

6.49.36 Then Gavākṣa, Śarabha, Hanūmān, Aṅgada, and Nala — mountain-like in form — grasping mountain peaks, advanced upon the gate.

6.49.37 Then that fierce array of monkeys, trees and upraised peaks in their hands, drawn up near the mountain, shone resplendent — like a vast, threatening mass of storm-clouds.

6.50.1 That tiger among rākṣasas, still stupefied with the intoxication of sleep, strode with vast steps along the royal road, adorned in splendour.

6.50.2 Surrounded by thousands of rākṣasas, utterly invincible, with a rain of flowers poured upon him from the houses, he went on his way.

6.50.3 He beheld the vast and beautiful dwelling of the rākṣasa lord, spread over with nets of gold, blazing like the sun.

6.50.4 Entering that abode of the rākṣasa lord like the sun passing through a canopy of clouds, he saw his elder brother seated in the distance, like the Self-born enthroned, like Śakra upon his throne.

6.50.5 Approaching his brother's house and penetrating to the inner court, he saw his overlord seated in anxious grief upon the Puṣpaka aerial palace.

6.50.6 Then seeing Kumbhakarṇa arrived before him, the ten-necked one rose quickly, delighted, and drew him near.

6.50.7 Then mighty Kumbhakarṇa, as his brother sat upon the couch, bowed at his feet and asked: "What is to be done?" Springing up, Rāvaṇa joyfully embraced him.

6.50.8 Embraced by his brother and duly honoured, Kumbhakarṇa took his seat upon a fair and splendid throne.

6.50.9 Seated there, the mighty Kumbhakarṇa, his eyes flushed red with anger, addressed Rāvaṇa with these words.

6.50.10 "For what purpose have I, O king, been respectfully roused by you? Tell me — from what do you fear? Who is to become a ghost today?"

6.50.11 Rāvaṇa spoke to his brother Kumbhakarṇa, who sat there in anger, with eyes slightly averted.

6.50.12 "A very great time has passed while you slept, O mighty one; complacent, you have not known the fear that Rāma has brought upon me."

6.50.13 "This Rāma, son of Daśaratha, mighty with Sugrīva at his side, has crossed the ocean with his army and is cutting at our very root."

6.50.14 "Look — see how the groves and gardens of Laṅkā are now an ocean of monkeys, arrived with ease across the bridge."

6.50.15 "The foremost of the rākṣasas have been slain by the monkeys in battle; a diminishing of the monkeys in combat I see never at all."

6.50.16 "With the treasury entirely exhausted, you have come to me — protect this city of Laṅkā, left with only the young and the old."

6.50.17 "For your brother's sake, O mighty-armed one, perform this most difficult deed — I have never before spoken thus to anyone, O brother, scorcher of foes; in you I place my love and my highest hope."

6.50.18 "In the many fierce battles between gods and asuras, O bull among rākṣasas, you have stood against the gods and conquered asuras in battle — among all beings no equal to your might is seen."

6.50.19 "Do for me this highest deed of love and benefit, O dear one who loves dear battle-comrades — scatter the enemy host by your own brilliance, like a great wind rising to dispel the autumn clouds."

6.51.1 Hearing the lamentation of the rākṣasa king, Kumbhakarṇa then spoke, and laughed.

6.51.2 "The fault we foresaw long ago in the counsel chamber — you who were not intent on what is beneficial have now encountered that very consequence."

6.51.3 "Indeed the fruit of evil action has swiftly come upon you — like the fall into hell of one who has done wicked deeds."

6.51.4 "In the first place, O great king, this deed was undertaken without thought; relying solely on pride in your prowess, you gave no consideration to its consequences."

6.51.5 "He who, placed in sovereignty, does first what should be done later and does later what should be done first — such a one knows nothing of sound policy and its contrary."

6.51.6 "Actions performed in the wrong place and time, done in a contrary manner, come to ruin — like oblations offered by one who has not purified himself."

6.51.7 "He who clearly sees the fivefold application of the three types of action and, having taken counsel with his ministers, follows the right course — such a one walks the proper path of governance."

6.51.8 "A king who seeks to devise policy in accordance with scripture, who understands his ministers with discernment, and who keeps watch over his allies —"

6.51.9 "— that man, O lord of rākṣasas, pursues all three — dharma, artha, and kāma — in their season, or again in their three paired combinations."

6.51.10 "A king or one of royal standing who, after hearing what is foremost among these three, does not comprehend it — his wide learning is in vain."

6.51.11 "Conciliation by gifts, conciliation by gentle speech, sowing dissension, and bold action at the right moment — these strategies, O foremost of rākṣasas, and both sound and unsound policy —"

6.51.12 "— he who, self-possessed, takes counsel with his ministers in due season regarding dharma, artha, and kāma, and then acts upon them, encounters no calamity in this world."

6.51.13 "A king lives well who, with ministers versed in the true meaning of policy, examines what is to be done and what is not, in view of the chain of consequences beneficial to himself."

6.51.14 "Men of animal understanding, ignorant of the import of the śāstras, yet presume to speak in councils to which they have been admitted — solely out of arrogance."

6.51.15 "The words of those who do not know the śāstras, who are ignorant of the science of polity and yet covet great prosperity, should not be made welcome."

6.51.16 "Those who, through impudence, prattle that the harmful is beneficial must be watched and excluded from counsel as destroyers of enterprise."

6.51.17 "Ministers who, in league with clever enemies, cause the destruction of their master by setting contrary courses of action in motion here —"

6.51.18 "— a master should recognise those ministers, who resemble friends but are enemies in counsel, through their conduct, even as they are brought close."

6.51.19 "The affairs of a fickle man who rushes headlong into things are exploited by others, as birds enter the gap in the Krauñca mountain."

6.51.20 "He who, while disregarding the enemy, does not protect himself, truly incurs disaster and is dislodged from his position."

6.51.21 Hearing Kumbhakarṇa's speech, the ten-necked one drew his brows together and, enraged, spoke to him thus.

6.51.22 "Like a venerable teacher and preceptor — why do you lecture me? Why this laborious rhetoric? Let what is proper be done now, at this moment."

6.51.23 "Whether it was done through confusion, delusion of mind, or reliance on strength and valour — what is now done cannot be undone; do not pointlessly repeat it."

6.51.24 "Let what is now fitting at this juncture be enacted; remedy by your valour the fault arising from my ill-counsel."

6.51.25 "If indeed you have affection for me, if you recognise the bond of brotherhood, or if this matter is regarded by you at heart as most urgent —"

6.51.26 "— he is a friend who comes to the aid of one whose affairs have gone to ruin and who is brought low; he is a kinsman who lends his help when things have gone wrong."

6.51.27 Then perceiving that Rāvaṇa was offended by these words — firm yet harsh — Kumbhakarṇa spoke softly and soothingly.

6.51.28 Observing too keenly that his brother's senses were agitated, Kumbhakarṇa spoke gently, consoling him.

6.51.29 "Enough — O lord of rākṣasa kings, do not give yourself over to anguish; casting aside your rage, you ought to be at peace."

6.51.30 "While I yet live, O king, this matter ought not to weigh upon your mind; I shall destroy him on whose account you grieve."

6.51.31 "Surely I must in every situation speak what is beneficial to you — what I said was spoken from the bond of kinship and from brotherly love, O king."

6.51.32 "What now befits a devoted kinsman at this moment — behold it being done by me: the destruction of enemies in battle."

6.51.33 "This very day, O mighty-armed one, behold — with Rāma and his brother slain by me at the front of battle — the monkey host in flight."

6.51.34 "Today, seeing Rāma's head brought from the battlefield by me, be glad, O mighty-armed one; let Sītā be made to grieve."

6.51.35 "Today let all the rākṣasas in Laṅkā — those whose kinsmen have been slain — behold the greatly desired death of Rāma."

6.51.36 "Today, by the destruction of the enemy in battle, I shall wipe away the tears of those overcome with grief at the slaying of their own kinsmen."

6.51.37 "Today behold Sugrīva, lord of the leaping monkeys, mountain-like, like a cloud bearing the sun, shattered in battle."

6.51.38 "No other need be sent by you to battle, O one of incomparable prowess — I myself, O mighty one, shall annihilate your enemies."

6.51.39 "Whether it be Śakra, or Yama, or fire and wind, or Kubera and Varuṇa — I shall fight all of them."

6.51.40 "Even Puraṃdara Indra should fear me, whose body is the size of a mountain, who wields a sharp trident, who roars, whose fangs are keen."

6.51.41 "Or else, abandoning weapons, treading down the enemies with swift force — no one who wishes to live is capable of standing before me in battle."

6.51.42 "Neither with spear, nor with mace, nor with sword, nor with keen arrows — but with my two bare hands, in fury, I shall slay even the thunderbolt-wielder."

6.51.43 "If that Rāghava today withstands the force of my fist, then let the torrents of arrows drink Rāghava's blood."

6.51.44 "Why are you tormented by anxiety, O king, when I am at hand? I am ready to go forth for the destruction of your enemy."

6.51.45 "Release your fear of Rāma, O king; in combat I shall slay Rāghava, Lakṣmaṇa, and the mighty Sugrīva — I wish to bestow upon you extraordinary and great glory."

6.51.46 "To bring you pleasure-bringing joy through the slaying of the son of Daśaratha, I go forth; having slain Rāma along with Lakṣmaṇa, I shall devour all the chiefs of the monkey host."

6.51.47 "Revel at will, drink choice wine, attend to your affairs, let your fever be allayed; when I have this very day dispatched Rāma to Yama's realm, Sītā will at last be yours to command."

6.52.1 Having heard those words spoken by mighty Atikāya, the powerful, long-armed Kumbhakarṇa, Mahodara then replied.

6.52.2 "Born in the clan of Kumbhakarṇa, you are insolent and of common understanding; filled with conceit, you are unable to discern what is proper in every matter.

6.52.3 The king surely knows what is sound policy and what is not, O Kumbhakarṇa; but you, insolent since boyhood, desire only to bluster.

6.52.4 One who understands the division of place and time discerns what is stable, what is growth, and what is decline — both for himself and for others, O bull among rākṣasas.

6.52.5 What a mighty one of ordinary intellect, who has not attended upon the wise elders, might do — what wise man would do likewise?

6.52.6 As for the three — dharma, artha, and kāma — which you expound as separate pursuits to be understood: by your very nature you show no sign of comprehending them.

6.52.7 For action is the purpose of all causes; and here the fruit of actions falls out as either good or evil.

6.52.8 Dharma and artha both yield the fruit of the highest good; the opposite pair — adharma and anartha — bear only harmful fruit.

6.52.9 Men perform action for this world and the next; and by fixing upon the ordained actions, one also attains kāma.

6.52.10 In that regard, what the king has determined in his heart is deemed proper by us; for if there is rashness toward the enemy, what harm could be removed from it?

6.52.11 As for the reasoning you have advanced for going alone against the enemy — even in that I will tell you what is improper and what is not sound.

6.52.12 He by whom many exceedingly mighty rākṣasas were slain formerly at Janasthāna — how will you alone conquer that Rāghava?

6.52.13 Those great-spirited rākṣasas who were defeated by him at Janasthāna — even today you see them all in the city, still in fear.

6.52.14 That Rāma, son of Daśaratha, who is like an enraged lion — you wish, like one who unknowingly stirs a sleeping serpent, to rouse him.

6.52.15 Who is fit to approach him who always blazes with splendour and is unapproachable in wrath — approaching him is like approaching unbearable Death?

6.52.16 All of this is fraught with doubt in confronting that enemy; your going there alone does not at all please me.

6.52.17 Who, like a common man of diminished resources, would seek to bring under control a powerful enemy clearly at the cost of his own life?

6.52.18 He who has no equal among men, O foremost of rākṣasas — how do you hope to fight one who is the peer of Indra and Vivasvat?

6.52.19 Having thus addressed the enraged Kumbhakarṇa, Mahodara then spoke in the midst of the rākṣasas to Rāvaṇa, who makes the worlds cry out.

6.52.20 "Having regained Vaidehī, why do you babble on? When you desire it, Sītā will be in your power.

6.52.21 A certain stratagem has occurred to me for bringing Sītā to compliance; if it pleases you, lord of rākṣasas, hear it.

6.52.22 Have it proclaimed: 'I — Dvijihva — and Saṃhrādī, Kumbhakarṇa, and Vitardana go forth now to slay Rāma.'

6.52.23 Then, going forth, we shall give him battle with full effort; if we conquer your enemies, stratagem is unnecessary for us.

6.52.24 But if the enemy survives and we have engaged in battle, then we shall execute what has been deliberated in the mind.

6.52.25 We shall return here from the battle drenched in blood, our own bodies pierced by the sharp arrows bearing the name of Rāma.

6.52.26 Declaring 'We have devoured Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa,' we shall grasp your feet; you, fulfil our desire.

6.52.27 Then proclaim throughout the city from the back of an elephant, O king: 'Rāma has been slain along with his brother and his army.'

6.52.28 Then, O subduer of foes, becoming indeed pleased with your servants, bestow upon them enjoyments, retinues, and desires.

6.52.29 Then give garlands, garments, and ointments to the heroes; give abundant drink to the warriors, and yourself drink in joy.

6.52.30 Then, when this merriment has multiplied and spread everywhere, entering in private, reassure and soothe Sītā, and entice her with wealth, grain, pleasures, and jewels.

6.52.31 By this ruse, O king — bound to fear and grief — Sītā, bereft of her lord and unwilling, will come under your sway.

6.52.32 Learning that her worthy husband is destroyed, she, out of despair and the lightness of a woman's nature, will submit to your will.

6.52.33 She who was formerly reared in happiness and worthy of happiness, now tormented by misery — knowing that happiness depends on you — will in every way come to you.

6.52.34 This, in my view, is sound policy; for upon merely seeing Rāma, disaster would befall. Here your great longing shall be fulfilled — gain of happiness without battle.

6.52.35 A lord of men who, without losing his army and without encountering doubt, conquers his enemies without battle, O master of the earth, long enjoys great glory, merit, prosperity, and fame."

6.53.1 Thus spoken to, Kumbhakarṇa rebuked Mahodara, then addressed his brother Rāvaṇa, foremost among rākṣasas.

6.53.2 "I shall this day wipe away your terrible fear of death at the hands of that wicked Rāma; be free from enmity and dwell in happiness.

6.53.3 Heroes do not roar in vain, as waterless clouds do; see now my roar being fulfilled in battle by deed.

6.53.4 Heroes neither endure passively nor glorify themselves; without showing off, they perform deeds of great difficulty.

6.53.5 This is what first befalls kings who are confused, devoid of wisdom, and fancying themselves learned — those who listen to the likes of you, Mahodara.

6.53.6 This matter has been ruined by cowards like you, ever speaking pleasant words, following the king about in battle.

6.53.7 Laṅkā has been reduced to but the shadow of a kingdom; the treasury is exhausted, the army slaughtered — all through attending upon this king who wears the mark of a friend but is an enemy.

6.53.8 I now march forth for battle, intent on conquering the enemy, to rectify today in the great conflict the ill counsel of yourselves.

6.53.9 Having heard these words of the wise Kumbhakarṇa, the lord of rākṣasas then replied, laughing.

6.53.10 "This Mahodara is certainly terrified of Rāma — no doubt; he does not relish battle, dear one, though expert in warfare.

6.53.11 There is no one equal to you for me in affection and in strength; go for the slaying of the enemy and for the triumph of Kumbhakarṇa.

6.53.12 The swift annihilator of enemies then took up the sharp spear — made entirely of iron, blazing, and adorned with beaten gold —

6.53.13 fearsome as Indra's thunderbolt, equal in weight to the vajra, the slayer of gods, dānavas, gandharvas, yakṣas, and kiṃnaras —

6.53.14 garlanded with red wreaths of great length, shooting forth flames of itself, stained with the blood of enemies. Taking up that sharp spear, the greatly resplendent Kumbhakarṇa spoke to Rāvaṇa.

6.53.15 "I shall go alone; let the great army remain here. Today, hungry and wrathful, I shall devour those monkeys.

6.53.16 Hearing Kumbhakarṇa's words, Rāvaṇa replied: "Go surrounded by troops bearing spears and clubs in their hands.

6.53.17 For the monkeys are noble-souled, swift, and resolute; they could bring even one alone or careless to destruction with their teeth.

6.53.18 Therefore go surrounded by utterly irresistible troops; annihilate the entire enemy host, which is hostile to the rākṣasas."

6.53.19 Then, springing up from his seat, the greatly resplendent Rāvaṇa bound upon Kumbhakarṇa a garland set with jewels at intervals.

6.53.20 He fastened armlets, finger-rings, and choice ornaments upon the great-souled one, as well as a necklace bright as the moon.

6.53.21 Rāvaṇa also attached divine, fragrant garland-chains, and fastened upon his ears his resplendent earrings.

6.53.22 Adorned with golden armlets and upper-arm bands, decorated with necklace-ornaments, large-eared Kumbhakarṇa blazed like a well-fed fire.

6.53.23 Resplendent with a great dark waist-cord, he shone like Mount Mandara when it was bound with the serpent at the churning of the nectar.

6.53.24 As the golden armour — capable of bearing great weight, windproof, bright as lightning, blazing with its own radiance — was being fastened upon him, he shone like the king of mountains wrapped in twilight clouds.

6.53.25 His body bound with every ornament, spear in hand, that rākṣasa, his valour akin to that of the three-striding one, appeared like Nārāyaṇa himself.

6.53.26 Embracing his brother, circling him clockwise, and bowing his head to him, the mighty one set forth; and Rāvaṇa sent him off with auspicious benedictions.

6.53.27 With the blare of conches and kettledrums, and with troops bearing choice weapons, with elephants, horses, and chariots thundering like rain-clouds, chariot-warriors followed that great-souled one, the foremost of chariot-fighters.

6.53.28 With serpents, camels, donkeys, horses, lions, elephants, deer, and birds, they followed that terrible and mighty Kumbhakarṇa.

6.53.29 Showered with flowers of varied colours, holding an umbrella aloft, sharp spear in hand, intoxicated with frenzy, maddened by the scent of blood, the foe of dānavas and gods marched forth.

6.53.30 Many foot-soldiers followed him — fearsome rākṣasas of great strength and terrible eyes, roaring loudly, weapons in hand.

6.53.31 Red-eyed, of immense bodies, resembling mounds of blue collyrium, brandishing sharp swords and axes —

6.53.32 and great missiles many fathoms long, vast and irresistible, and broad palm-tree trunks as well, vast and unapproachable —

6.53.33 Then, assuming another terrible form that made the hair stand on end, the greatly resplendent and mighty Kumbhakarṇa burst forth.

6.53.34 His girth measured a hundred bow-lengths around; he rose to six hundred bow-lengths in height — a fearsome one, his eyes like chariot-wheels, resembling a great mountain.

6.53.35 Joining the rākṣasas, the great one resembling a scorched mountain, wide-mouthed Kumbhakarṇa, laughing, spoke thus:

6.53.36 "Today, enraged, I shall burn those hosts of monkey-chiefs troop by troop, as fire burns locusts.

6.53.37 The forest-roaming monkeys have done me no real wrong; creatures like them are the natural ornament of parks and gardens.

6.53.38 But the root of the siege of the city is Rāghava together with Lakṣmaṇa; when he is slain, all is slain — him I shall kill in battle."

6.53.39 As Kumbhakarṇa spoke thus, the rākṣasas set up a mighty and terrible roar, as if shaking the ocean.

6.53.40 As the wise Kumbhakarṇa swiftly burst forth, terrible omens appeared on all sides.

6.53.41 Clouds mixed with meteors and thunderbolts rumbled most dreadfully; the earth with its oceans and forests trembled.

6.53.42 Jackals of fearsome aspect howled with flaming morsels in their mouths; birds wheeled in inauspicious circles.

6.53.43 A vulture alighted upon his spear as he walked the road; his eye throbbed and his left arm trembled.

6.53.44 A blazing meteor fell then with a fearsome sound; the sun lost its lustre, and no pleasant breeze blew.

6.53.45 Heeding not the great and hair-raising portents that had arisen, Kumbhakarṇa marched out, impelled by the force of Death.

6.53.46 Stepping over the rampart on foot, mountain-like, he beheld the wondrous monkey-army, dense as a mass of clouds.

6.53.47 Seeing that foremost rākṣasa who was like a mountain, the monkeys fled in all directions then, like storm-driven clouds.

6.53.48 Seeing that exceedingly fierce monkey-army scatter in all directions like a broken mass of clouds, Kumbhakarṇa, who resembled a cloud, roared again in joy, like a thunder-cloud.

6.53.49 Hearing his terrible roar, as though it were the rumble of a cloud in the sky, many leaping monkeys fell to the ground, like sāla-trees with their roots cut.

6.53.50 That great-souled Kumbhakarṇa, bearing his broad iron club, having gone forth to slay the enemy, struck profound terror into the monkey-hosts, like a master wielding his rod of punishment at the world's end.

6.54.1 He roared a mighty roar, resounding over the ocean, as if generating thunderclaps, as if shattering mountains.

6.54.2 Seeing him approach with his terrible eyes — he who was invincible by Indra, Yama, or Varuṇa — the monkeys fled in all directions.

6.54.3 Seeing them running away, Aṅgada, son of Vālin, addressed Nala, Nīla, Gavākṣa, and the mighty Kumuda:

6.54.4 "Forgetting yourselves here — your valour and your noble birth — where do you go, panicked with fear, like common monkeys?

6.54.5 Turn back, gentle ones; why do you protect your lives? This rākṣasa is not fit for battle — this great menace is mere terror.

6.54.6 This great terror of the rākṣasas that has arisen — we shall scatter it by our valour; turn back, O leaping ones."

6.54.7 With great difficulty reassuring them and rallying them from here and there, the monkeys, with trees and boulders in hand, set forth toward the battle-field.

6.54.8 Turning back, those forest-dwellers, exceedingly enraged, struck Kumbhakarṇa — like rut-maddened elephants — hurling tall mountain-peaks and boulders, the mighty ones.

6.54.9 Though struck with flowering-topped trees, he did not tremble; the boulders that fell upon his limbs shattered into hundreds of pieces, and the flowering-topped trees broke and fell to the ground.

6.54.10 He too, enraged, with utmost effort, ground down the armies of the mighty monkeys, like a blazing fire consuming forests.

6.54.11 Many foremost monkeys, drenched in blood, lay prostrate — cast down and fallen upon the earth like trees with copper-red blossoms.

6.54.12 The monkeys, leaping and running, looked not back; some fell into the ocean, some took refuge in the sky.

6.54.13 Those heroes, being slaughtered by the mighty rākṣasa, fled by the very path by which they had crossed the ocean.

6.54.14 With dejected faces, in fear, the bears and monkeys took to open ground and valleys; some climbed into trees, some took refuge on a mountain.

6.54.15 Some plunged into the sea, some took shelter in caves; some monkeys sat still, some did not stand their ground at all.

6.54.16 Seeing those monkeys routed, Aṅgada spoke to them: "Stand firm; let us fight; turn back, O leaping ones.

6.54.17 Searching this entire earth, I see no refuge for you who are routed; all of you, turn back — why do you protect your lives?

6.54.18 For those who run unarmed with unsupported flight and no valour — their own wives shall mock them; that truly is a blow against life.

6.54.19 We are all born in great and illustrious clans; it is surely ignoble that, in fear, abandoning your valour, you run away.

6.54.20 Those boasts of yours in the assembly of the people — where are they now? Where have those great and exalted resolves gone?

6.54.21 The taunts of 'coward' are heard — he who lives disgraced is cursed; follow the path trodden by men of honour; abandon fear.

6.54.22 Let us lie slain upon the earth — we who have short lives — or, cut down in battle, attain the world of Brahmā, hard to reach; or let us gain glory by slaying the enemy in combat.

6.54.23 Kumbhakarṇa, having seen Kākutstha, shall not go away living — like a moth approaching a blazing fire.

6.54.24 We who were pointed at for fleeing — shall we protect our lives? Many routed by one — our glory shall come to nothing."

6.54.25 As heroic Aṅgada of the golden armlets spoke thus, those still fleeing uttered words censured by the brave:

6.54.26 "Terrible carnage has been wrought upon us by the rākṣasa Kumbhakarṇa; this is no time to stand — we go; life is dear to us."

6.54.27 Having spoken only this much, all those monkey-troop leaders fled in all directions, seeing the fearsome, terrible-eyed one approaching.

6.54.28 But those fleeing heroes, the broad-faced monkeys, were then all turned back by Aṅgada with gentle words and great respect.

6.54.29 Ṛṣabha, Śarabha, Mainda, Dhūmra, and Nīla; Kumuda, Suṣeṇa, Gavākṣa, Rambha, and Tāra; Dvivida, Panasa, and Vāyuputra as chief — all set out swiftly toward the battle.

6.55.1 Those mighty-bodied ones, having heard the words of Aṅgada, turned back and assumed a resolute mind, all eager for battle.

6.55.2 Their valor stirred up and their courage heightened, the monkeys were rallied by the words of Aṅgada.

6.55.3 Setting forth, the monkeys became joyful, having resolved on death; they fought a most tumultuous battle, having cast aside all concern for their lives.

6.55.4 Then those mighty-bodied monkeys, quickly lifting up trees and great mountain peaks, rushed toward Kumbhakarṇa.

6.55.5 That valiant Kumbhakarṇa, exceedingly wrathful, lifting up his mace, of tremendous body, crushed and scattered the enemies on every side.

6.55.6 Seven hundred, eight hundred, thousands of monkeys lay scattered on the ground, crushed by Kumbhakarṇa.

6.55.7 Sixteen, eight, ten, twenty, thirty at a time — seizing them with his arms and devouring them, he ran about eating them; exceedingly enraged, like Garuḍa among serpents.

6.55.8 Hanūmān, stationed in the sky, rained down mountain peaks and many kinds of trees upon the head of Kumbhakarṇa.

6.55.9 Kumbhakarṇa of great strength shattered those mountain peaks with his spear and broke apart the shower of trees.

6.55.10 Then that fierce army of monkeys fled; but Hanūmān stood before him as he charged, grasping a mountain peak.

6.55.11 Enraged, he struck Kumbhakarṇa of terrible frame swiftly with the finest of mountains; Kumbhakarṇa was shaken thereby and overcome, his body dripping with fat and drenched in blood.

6.55.12 He whirled his spear, blazing like lightning, and struck the son of the Wind between his arms, as Guha once struck the Krauñca mountain with his fierce lance.

6.55.13 Hanūmān, his great chest pierced by the spear, staggered and vomiting blood from his mouth, let out a terrible roar in the great battle, like the sound of thunder at the end of an age.

6.55.14 Thereupon the hosts of rākṣasas suddenly roared with delight seeing him afflicted; the monkeys, distressed and overwhelmed with fear, fled from Kumbhakarṇa in the battle.

6.55.15 Nīla hurled a mountain peak at the wise Kumbhakarṇa; seeing it coming toward him, Kumbhakarṇa struck it with his fist.

6.55.16 That mountain peak, struck by the blow of his fist, shattered and fell to the earth with sparks and flames.

6.55.17 Ṛṣabha, Śarabha, Nīla, Gavākṣa, and Gandhamādana — these five foremost monkeys rushed upon Kumbhakarṇa.

6.55.18 Those mighty ones struck the great-bodied Kumbhakarṇa from all sides with rocks, trees, palms, feet, and fists.

6.55.19 Feeling those blows as if mere touches, he did not flinch; but the swift Ṛṣabha he clasped in his arms.

6.55.20 That terrible bull among monkeys, crushed by Kumbhakarṇa's arms, fell, with blood flowing from his mouth.

6.55.21 The enemy of Indra then struck Śarabha with his fist, Nīla with his knee in battle, and Gavākṣa with his palm.

6.55.22 Tormented by the blows given to them, drenched in blood, they fainted and fell to earth like felled kiṃśuka trees.

6.55.23 When those great-souled monkey chiefs had fallen, thousands of monkeys fled from Kumbhakarṇa.

6.55.24 All those mighty bull-monkeys, themselves resembling mountains, leapt upon him as upon a mountain, climbed him and bit him.

6.55.25 Those bull-monkeys struck the great-bodied Kumbhakarṇa with nails, teeth, fists, and knees.

6.55.26 Covered by those thousands of monkeys, that tiger among rākṣasas, who resembled a mountain, shone like a hill covered with its own trees.

6.55.27 Seizing all the monkeys with his arms, that mighty one devoured them, enraged, like Garuḍa devouring serpents.

6.55.28 Monkeys thrown by Kumbhakarṇa into his mouth, which resembled the underworld, emerged through his nostrils and his ears.

6.55.29 Devouring the monkeys with extreme fury, that foremost of rākṣasas, who resembled a mountain, smashed all the monkeys, exceedingly enraged.

6.55.30 Making the ground a mire of flesh and blood, that rākṣasa moved through the monkey army like the fire of universal dissolution blazing intensely.

6.55.31 The mighty Kumbhakarṇa in that battle shone forth, spear in hand, as Śakra with the thunderbolt in his hand, as Antaka with his noose in hand.

6.55.32 As fire burns dry forests in summer, so Kumbhakarṇa consumed the monkey armies.

6.55.33 Then those monkeys, being slaughtered, their herd-leaders slain, trembling with fear, cried out discordantly and piteously.

6.55.34 The monkeys, being slaughtered repeatedly by Kumbhakarṇa, afflicted and downcast in heart, sought refuge with Rāghava.

6.55.35 Seeing that mighty Kumbhakarṇa charging forward, the heroic Sugrīva, lord of the monkeys, leapt up.

6.55.36 That great monkey, lifting a mountain peak and whirling it about, rushed swiftly at the mighty Kumbhakarṇa.

6.55.37 Seeing that monkey rushing upon him, Kumbhakarṇa stood with all his limbs exposed, facing the king of the monkeys.

6.55.38 Seeing Kumbhakarṇa standing there with his body smeared with the blood of monkeys, devouring great monkeys, Sugrīva spoke.

6.55.39 "Warriors have been felled by you; a most difficult feat has been accomplished; armies have been devoured; supreme glory has been won by you.

6.55.40 Abandon that monkey army — what use have you for these ordinary ones? Bear one blow from me, rākṣasa, with this mountain."

6.55.41 Hearing that speech of the monkey king, imbued with courage and steadfastness, Kumbhakarṇa, tiger among rākṣasas, replied.

6.55.42 "You are indeed the grandson of Prajāpati and the son of Ṛkṣaraja; you are endowed with famed valor — that is why you roar so, monkey."

6.55.43 Hearing Kumbhakarṇa's words, he suddenly whirled the mountain and released it; with that mountain, resembling a thunderbolt or lightning, he struck Kumbhakarṇa in the chest.

6.55.44 That mountain peak was instantly shattered against his broad chest; thereupon the monkeys were suddenly downcast while the hosts of rākṣasas cried out with joy.

6.55.45 Struck by the mountain peak, he became enraged and roared in his fury, opening wide his mouth; whirling his lightning-bright spear, he hurled it to slay the lord of the monkeys.

6.55.46 That sharp spear hurled by Kumbhakarṇa's arms, adorned with a golden garland, was quickly leapt upon by the son of Anila, who caught and swiftly broke it with his arms.

6.55.47 That great spear of dark iron, made to bear a thousand loads, was broken by that bull among monkeys, who placed his knee upon it, delighted.

6.55.48 Seeing his spear broken, the great-souled lord of the rākṣasas became enraged; uprooting a peak from Laṅkā's Malaya range, he approached and struck Sugrīva with it.

6.55.49 The king of the monkeys, struck by the mountain peak, fell insensible to the ground in battle; seeing him fallen insensible to the ground, the rākṣasas roared with delight in battle.

6.55.50 Approaching that king of monkeys with his wondrously terrible might, Kumbhakarṇa seized and carried off Sugrīva in battle, even as the exceedingly violent wind carries off a cloud.

6.55.51 Kumbhakarṇa, tearing him away and moving in battle, of a form comparable to Meru, shone forth with the one who resembled a great cloud — like Meru with its terribly high peaks.

6.55.52 Then the hero tore him away and went, being praised by the lords of rākṣasas in battle, hearing the cries of the gods in their heaven, who were astonished at the capture of the monkey king.

6.55.53 Then taking him, the enemy of Indra thought regarding that Indra-like lord of monkeys: "With this one taken captive, the entire army together with Rāghava would be undone."

6.55.54 Seeing the monkey army fleeing in every direction and Sugrīva the monkey seized by Kumbhakarṇa,

6.55.55 the wise Hanūmān, son of the Wind, began to reflect: "With Sugrīva seized in this manner, what is it that I should do?"

6.55.56 "Whatever is right for me to do, that I shall do by every means; assuming a form like a mountain, I shall destroy the rākṣasa.

6.55.57 "When the mighty Kumbhakarṇa has been slain by me in battle, his body crushed by my fists, and the monkey king freed, let all the monkeys be glad."

6.55.58 "Or else the king himself will gain release — even if he were seized by the gods together with asuras and serpents,

6.55.59 "I think the lord of monkeys does not yet regain his senses, having been struck by the mountain blow from Kumbhakarṇa in battle.

6.55.60 "In a moment Sugrīva, having regained consciousness in the great battle, will do what is beneficial for himself and for the monkeys.

6.55.61 "But if I were to rescue the great-souled Sugrīva, both his displeasure would result and the permanent loss of his glory would be grievous.

6.55.62 "Therefore I shall wait a moment for the valor of our king; in the meantime I shall reassure the scattered monkey army."

6.55.63 Having thus reflected, Hanūmān, son of the Wind, once again steadied the great army of monkeys.

6.55.64 Then Kumbhakarṇa entered Laṅkā carrying that great monkey who was writhing and struggling, showered with the finest flowers by those standing in the aerial cars, mansions, and gatehouses.

6.55.65 Then the great-souled one, held between the arms of the stronger foe, with difficulty regaining his senses, and surveying the royal roads of the city, reflected again and again.

6.55.66 "Being seized in this way, what can I possibly do now? I shall act in such a way that what is desired and beneficial for the monkeys will be accomplished."

6.55.67 Then the king of the monkeys, suddenly striking with the tips of his fingers, bit with his nails into the ears and with his teeth into the nose of the enemy of Indra, and tore at his flanks with his claws.

6.55.68 Kumbhakarṇa, his ears and nose torn away, ripped and pounded by him, overwhelmed with rage, his body wet with blood, hurled Sugrīva down and crushed him to the ground.

6.55.69 Crushed on the ground by those enemies of the gods with their terrible strength, beaten by them, he swiftly took to the sky and returned to Rāma.

6.55.70 The mighty Kumbhakarṇa, deprived of his ears and nose, drenched in blood, shone forth like a mountain with its streams.

6.55.71 Then the great-souled Kumbhakarṇa suddenly sallied from the city and devoured that fierce monkey army in battle, blazing like the fire of universal destruction.

6.55.72 Hungry and greedy for blood and flesh, Kumbhakarṇa penetrated that fierce monkey army and in his frenzy devoured in battle rākṣasas, monkeys, piśācas, and bears alike.

6.55.73 Enraged, he seized one, two, three, many — monkeys along with rākṣasas in one hand — and swiftly flung them into his mouth.

6.55.74 Dripping with fat and blood, that mighty one, even while being struck by the tips of great mountains, devoured the monkeys; and those monkeys who were being devoured then fled to Rāma for refuge.

6.55.75 At that time the son of Sumitrā, Lakṣmaṇa, crusher of enemy forces, conqueror of enemy cities, waged battle in anger.

6.55.76 That valiant Lakṣmaṇa drove seven arrows deep into Kumbhakarṇa's body, took up other arrows, and released them.

6.55.77 Passing by Saumitri, the mighty Kumbhakarṇa charged straight at Rāma alone, as if splitting the earth.

6.55.78 Then Rāma, son of Daśaratha, employing the dread weapon, shot sharp arrows into Kumbhakarṇa's heart.

6.55.79 From the mouth of the one pierced by Rāma and rushing forward, flames mixed with embers streamed forth in his rage.

6.55.80 The peacock-plumed arrows sank into his chest, and the great mace fell from his hand to the earth.

6.55.81 When that mighty one realized he was weaponless, he wrought great havoc with his two fists and with his feet.

6.55.82 His body pierced all over with arrows, soaked with gore, he oozed blood like a mountain with its springs.

6.55.83 Maddened by intense rage and by blood, he ran about devouring monkeys, rākṣasas, and bears.

6.55.84 At that time the righteous Lakṣmaṇa, engaged in the slaying of Kumbhakarṇa and considering many strategies, spoke to Rāma.

6.55.85 "O king, he no longer distinguishes between monkeys and rākṣasas; maddened by the smell of blood he devours friend and foe alike.

6.55.86 "It is best that all the bull-monkeys climb upon him from every side, and let the herd-leaders, all the chiefs, stand around him.

6.55.87 "Perhaps this foolish rākṣasa, pressed down by the heavy burden in due time and falling to the earth, will not then slay any more monkeys."

6.55.88 Hearing that speech of the wise prince, those monkeys gladly climbed upon Kumbhakarṇa.

6.55.89 Kumbhakarṇa, exceedingly enraged, with the monkeys clambering all over him, shook them off with speed, as a rogue elephant shakes off its mahouts.

6.55.90 Seeing them shaken off, Rāma thought "this rākṣasa is enraged" and leapt up swiftly, taking up his finest bow.

6.55.91 Taking up that bow, resembling a great serpent, with a firm string, fierce, adorned with gold, and having reassured the monkeys, Rāma leapt up with his best quiver of arrows strapped on.

6.55.92 That mighty Rāma, supremely difficult to conquer, surrounded by those bands of monkeys and attended by Lakṣmaṇa, set forth.

6.55.93 He beheld the great-souled, diadem-wearing, enemy-subduing, mighty Kumbhakarṇa, his entire body drenched in blood.

6.55.94 He saw him charging all directions like a maddened elephant, stalking the monkeys in fury, surrounded by rākṣasas.

6.55.95 He resembled the Vindhya or Mandara mountain, adorned with golden armlets, blood streaming from his mouth like a rain-cloud risen up.

6.55.96 He licked the blood with his tongue, drenched in blood, crushing the monkey army, comparable to Yama at the end of an age.

6.55.97 Seeing that foremost of rākṣasas, blazing with the splendor of a lit fire, that bull among men then twanged his bow.

6.55.98 At the sound of his bow, that bull among rākṣasas became enraged, unable to endure that sound, and rushed at Rāghava.

6.55.99 Then Rāma spoke in battle to Kumbhakarṇa who charged like a cloud swept up by the wind, with arms like the coils of a great serpent king, and resembling a mountain.

6.55.100 "Come, lord of rākṣasas, do not despair — I stand here, bow in hand. Know me as Rāma, rival of Śakra; in a moment you will be senseless."

6.55.101 Recognizing this as Rāma, he laughed with a hideous sound, as if making the hearts of all the forest-dwellers sink.

6.55.102 Laughing hideously and fearfully with a sound like thunder, the mighty-splendored Kumbhakarṇa spoke to Rāghava.

6.55.103 "I am not to be thought of as Virādha, nor as Kabandha, nor as Khara, nor as Vālin, nor as Mārīca — I am Kumbhakarṇa who has come.

6.55.104 "Behold my terrible mace of solid iron — with this I formerly conquered the gods and dānavas.

6.55.105 "You should not despise me as one without ears and nose — even the loss of ears and nose gives me no pain worth mentioning.

6.55.106 "Show your valor upon my body freely, O tiger of the Ikṣvākus; then I shall devour you once your heroic prowess has been displayed."

6.55.107 Hearing Kumbhakarṇa's words, Rāma released well-feathered arrows; struck by them, equal in speed to the thunderbolt, the enemy of the gods neither wavered nor was pained.

6.55.108 Those arrows by which the finest śāla trees were severed, by which Vālin the bull among monkeys was slain — those thunderbolt-like arrows then could not distress Kumbhakarṇa's body.

6.55.109 The enemy of great Indra, drinking up those arrows with his body as if they were streams of water, countered Rāma's arrow-force by whirling and hurling that mace with terrible speed.

6.55.110 Then that rākṣasa, smeared with blood, terror of the great divine armies, whirling that mace of terrible velocity, put the monkey army to flight.

6.55.111 Then Rāma took up the excellent Vāyavya weapon and shot it at the night-ranger; with it he severed the arm together with the mace; with his arm cut off, he let out a tumultuous roar.

6.55.112 That arm of his, like a mountain peak, together with the mace, severed by Rāghava's arrow, fell upon the monkey-king's army and struck that monkey force.

6.55.113 Those monkeys, the remnant of the broken and slain, retreating to the flanks, downcast and trembling-limbed, beheld that most terrible clash of the king of men and the lord of rākṣasas.

6.55.114 Kumbhakarṇa, that great one with his arm cut off by the weapon, like a great mountain with its peak severed, uprooted a tree with his remaining hand and then charged at the king of men in battle.

6.55.115 Rāma severed that arm of his raised along with the śāla tree, resembling a serpent's coil, with an arrow charged with the Aindra weapon, decorated with gold.

6.55.116 That arm of Kumbhakarṇa, cut off, fell to the earth, resembling a mountain; writhing, it struck trees, hills, rocks, monkeys, and rākṣasas.

6.55.117 Seeing him with both arms severed, charging suddenly and roaring, Rāma seized two sharp crescent-shaped arrows and cut off the feet of the rākṣasa in battle.

6.55.118 His arms cut off and his feet severed, gaping open his mouth which resembled the mare's fire at ocean's end, he rushed at Rāma with a sudden roar, as Rāhu rushes at the moon in the sky.

6.55.119 Rāma filled his mouth with arrows of sharp points, with gold-bound shafts; with his mouth full he could not speak, he gurgled with difficulty and even fainted.

6.55.120 Then Rāma took up that arrow comparable to the rays of the sun, comparable to the rod of Brahmā and the end of time, unerring, charged with Aindra energy, sharp, well-feathered, equal in speed to the wind.

6.55.121 Rāma shot at the night-ranger that arrow with beautiful shaft of thunderbolt and gold, with the brilliance of the blazing sun, equal in speed to the bolt of great Indra.

6.55.122 That arrow, impelled by Rāghava's arm, illuminating the ten directions with its own light, appearing blazing like a smokeless fire, went forth equal in might to the thunderbolt of Śakra.

6.55.123 It severed the head of the lord of rākṣasas — that head resembling a great mountain peak, with bared tusks and swaying lovely earrings — even as Puraṃdara once severed the head of Vṛtra.

6.55.124 That rākṣasa's head, struck by Rāma's arrow, fell, mountain-like, smashing the promenades, mansions, and gatehouses, and toppling the high rampart.

6.55.125 That enormous rākṣasa body, resembling the Himālaya, fell into the ocean, crushed crocodiles, great masses of fish, and serpents, and submerged into the earth as well.

6.55.126 When the mighty Kumbhakarṇa, enemy of the Brāhmaṇas and gods, had been slain in battle, the earth and all its mountains shook, and the gods cried out in tumultuous joy.

6.55.127 Then the divine sages, great sages, serpents, gods, spirits, Suparṇas, Guhyakas, bands of Yakṣas and Gandharvas dwelling in the sky were filled with joy at Rāma's valor.

6.55.128 Many monkeys were filled with delight, their faces like blooming lotuses, and they praised Rāghava, the beloved, with the enemy of terrible strength and unapproachable prowess slain.

6.55.129 Having slain in battle Kumbhakarṇa, crusher of divine armies, unwearied and unconquered in great battles, Bharata's elder brother rejoiced, as the lord of the immortals rejoiced upon slaying the great asura Vṛtra.

6.56.1 Having seen Kumbhakarṇa slain by the great-souled Rāghava, the rākṣasas reported it to Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas.

6.56.2 Hearing that the mighty Kumbhakarṇa had been slain in battle, Rāvaṇa, consumed by grief, fainted and fell.

6.56.3 Hearing that their paternal uncle had been slain, Devāntaka, Narāntaka, Triśiras, and Atikāya wept, afflicted with grief.

6.56.4 Hearing that their brother had been slain by the tireless Rāma, Mahodara and Mahāpārśva were overcome by grief.

6.56.5 Then that foremost of rākṣasas, with great difficulty regaining his senses, Rāvaṇa, broken by the death of Kumbhakarṇa, lamented.

6.56.6 "Ah, hero, crusher of enemy pride, mighty Kumbhakarṇa — having alone scorched the enemy army, where do you go, abandoning me?

6.56.7 "Now indeed I am as nothing, for my right arm has fallen — that arm on which I relied and feared not gods nor asuras.

6.56.8 "How could such a hero, crusher of the pride of gods and dānavas, like the fire of time, be slain today by Rāghava in battle?

6.56.9 "You for whom the crushing blow of the thunderbolt never caused suffering — how are you now laid low by Rāma's arrows, sleeping on the earth?

6.56.10 "These hosts of gods standing in the sky together with seers, seeing you slain in battle, cry out overjoyed.

6.56.11 "Surely today the monkeys, their goal achieved and overjoyed, will climb the fortifications and scale all the gates of Laṅkā.

6.56.12 "I have no need of the kingdom, what shall I do with Sītā — without Kumbhakarṇa I find no pleasure in life.

6.56.13 "If I do not slay Rāghava, the slayer of my brother, in battle, then surely death is better for me; otherwise this life is meaningless.

6.56.14 "Today I shall go to that place where my younger brother is; for I cannot bear to live even a moment having abandoned my brothers.

6.56.15 "The gods will mock me, seeing one who has previously offended them. How shall I conquer Indra, with you, Kumbhakarṇa, slain?

6.56.16 "That good counsel of Vibhīṣaṇa has now come back to me — which I, out of ignorance, did not accept from that great-souled one.

6.56.17 "This destruction that has arisen for both Kumbhakarṇa and Prahasta, because of my not heeding Vibhīṣaṇa's counsel, fills me with bitter shame.

6.56.18 "This is the fruit, come to me in due course and causing grief, of that deed — when I expelled the righteous and glorious Vibhīṣaṇa."

6.56.19 Having thus lamented most pitifully in many ways, his inner soul in turmoil, knowing his younger brother the enemy of Indra to be slain, the ten-faced Rāvaṇa fell down, sorely afflicted.

6.57.1 As the evil-souled Rāvaṇa lamented thus, scorched by grief, Triśiras heard him and spoke.

6.57.2 "Our middle uncle of great valor has indeed been slain, father; but righteous men, O king, do not lament as you do.

6.57.3 "Surely you, O lord, are sufficient even for the three worlds; why then do you subject yourself to grief like an ordinary man?

6.57.4 "You have the lance granted by Brahmā, a coat of armor, arrows, a bow, a chariot yoked to a thousand asses and roaring like thunder.

6.57.5 "By you the gods and dānavas have been repeatedly slaughtered even without weapons; so fully equipped with every weapon, you are fit to chastise Rāghava.

6.57.6 "Please remain, O great king; I shall go forth to battle and shall pull out your enemies here like Garuḍa pulling out serpents.

6.57.7 "As Śambara was laid low by the king of gods and Naraka by Viṣṇu, so today shall Rāma be laid low and slain by me in battle."

6.57.8 Hearing Triśiras's words, Rāvaṇa, lord of rākṣasas, impelled by fate, felt as if he had been born again.

6.57.9 Hearing Triśiras's words, Devāntaka, Narāntaka, and the mighty Atikāya became filled with battle-joy.

6.57.10 Then, each roaring "I, I" — the sons of Rāvaṇa, heroes among rākṣasas, equal in valor to Śakra,

6.57.11 All of them moving through the sky, all skilled in illusion, all crushers of divine pride, all maddened by battle,

6.57.12 All endowed with the power of weapons, all of wide-spread fame, all having engaged in battle — never had they been heard of as defeated,

6.57.13 All heroes versed in arms, all skilled in warfare, all eager to excel, all having obtained boons —

6.57.14 Surrounded thus by those sons of solar radiance, crushers of enemy forces, the king shone forth as Maghavan shines surrounded by the immortals, destroyers of the pride of great dānavas.

6.57.15 He embraced his sons, adorned them with ornaments, and sent them forth to battle with auspicious blessings.

6.57.16 Rāvaṇa also sent his brothers Mahodara and Mahāpārśva to battle for the protection of the princes.

6.57.17 They saluted the great-souled Rāvaṇa, terror of enemies, performed circumambulation, and those great-bodied ones set forth.

6.57.18 Anointed with all medicinal herbs and perfumes, these six foremost rākṣasas of great strength set out, eager for battle.

6.57.19 Then Mahodara mounted an elephant named Sudarśana, blue-cloud-like, born of the lineage of Airāvata.

6.57.20 Equipped with all weapons and well adorned with quivers, he shone mounted on the elephant like the sun on the mountaintop at setting.

6.57.21 Triśiras, son of Rāvaṇa, mounted the finest chariot, yoked with best horses and full of all weapons.

6.57.22 Triśiras, bow in hand, mounted on his chariot, shone forth like a storm cloud with lightning, meteor, flames, and the rainbow of Indra.

6.57.23 Triśiras with his three diadems gleamed on that finest chariot like the Himālaya, king of mountains, with three golden peaks.

6.57.24 The mighty Atikāya, son of the lord of rākṣasas, best of all archers, also mounted the finest chariot.

6.57.25 That chariot was perfectly wheeled and well-equipped, with a strong axle and yoke, blazing with quivers, bows, and arrows, crowded with spears, swords, and clubs.

6.57.26 With his shining golden diadem and ornaments, he blazed forth like Mount Meru luminous with its own light.

6.57.27 That mighty son of the king shone on that chariot, surrounded by tiger-like rākṣasas, like Vajrapāṇi surrounded by the immortals.

6.57.28 Narāntaka mounted a white horse resembling Uccaiḥśravas, adorned with gold, swift as thought, of great frame.

6.57.29 Grasping a gleaming lance, Narāntaka shone forth, that mighty one taking his śakti, like Guha among enemies in battle.

6.57.30 Devāntaka took up his iron club adorned with thunderbolt-marks, grasped a mountain in his arms, mimicking the form of Viṣṇu.

6.57.31 The greatly splendid and valiant Mahāpārśva, mace in hand, shone forth in battle like Kubera with his mace.

6.57.32 Those great-souled ones set forth, surrounded by matchless forces, like gods in Amarāvatī surrounded by matchless forces.

6.57.33 Those great-souled rākṣasas bearing the finest weapons followed them with elephants, horses, and chariots thundering like rain-clouds.

6.57.34 Those great-souled princes, of solar radiance, diademed, endowed with glory, blazed like brilliant planets in the sky.

6.57.35 The white row of parasols held aloft over them shone like a row of autumn clouds, like a line of swans in the sky.

6.57.36 Having resolved on death or on the defeat of enemies, those heroes set forth with their minds made up, eager for battle.

6.57.37 They roared, they shouted, they shot arrows, and those great-souled ones maddened by battle rejoiced as they marched out.

6.57.38 With the hissing, snapping, and thunderous sounds the earth seemed to quake; with the lion-roars of the rākṣasas the sky seemed to burst.

6.57.39 Those mighty lords of rākṣasas, joyful, sallying forth, beheld the monkey army with its rocks and trees raised aloft.

6.57.40 The great-souled monkeys too beheld the rākṣasa army — dense with elephants, horses, and chariots, resounding with hundreds of bells.

6.57.41 Resembling blue storm-clouds, with great weapons raised, surrounded on all sides by rākṣasas blazing like fire and sun.

6.57.42 Seeing that army coming, the monkeys, their goal attained, with great boulders raised aloft, shouted again and again.

6.57.43 Then hearing the loud clamor of the monkey herd-leaders, the hosts of rākṣasas, unable to endure the others' joy, those mighty ones cried out yet more fiercely.

6.57.44 The monkey herd-leaders penetrated that dreadful rākṣasa force and ranged about with boulders raised, like peaked mountains moving.

6.57.45 Some of the monkeys entered the sky, some ranged on the earth, moving furiously through the rākṣasa armies with trees and stones as weapons.

6.57.46 With trees, stones, and boulders they made an unsurpassed rain of missiles; and the monkeys of terrible valor, even as they were restrained by showers of arrows,

6.57.47 Both rākṣasas and monkeys uttered lion-roars in battle; the monkeys pulverized the rākṣasas with rocks.

6.57.48 Enraged in battle, they struck those clothed in armor and ornaments — some heroes in chariots, some riding elephants and horses as well.

6.57.49 The monkeys leapt up and swiftly smote the rākṣasas with drops of mountain peaks and with fists; their eyes rolling, the foremost rākṣasas staggered, fell, and roared there.

6.57.50 Then in a moment the ground was covered and flooded with blood by the rocks and swords hurled by monkeys and rākṣasas.

6.57.51 Hurled and being hurled by the enemy-crushing rākṣasas of mountain-like scattered bodies, and with their spears broken by the monkeys,

6.57.52 Those night-rovers slew monkeys thinking they were monkeys; those monkeys too slew rākṣasas thinking they were rākṣasas.

6.57.53 Hurling rocks at them, the rākṣasas slew the monkeys; and seizing the weapons from them, the monkeys slew the rākṣasas.

6.57.54 They slew one another with boulders, spears, and weapons, piercing each other mutually; the monkeys and rākṣasas uttered lion-roars in battle.

6.57.55 Rākṣasas slain by monkeys, their armor and body-guards cut away, oozed blood there like trees their finest sap.

6.57.56 Some monkeys in battle struck chariot against chariot, elephant against elephant, horse against horse.

6.57.57 The rākṣasas with razor-edged, crescent-shaped, and broad-headed sharp arrows cut down the trees and rocks of the monkey lords.

6.57.58 With scattered mountain peaks, trees severed in battle, and slain monkeys and rākṣasas, the earth became impassable.

6.57.59 As that tumultuous slaughter raged, with the monkey-faced ones rejoicing and the rākṣasas being laid low, the great sages and hosts of gods cried out.

6.57.60 Then Narāntaka, mounting a horse of wind-like speed and grasping a sharp lance, plunged into the army of the monkey king like a fish into a great ocean.

6.57.61 That hero, the great-souled enemy of Indra, alone with his blazing lance in a single moment pierced seven hundred monkeys and slaughtered the army of the bull-monkeys.

6.57.62 The Vidyādharas and great sages beheld that great-souled one mounted on his horse, ranging through the monkey army.

6.57.63 His path was seen as a mire of flesh and blood, covered with fallen monkeys of mountain-like size.

6.57.64 Whenever the bull-monkeys set their minds to counter-attack, Narāntaka, surpassing them, would pierce them before they could act.

6.57.65 Narāntaka, at the edge of the battle raising his flaming lance, scorched the monkey armies like fire scorching forests.

6.57.66 Whenever the forest-dwellers began to uproot trees and boulders, that soon they fell, struck by his lance, like mountains cleft by a thunderbolt.

6.57.67 The powerful Narāntaka ranged in all directions, crushing on every side in battle like the wind in the monsoon season.

6.57.68 The heroes could not flee, could not stand, much less stir; the valiant one pierced all — leaping, standing, and moving.

6.57.69 With a single lance like Death, of solar radiance, the monkey armies were cleft and fell to the earth.

6.57.70 The monkeys could not bear the descent of his lance, which resembled the crushing blow of the thunderbolt; they cried out with great sound.

6.57.71 The forms of the falling monkey heroes blazed forth like mountains with peaks split by the thunderbolt falling.

6.57.72 Those great-souled foremost monkeys who had previously been felled by Kumbhakarṇa, still unwell, attended upon Sugrīva.

6.57.73 Sugrīva, surveying all around, saw the monkey army terrified by Narāntaka and fleeing this way and that.

6.57.74 Seeing the army in flight, he beheld Narāntaka, lance in hand, coming mounted on his horse.

6.57.75 Then the greatly splendid Sugrīva, lord of the monkeys, spoke to the heroic prince Aṅgada, equal in valor to Śakra.

6.57.76 "Go, hero, to that rākṣasa there who is mounted on a horse, disturbing the monkey force — quickly deprive him of his life."

6.57.77 Hearing his master's words, Aṅgada leapt out then from among the cloud-like armies like the sun from behind a bank of clouds.

6.57.78 Aṅgada, foremost of the monkeys, resembling a mass of mountains, wearing his armlets, shone like a mountain with its minerals.

6.57.79 Weaponless, greatly splendid, armed only with his nails and teeth, the son of Vālin approached Narāntaka and spoke.

6.57.80 "Stand! What will you do with these ordinary monkeys? Hurl your lance on my chest — its touch is like the thunderbolt."

6.57.81 Hearing Aṅgada's words, Narāntaka became exceedingly enraged; he bit his lip with his teeth and hissed like a serpent.

6.57.82 He whirled his blazing lance and suddenly hurled it at Aṅgada; it struck the chest of the son of Vālin, became like a thunderbolt, shattered, and fell to the ground.

6.57.83 Seeing that lance shattered, resembling a serpent's coil cut by Suparṇa, the son of Vālin raised his palm and struck the crown of Narāntaka's horse.

6.57.84 His hooves buried in the ground, his eyeballs burst, his tongue hanging out, that horse, mountain-like, fell to the earth at the palm-blow, its skull scattered.

6.57.85 Narāntaka, overcome by rage, seeing his horse slain and fallen, raised his fist and the mighty one struck the son of Vālin on the head in battle.

6.57.86 Then Aṅgada, his head cleft by the fist, streamed intensely hot blood; he blazed repeatedly, fainted, and then regaining consciousness was astonished.

6.57.87 Then Aṅgada, the great-souled son of Vālin, clenching his fist equal in speed to the thunderbolt and like a mountain peak, drove it down upon the chest of Narāntaka.

6.57.88 His chest crushed and split by the fist, vomiting flame, his body smeared with blood, Narāntaka fell to the surface of the earth like a mountain broken by the descent of the thunderbolt.

6.57.89 Then in the sky there arose a great roar from the foremost of gods and from the forest-dwellers, as the foremost hero Narāntaka was slain in battle by the son of Vālin.

6.57.90 Then Aṅgada had accomplished that most difficult feat which was a delight to Rāma's heart; and he of surpassing valor was himself amazed at that act of valor, and once again became joyful in battle.

6.58.1 Seeing Narāntaka slain, the bull-chiefs among the Rākṣasas cried out — Devāntaka, Triśiras, and Mahodara, descendant of Pulastya.

6.58.2 Mahodara, mighty in valour, mounted upon an elephant lord resembling a thundercloud and charged at Aṅgada, son of Vālin, of great heroic power.

6.58.3 Devāntaka, the powerful one, scorched by grief at his kinsman's misfortune, took up a blazing iron club and rushed at Aṅgada.

6.58.4 Triśiras the hero, mounting a chariot bright as the sun and yoked with the finest horses, then advanced against the son of Vālin.

6.58.5 Assailed simultaneously by those three lord-Rākṣasas who crush the pride of the gods, Aṅgada uprooted a great tree with massive branches.

6.58.6 That hero Aṅgada hurled that enormous tree with its great boughs at Devāntaka swiftly, like Indra hurling a blazing thunderbolt.

6.58.7 Triśiras cut that tree to pieces with arrows like venomous serpents. Seeing the tree severed, Aṅgada then leapt up.

6.58.8 Then that bull among monkeys showered trees and rocks upon them; Triśiras, filled with rage, cut them all down with sharp arrows.

6.58.9 Devāntaka also shattered those trees with the tip of his club, and Triśiras charged at the hero Aṅgada with arrows.

6.58.10 Mahodara, mounted on his elephant, charged at the son of Vālin in rage and struck him on the chest with javelins like thunderbolts.

6.58.11 Devāntaka too, filled with fury, swiftly approached Aṅgada, struck him hard with his club, and then withdrew with speed.

6.58.12 Assailed simultaneously by those three foremost Rākṣasas, the great-spirited, illustrious son of Vālin did not waver.

6.58.13 Leaping up forcefully, he struck the great elephant with his palm; the beast's eyes fell out and it trumpeted in agony.

6.58.14 The mighty son of Vālin then wrenched out its tusk and, charging at Devāntaka, struck him in battle.

6.58.15 He, his entire body staggered like a tree shaken by the wind, poured blood from his mouth the colour of lac-juice.

6.58.16 Then the mighty Devāntaka, recovering with great difficulty from that blow, whirled his terrible club and struck Aṅgada.

6.58.17 Struck by the club, the son of the lord of monkeys fell to the ground on his knees, but sprang up again at once.

6.58.18 As he leapt up, Triśiras struck the son of the lord of monkeys on the forehead with three terrible arrows like venomous serpents.

6.58.19 Then Hanūmān and Nīla, perceiving that Aṅgada was being overwhelmed by those three bull-Rākṣasas, advanced to help.

6.58.20 Then Nīla hurled a mountain peak at Triśiras; but that wise son of Rāvaṇa shattered it with sharp arrows.

6.58.21 The peak of the mountain, pierced by hundreds of arrows, its stony surface split asunder, with sparks and flames, fell to the ground.

6.58.22 Then Devāntaka, seeing that gap in the attack, charged joyfully with his iron club at the son of the Wind in battle.

6.58.23 Leaping to meet his charge, Hanūmān son of the Wind struck him then on the crown of his head with a fist of thunderbolt force.

6.58.24 His skull crushed and shattered by that fist, his teeth, eyes, and tongue dangling out, Devāntaka, son of the king of Rākṣasas, fell to the earth lifeless at once.

6.58.25 When that foremost Rākṣasa warrior, mighty and a foe of the gods, was slain in battle, Triśiras in rage showered a fierce torrent of sharp-tipped arrows upon Nīla's chest.

6.58.26 Nīla, guardian of the monkey army, his body pierced and his limbs gone limp from those showers of arrows, was thus rendered inert by the might of that powerful one.

6.58.27 But then Nīla, regaining his senses, uprooted a mountain with its cluster of trees, and leaping up with fierce tremendous speed, struck Mahodara on the head with it.

6.58.28 Then Mahodara, shattered by the mountain's impact and pulverised together with his elephant, fell to the ground bereft of life, like a mountain struck by a thunderbolt.

6.58.29 Seeing his uncle slain, Triśiras took up his bow and, filled with fury, pierced Hanūmān with sharp arrows.

6.58.30 But Hanūmān, springing forward in wrath, tore apart Triśiras's horses with his claws, as a lion king tears an elephant lord.

6.58.31 Then Triśiras, son of Rāvaṇa, took up a śakti-spear like the Night of Cosmic Dissolution wielded by Death itself, and hurled it at the son of the Wind.

6.58.32 That śakti, hurled and still hurtling through the air like a meteor launched into the sky, was caught by that tiger among monkeys; he broke it and roared.

6.58.33 Seeing that fearsome śakti broken by Hanūmān, the monkey host exulted and shouted like thunderclouds.

6.58.34 Then Triśiras, foremost among Rākṣasas, raised his sword and in fury drove it into the chest of the lord of monkeys.

6.58.35 Struck by the sword blow, Hanūmān son of the Wind, still mighty, struck Triśiras on the chest with his open palm.

6.58.36 Struck by that palm blow, the great-spirited Triśiras fell to the ground, his arms hanging limp, his clothing dishevelled, his senses departed.

6.58.37 That great monkey, mountain-like, snatched the sword from the fallen one and roared, terrifying all the Rākṣasas.

6.58.38 Unable to endure that roar, the night-ranger leapt up and, springing at Hanūmān, struck him with his fist.

6.58.39 At that fist-blow the great monkey blazed with rage, and in his fury seized that bull among Rākṣasas by his crown.

6.58.40 With a sharp sword the son of Anila, enraged, cut off those heads adorned with crowns and earrings, just as Indra once cut off the heads of the son of Tvaṣṭṛ.

6.58.41 Those heads of Indra's foe fell to the earth — their elongated eyes like mountains, their pupils blazing like Vaiśvānara — like celestial lights released from the sun's path.

6.58.42 When that three-headed foe of the gods was slain by Hanūmān with the might of Indra, the monkeys shouted, the earth trembled, and the Rākṣasas fled on all sides.

6.58.43 Seeing Triśiras slain, and likewise Mahodara, and beholding the slaughter of Devāntaka and Narāntaka — those two who were hard to assail —

6.58.44 the supremely wrathful Mahāpārśva, mighty in strength, blazed with anger and seized an all-iron mace, gleaming with flame.

6.58.45 It was encased in bands of gold, smeared with flesh and blood, resplendent in its form, dyed with the blood of enemies.

6.58.46 Its tip ablaze with energy, adorned with garlands of red flowers, inspiring terror in Airāvata, Mahāpadma, and Sārvabhauma alike.

6.58.47 Seizing that mace and blazing with fury, the mighty Mahāpārśva rushed at the monkeys, blazing like the fire at the end of an age.

6.58.48 Then that monkey Ṛṣabha, son of Varuṇa, leapt up and, approaching Rāvaṇa's brother Mahāpārśva, stood before him powerfully.

6.58.49 Seeing that mountain-like monkey standing before him, Mahāpārśva, enraged, struck him on the chest with his mace equal to a thunderbolt.

6.58.50 Struck by that mace, the bull among monkeys, his chest cloven and his body shaken, poured forth a great flow of blood.

6.58.51 Ṛṣabha, that bull among monkeys, regaining his senses after some time, gazed at Mahāpārśva in fury with quivering lips.

6.58.52 Seizing that terrible mace and whirling it again and again, he struck the arrogantly arrayed Mahāpārśva at the front of the battle.

6.58.53 Mahāpārśva, cleaved by his own mace, his teeth and eyes scattered, fell like a mountain struck by a thunderbolt.

6.58.54 When that brother of Rāvaṇa was slain, that ocean-like Rākṣasa host, casting aside its weapons, fleeing with life as its only goal, scattered like a sea whose shores had been broken.

6.59.1 Seeing his own army in chaos and torment, hair-raising to behold, and seeing his brothers slain — those whose valour matched Indra's —

6.59.2 and beholding both his uncles cut down in battle — Mahodara and Mahāpārśva, those two bull-Rākṣasa brothers —

6.59.3 the great-spirited Atikāya, who had received boons from Brahmā, mountain-like in form, crusher of the pride of gods and demons, blazed with fury in battle.

6.59.4 Mounting his chariot blazing like a thousand suns together, Indra's foe rushed at the monkeys.

6.59.5 Wearing his crown and gleaming earrings, he drew his great bow to its full span, proclaimed his name aloud, and roared with a mighty sound.

6.59.6 With that lion's roar, with the proclamation of his name, and with the fearsome twang of his bowstring, he struck terror into the monkeys.

6.59.7 Seeing his form, just as they might Viṣṇu in his three-stride stride, all the monkeys, seized by fear, scattered in the ten directions.

6.59.8 Those monkeys, their minds bewildered at the sight of Atikāya in battle, fled for refuge to the one worthy of refuge — the elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa.

6.59.9 Then Kākutstha (Rāma) beheld from afar Atikāya mounted in his chariot, mountain-like, bearing his bow, roaring like a storm cloud of Doomsday.

6.59.10 Seeing that great being, Rāghava was filled with wonder. Having calmed the monkeys, he addressed Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.59.11 "Who is that one, mountain-like, bearing a bow, with tawny eyes, standing in a vast chariot yoked with a thousand horses?

6.59.12 He who, surrounded by sharp spears, keen lances, and flaming javelins, shines like Maheśvara surrounded by supernatural beings —

6.59.13 who blazes forth, enveloped by chariot-spears gleaming like the tongues of Kāla, like a thundercloud enveloped by lightning?

6.59.14 His strung bows with golden backs adorn his excellent chariot on all sides, like Indra's bow adorns the sky.

6.59.15 Who is this tiger among Rākṣasas who blazes upon the field of battle, advancing as the foremost of chariot warriors, with a chariot of solar splendour?

6.59.16 Rāhu set upon the peak of his standard blazes forth; with arrows bright as the rays of the sun he illumines the ten directions.

6.59.17 His bow, triply curved, its sound like the rumble of a thundercloud, its back adorned with gold, resplendent like the bow of Śatakratu (Indra), shines forth.

6.59.18 His great chariot bears a standard and pennant, has a dragging-pole, is yoked with four horses, and gives forth a sound like the roar of a thundercloud.

6.59.19 Thirty-eight quivers are ranged in the chariot; terrible bows and bowstrings tawny-gold are mounted there.

6.59.20 Two swords in the chariot, placed at his flanks, adorning each side, fitted with hilts of four handbreadths, clearly ten handbreadths long.

6.59.21 Composed and resolute, wearing a crimson neck-cord, resembling a great mountain, like Kāla of mighty jaws — like the sun dwelling within a thundercloud.

6.59.22 He is resplendent with his arms bound with golden armlets, like the great mountain Himavān with its two towering peaks.

6.59.23 His face, with auspicious eyes and earrings, shines like the full disc of the moon stationed between the twin stars Punarvasu.

6.59.24 O mighty-armed one, tell me who is this foremost of Rākṣasas — at whose sight all the monkeys, seized by fear, have fled in all directions?"

6.59.25 Thus questioned by the royal prince Rāma of boundless splendour, the great-spirited Vibhīṣaṇa described him to Rāghava.

6.59.26 "The ten-necked one, great in splendour, king, younger brother of Vaiśravaṇa, terrible in his deeds, of enormous enterprise — Rāvaṇa, lord of Rākṣasas —

6.59.27 had a mighty son, equal to Rāvaṇa in battle, respectful of elders, a retainer of sacred learning, foremost among all who know the science of weapons —

6.59.28 honoured in the arts of horsemanship, chariot, elephant, sword, archery, in dissension, conciliation, giving, statecraft, and counsel —

6.59.29 relying on whose arm Laṅkā becomes fearless. This is Atikāya, known as the son of Dhānyamālinī.

6.59.30 By him Brahmā was propitiated through austerity and a disciplined self; weapons too were obtained and enemies were vanquished.

6.59.31 The Self-born (Brahmā) granted him invulnerability before gods and demons; this divine armour and this chariot blazing like the sun were also given by him.

6.59.32 By him hundreds of gods and demons have been defeated; Rākṣasas have been protected, Yakṣas have been slaughtered.

6.59.33 By him the thunderbolt of the wise Indra was checked with arrows, and the noose of the lord of waters was repelled in battle.

6.59.34 This is that powerful Atikāya, foremost bull among Rākṣasas, the wise son of Rāvaṇa, crusher of the pride of gods and demons.

6.59.35 Therefore, O bull among men, let effort be made against him quickly, before he brings the monkey armies to destruction with his arrows."

6.59.36 Then powerful Atikāya, entering the monkey army, drew his bow taut and roared again and again.

6.59.37 Seeing him of fearsome form standing in his chariot, the foremost of charioteers, those great-spirited monkeys who were the foremost leaders rushed against him.

6.59.38 Kumuda, Dvivida, Mainda, Nīla, and Śarabha charged together simultaneously with trees and mountain peaks.

6.59.39 Those trees and mountains of theirs Atikāya, the great-spirited, foremost among those versed in weapons, cut to pieces with gold-ornamented arrows.

6.59.40 And those monkeys themselves, the mighty night-ranger of fearsome form, pierced with all-iron arrows as they advanced before him in battle.

6.59.41 Those monkeys, tormented by the shower of arrows, their bodies pierced, could not oppose Atikāya in the great battle.

6.59.42 That Rākṣasa struck terror into the army of monkey heroes, as a lion in the prime of youth strikes terror into a herd of deer.

6.59.43 That lord of Rākṣasas, having not struck down anyone who stood unarmed in the monkey host, approached Rāma with bow and quiver and spoke this proud challenge.

6.59.44 "I stand in my chariot, arrows and bow in hand — I do not fight with ordinary men. Let him who has the strength and determination to give me swift battle today step forward now."

6.59.45 Hearing those words as he spoke them, Saumitri, slayer of foes, blazed with anger; refusing to endure it, he sprang forward, and then smiling, took up his bow.

6.59.46 Enraged, Saumitri leapt forward, drew an arrow from his quiver, and drew his great bow in front of Atikāya.

6.59.47 The fierce twang of Lakṣmaṇa's bowstring filled the earth, the mountains, the sky, the ocean, and all the directions, striking terror into the night-rangers.

6.59.48 Hearing the fearsome crack of Saumitri's bow then, the mighty and powerful son of the lord of Rākṣasas was struck with wonder.

6.59.49 Then Atikāya, angered at seeing Lakṣmaṇa step forward, took up a sharp arrow and spoke these words.

6.59.50 "You are a boy, O Saumitri, unskilled in feats of valour — go away. Why do you wish to fight me, who am like Death itself?

6.59.51 Even Himavān cannot bear the speed of the weapons discharged from my arms, nor the sky, nor the earth.

6.59.52 You wish to rouse the fire of Doomsday from its easy sleep. Lay down your bow and turn back — do not lose your life by coming against me.

6.59.53 Or if you are so resolute you refuse to turn back — then stand, and abandoning your life, you shall go to the realm of Yama.

6.59.54 Behold my sharp arrows, crushers of the enemy's pride, resembling the weapons of the Lord, adorned with heated gold.

6.59.55 This arrow of mine, like a serpent, shall drink your blood, as an enraged lion-king drinks the blood of the lord of elephants."

6.59.56 Hearing Atikāya's words, spoken in anger and pride in battle, that royal prince, the supremely powerful and greatly glorious one, blazed with fury and then spoke words of great import.

6.59.57 "One does not become eminent by words alone — good men are not made by boasting. With me standing here, bow in hand with arrow ready, show your own strength, O evil one!

6.59.58 Demonstrate yourself through deeds — you should not merely brag. He who is endowed with manliness is remembered as a hero.

6.59.59 Fully armed, a bowman, mounted in your chariot — show your prowess, whether with arrows or with supernatural weapons.

6.59.60 Then I shall cut off your head with sharp arrows, as the wind fells a ripe palm-fruit from its stalk.

6.59.61 Today my arrows, adorned with heated gold, shall drink blood gushing from your body among the arrow-tips.

6.59.62 Knowing me to be a boy, you should not despise me. Whether boy or elder, know death in this battle."

6.59.63 Hearing Lakṣmaṇa's words, reasoned and of supreme import, Atikāya blazed with fury and took up a supreme arrow.

6.59.64 Then Vidyādharas, Bhūtas, gods, Daityas, great seers, and great-spirited Guhyakas all watched that battle.

6.59.65 Then Atikāya, enraged, strung an arrow to his bow and shot it at Lakṣmaṇa, seeming to compress the very sky.

6.59.66 That sharp arrow like a venomous serpent as it came flying — Lakṣmaṇa, slayer of enemy heroes, cut it with a crescent-headed arrow.

6.59.67 Seeing that arrow cut down like a serpent whose hood had been severed, Atikāya, greatly enraged, took up five arrows.

6.59.68 Those arrows the night-ranger shot at Lakṣmaṇa; before they could arrive, the younger brother of Bharata cut them down with sharp arrows.

6.59.69 Having cut those down with sharp arrows, Lakṣmaṇa, slayer of enemy heroes, took up a sharp arrow blazing as if with energy.

6.59.70 Taking it and fitting it to his excellent bow, Lakṣmaṇa drew it swiftly and released the arrow.

6.59.71 With that arrow released at full draw, its joints smooth, that valorous one struck the foremost of Rākṣasas on the forehead.

6.59.72 The arrow, sunk into the forehead of that fearsome Rākṣasa, was seen red with blood in battle, like the lord of serpents.

6.59.73 The Rākṣasa shook, struck by Lakṣmaṇa's arrows, as the terrible gate-tower of Tripura shook when struck by Rudra's arrow.

6.59.74 Recovering himself, the mighty one reflected and thought: "By this fall of arrows you are truly a foe worthy of being slain tomorrow."

6.59.75 Having considered thus, he bent his head, bowed both his arms, and taking his stance on the chariot-platform, maneuvered with his chariot.

6.59.76 One, three, five, seven — arrows the bull among Rākṣasas took up, fitted, drew to the full, and discharged.

6.59.77 Those arrows, like Death himself, discharged from the bow of the lord of Rākṣasas, with golden fletching, bright as the sun, made the sky blaze as if on fire.

6.59.78 Then Rāvaṇa's younger brother (Lakṣmaṇa), unperturbed, cut down those streams of arrows released by the Rākṣasa with many sharp arrows of his own.

6.59.79 Seeing those arrows cut down in battle, the son of Rāvaṇa, foe of the lord of the thirty gods, blazed with fury and seized a sharp arrow.

6.59.80 The great-spirited one, fitting that arrow, suddenly released it; he struck Saumitri then in the chest as he came forward.

6.59.81 Struck by Atikāya in battle on the chest, Saumitri poured forth copious blood, like a rutting elephant in rut.

6.59.82 That mighty one instantly extracted the arrow from himself, took up a keen arrow, and charged it with a supernatural weapon.

6.59.83 He charged that arrow with the Āgneya weapon of fire; the arrow then blazed, and so did the bow of that great-spirited one.

6.59.84 The supremely brilliant Atikāya charged the Saura weapon of the sun, and with it fitted an arrow like a serpent with golden fletching.

6.59.85 Then Lakṣmaṇa hurled that blazing, terrible charged arrow at Atikāya, like Death hurling his rod of Kāla.

6.59.86 Seeing the arrow charged with the Āgneya weapon coming at him, the night-ranger discharged his own blazing arrow charged with the Saura solar weapon.

6.59.87 Those two arrows in the sky struck each other, their tips blazing with energy, like two enraged serpents.

6.59.88 Having consumed each other mutually, those two supreme arrows fell to the surface of the earth, reduced to ash, without flame, their glory extinguished.

6.59.89 Then Atikāya, greatly enraged, discharged the Aiṣīka reed-weapon; the valorous Saumitri cut it down with the Aindra weapon of Indra.

6.59.90 Seeing the Aiṣīka weapon destroyed, that young son of Rāvaṇa, greatly enraged, charged an arrow with the Yāmya weapon of Yama.

6.59.91 The night-ranger then hurled that weapon at Lakṣmaṇa; but Lakṣmaṇa destroyed that weapon with the Vāyavya weapon of Vāyu.

6.59.92 Then enraged Lakṣmaṇa showered the son of Rāvaṇa with streams of arrows like a thundercloud showering streams of rain.

6.59.93 Those arrows, reaching Atikāya's armour adorned with diamond-hard metal, instantly fell to the ground with their tips and shafts broken.

6.59.94 Seeing those arrows made fruitless, Lakṣmaṇa the slayer of enemy heroes, of great fame, showered him with thousands of arrows.

6.59.95 Even drenched with streams of arrows, Atikāya the mighty Rākṣasa, shielded by his impenetrable armour, did not even flinch in battle.

6.59.96 That foremost of men could not inflict a wound upon him in battle. Then the Wind-god himself approached and spoke to him.

6.59.97 "He has received a boon from Brahmā and is protected by impenetrable armour. Pierce him with the Brahmā weapon — he can be slain by no other means."

6.59.98 Then Saumitri, whose valour matches Indra's, hearing the words of Vāyu, instantly took up an arrow of unfailing speed and charged it at once with that Brāhma weapon.

6.59.99 As that supreme weapon was being charged by Saumitri onto his best arrow with sharp tip, the directions with moon, sun, and great planets, the sky itself, trembled and roared, and the earth shook.

6.59.100 Lakṣmaṇa charged that well-fletched arrow, the equal of Yama's messenger, with Brahmā's weapon on his bow and discharged it in battle at the son of Indra's foe — an arrow like a thunderbolt.

6.59.101 That arrow discharged by Lakṣmaṇa, of unfailing speed, as it came flying, bright as fire, with fine golden and diamond-decorated fletching — Atikāya then beheld it in battle.

6.59.102 Even as Atikāya was watching it, he instantly struck it with many sharp arrows; yet that arrow, swift as Garuḍa, came to his side with yet greater speed.

6.59.103 Seeing that arrow come — like blazing Death and Kāla combined — Atikāya struck at it with spears, iron darts, maces, axes, pikes, and ploughs, his efforts unimpeded.

6.59.104 Making all those weapons of wondrous form futile, that arrow blazing with fire forcefully took off Atikāya's head adorned with its crown then and there.

6.59.105 That head together with its helmet-armour, driven by Lakṣmaṇa's arrow, fell suddenly to the earth like a peak of Himavān.

6.59.106 Then many monkeys, filled with great joy, their faces like blossomed lotuses, honoured Lakṣmaṇa, the fortunate one, upon the slaying of that fearsome, formidable foe.

6.60.1 Then the surviving Rākṣasa bands there, those who remained after the slaughter, swiftly reported to Rāvaṇa the killing of those bull-Rākṣasas — Devāntaka, Triśiras, Atikāya, and the rest.

6.60.2 Then the king, hearing at once of those who were slain, fell into a swoon, his eyes flooded with tears; pondering the destruction of his sons and the terrible killing of his brothers, the king brooded deeply.

6.60.3 Then seeing the king so wretched, tossed in the ocean of grief, that bull among the sons of the king of Rākṣasas — Indrajit — spoke these words.

6.60.4 "O father, you should not fall into bewilderment while Indrajit yet lives, O lord of Rākṣasas — no one struck by the arrows of Indra's foe is capable of preserving his life in battle.

6.60.5 See today Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa, their bodies pierced and shattered by my arrows, lying on the ground deprived of life, their every limb covered with sharp arrows.

6.60.6 Hear this vow of Indra's foe, firmly resolved and joined with manly power and destiny: this very day I shall torment Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa with unfailing arrows.

6.60.7 Today Indra, Vivasvat's son (Yama), Viṣṇu, Mitra, the Sādhyas, the Aśvins, Vaiśvānara, Moon, and Sun shall see my immeasurable valour, fierce as Viṣṇu's at the sacrificial grounds of Bali."

6.60.8 Having spoken thus, Indra's foe, undaunted in spirit, took leave of the king and mounted his chariot swift as the wind, equipped with the finest mules.

6.60.9 The great-spirited one, mounting his chariot rivalling Hari's own, swiftly went to where the battle was, O subduer of foes.

6.60.10 Many mighty warriors, exulting, followed that great-souled one as he set forth, their hands holding excellent bows.

6.60.11 Some were mounted on the backs of elephants, some on the finest horses, bearing lances, hammers, swords, axes, and maces.

6.60.12 With fearsome blasts of conch-shells and the great roar of kettledrums, Indra's foe advanced, praised by the night-rangers.

6.60.13 That slayer of foes blazed resplendent beneath a parasol white as the conch or the moon, like the sky with the full moon.

6.60.14 Then that hero, foremost among all bowmen, was fanned with golden fly-whisks adorned with gold, with beautiful tufts of yak-tail.

6.60.15 Then Laṅkā with Indrajit, whose energy rivals the sun, whose valour is unmatched, blazed resplendent as the sky with the shining sun.

6.60.16 Seeing him going forth surrounded by a great army, the glorious lord of Rākṣasas Rāvaṇa spoke to his son.

6.60.17 "You are a warrior without a match in chariot-battle, my son; you have conquered Vāsava (Indra) in battle. Why would you not slay the audacious human Rāghava?"

6.60.18 Thus addressed by the lord of Rākṣasas, the hero received his great blessings, and going swiftly with his horse-yoked chariot to Nikumbhilā —

6.60.19 that great-spirited subduer of foes, having reached the sacred battle-ground, stationed Rākṣasas all around the chariot as guard.

6.60.20 Then that foremost of Rākṣasas, whose lustre equals fire, invoked the consumer of oblations — fire — with sacred mantras and proper ritual.

6.60.21 That mighty lord of Rākṣasas, with the rites of a network of oblations, preceded by garlands and fragrant substances, poured libations into the fire there.

6.60.22 Weapons, arrow-feathers, and kindling-sticks of vibhītaka wood, garments dyed red, and a ladle of black iron were offered.

6.60.23 Having spread the fire there with arrow-feathers and javelins, he grasped the throat of an all-black living goat.

6.60.24 Even as the fire was kindled just once, smokeless and blazing high with great flames, those omens appeared which foretold victory.

6.60.25 With its flames turning clockwise, resembling heated gold, fire itself rose up and accepted those oblations.

6.60.26 He, foremost among those versed in weapons, summoned the Brāhma weapon and consecrated his bow, his chariot, and all his armaments with sacred mantras there.

6.60.27 As that weapon was being invoked and as the fire was being fed with oblations, the sky together with sun, planets, moon, and stars trembled with fear.

6.60.28 Having made oblation into the fire, he whose energy blazes like fire, whose power rivals great Indra's, bearing bow, arrows, sword, chariot, horses, and charioteer, concealed himself in the sky — he of inconceivable form.

6.60.29 Leaving his army behind and swiftly entering the monkey armies in the great battle while remaining invisible, he rained down a fierce web of arrows, as a dark rain-cloud rains water.

6.60.30 Those monkeys, mountain-like, their bodies shattered by the arrows of Indra's conqueror, struck down by māyā, crying out in discordant voices, fell in battle like great elephants struck by Indra's thunderbolt.

6.60.31 They saw only the sharp-tipped arrows in the monkey armies in battle; they could not see the foe of the lord of gods, hidden by māyā — they did not perceive that Rākṣasa there at all.

6.60.32 Then that great-souled lord of Rākṣasas covered all the directions with swarms of sharp-tipped arrows bright as the sun and filled the lords of monkeys with despair.

6.60.33 He whirled and rained down fiercely upon the army of monkey lords — spears, swords, and battle-axes resembling blazing fire, blazing with flames and sparks.

6.60.34 Then the leaders of the monkey troops, struck by the arrows of Indra's conqueror, blazing like fire, bloomed like kimśuka flowers in full bloom.

6.60.35 Crawling toward one another and crying out in discordant voices, bull-monkeys pierced by the weapons of the lord of Rākṣasas fell down.

6.60.36 Some gazing up at the sky were struck in the eyes; pierced by arrows they collapsed into one another and fell to the ground.

6.60.37 Hanūmān, Sugrīva, Aṅgada, Gandhamādana, Jāmbavān, Suṣeṇa, and Vegadarśin —

6.60.38 Mainda, Dvivida, Nīla, Gavākṣa, Gaja, Gomukha, Keśarin, Hariloman, and the monkey Vidyuddaṃṣṭra —

6.60.39 Sūryānana, Jyotimukha, Dadhimukha the monkey, Pāvakākṣa, Nala, and the monkey Kumuda —

6.60.40 — all these tiger-monkeys that foremost of Rākṣasas pierced with lances, pikes, and sharp arrows charged with Indrajit's mantras.

6.60.41 Having shattered the monkey troop-leaders with maces and pierced them with gold-fletched arrows, he rained webs of arrow-showers upon Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa — arrows like the rays of the sun.

6.60.42 Drenched in those showers of arrows, reflecting on them as if they were streams of falling rain, Rāma of supremely wondrous glory, surveying all around him, then spoke to Lakṣmaṇa.

6.60.43 "This lord of Rākṣasas again, O Lakṣmaṇa — Indra's foe — having felled the fierce monkey army, relying on the Brahmā weapon, torments us continually with his arrows.

6.60.44 He is great-souled, bearing a boon from the Self-born, stationed in the sky with his fearsome body concealed — how then can Indrajit, invisible in form and weapons raised, be killed today in battle?

6.60.45 I think the blessed Self-born, who is inconceivable, is the source of this weapon and of him who wields it. You, O wise one, endure here with me today without anxiety the falls of his arrows.

6.60.46 For this lord of Rākṣasas covers all the directions with webs of arrow-showers; and this entire army of the monkey king no longer shines, its foremost heroes having fallen.

6.60.47 And seeing the two of us fallen and senseless, withdrawn from battle, our fury and joy extinguished, he will surely enter the abode of the enemies of the immortals, having taken away the glory of the battle's vanguard.

6.60.48 Then those two were there struck down and rendered helpless by Indrajit's web of weapons; and having brought them to despair there, the lord of Rākṣasas roared with joy in battle.

6.60.49 Having thus brought the army of the monkey king and Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa to despair in battle, he swiftly entered the city protected by the arms of the ten-necked one.

6.61.1 When those two were struck down at the forefront of battle, the army of the monkey-chieftains fell into confusion; Sugrīva, Nīla, Aṅgada, and Jāmbavān — none of them could act in any way.

6.61.2 Then Vibhīṣaṇa, foremost among the wise, seeing the army in despair, spoke to the heroic monkey-chieftains, comforting them with incomparable words.

6.61.3 "Do not be afraid; this is not a time for despair even though the two noble princes lie helpless and afflicted — it is because they are honoring the word of the Self-Born One that they have been struck down by Indrajit's web of weapons."

6.61.4 "This supreme Brāhma weapon of unfailing force was granted by the Self-Born; if the two princes have been laid low while honoring it, what cause is there for despair here?"

6.61.5 Then the wise Māruti, having honored the Brāhma weapon, and having heard the words of Vibhīṣaṇa, spoke to him.

6.61.6 "Now that this army of swift monkeys has been struck down, let us go and reassure each one who still holds to life."

6.61.7 Then those two heroes together, Hanūmān and the foremost of rākṣasas, bearing torches, roamed over the front of the battlefield that night.

6.61.8 Strewn all about lay bodies with severed tails, hands, thighs, feet, fingers, and heads, with limbs streaming blood, dripping on every side —

6.61.9 — they beheld the earth crowded with fallen monkeys huge as mountains and with fallen blazing weapons.

6.61.10 Sugrīva, Aṅgada, Nīla, Śarabha, Gandhamādana, Jāmbavān, Suṣeṇa, Vegadarśī, and Āhuka —

6.61.11 — Mainda, Nala, Jyotimukha, Dvivida, Panasa, and the rest — Vibhīṣaṇa and Hanūmān saw them lying struck down in battle.

6.61.12 Sixty-seven crores of swift monkeys had been slain within the remaining fifth part of the day by the weapon dear to the Self-Born.

6.61.13 Seeing that dreadful army, vast as an ocean flood, tormented by arrows, Hanūmān together with Vibhīṣaṇa searched for Jāmbavān.

6.61.14 They found the aged one, afflicted by natural old age, pierced by hundreds of arrows, the heroic son of Prajāpati, like a fire dying down.

6.61.15 Seeing him, the descendant of Pulastya approached and spoke: "O noble one, have your vital breaths not been destroyed by these sharp arrows?"

6.61.16 Hearing Vibhīṣaṇa's words, Jāmbavān, the foremost of bears, with great difficulty drew out a breath and spoke these words:

6.61.17 "By your voice — the voice of a great hero, lord of rākṣasas — I recognize you; tormented as I am by sharp arrows, I cannot see you with my eyes."

6.61.18 "Tell me, O lord of rākṣasas — is Añjanā's noble son, through whom Mātariśvan lives again, that best of monkeys, Hanūmān, alive somewhere?"

6.61.19 Hearing Jāmbavān's words, Vibhīṣaṇa said: "Passing over the two noble princes, why do you ask after the son of the Wind?"

6.61.20 "Not toward king Sugrīva, not toward Aṅgada, not even toward Rāghava, O noble one, is love displayed as greatly as toward the son of the Wind."

6.61.21 Hearing Vibhīṣaṇa's words, Jāmbavān replied: "Hear, O tiger among rākṣasas, why I ask after Māruti —"

6.61.22 "While that hero lives, even an army slain is as if unslain; but if Hanūmān has abandoned his life, then though we live, we are as the dead."

6.61.23 "If Māruti, who is like the Wind itself, equal to fire in valor, still lives, dear friend, then there is hope of life."

6.61.24 Then the son of the Wind, Hanūmān, came to the aged one and paid him due reverence, grasping the feet of Jāmbavān.

6.61.25 Hearing Hanūmān's voice, though his senses were afflicted, the foremost of bears felt himself reborn as it were.

6.61.26 Then the greatly resplendent Jāmbavān said to Hanūmān: "Come, O tiger among monkeys — you must save the vānaras."

6.61.27 "No other is equal to the task in prowess; you are their supreme protector. This is the moment for your valor — I see no one else."

6.61.28 "Gladden the troops of bear and monkey heroes; and remove the arrows from these two who have been struck — Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa."

6.61.29 "Travelling a great distance, high above the ocean, O Hanūmān, you must go to the Himālaya, the foremost of mountains."

6.61.30 "Then, O destroyer of foes, you will see the supremely towering golden Ṛṣabha mountain, and also the peak of Kailāsa."

6.61.31 "Between those two peaks, blazing with incomparable splendor, O hero, you will see the Herb Mountain, replete with all medicinal plants."

6.61.32 "O tiger among monkeys, on its summit you will see four blazing herbs that illuminate all ten directions."

6.61.33 "There is Mṛtasaṃjīvanī that revives the dead, Viśalyakaraṇī that removes arrows, Sauvarṇakaraṇī that restores golden color, and Saṃdhānī the great healing herb."

6.61.34 "Gathering all of them, you must come quickly, O Hanūmān, son of the Wind-god; reuniting the monkeys with their lives, revive them."

6.61.35 Hearing Jāmbavān's words, Hanūmān, the bull among monkeys, swelled with an upsurge of strength like an ocean swelling with rushing waters.

6.61.36 Standing at the mountain's edge and pressing down upon that great mountain, the hero Hanūmān appeared himself like a second mountain.

6.61.37 That mountain, shattered by the monkey's feet, sank down; it could not withstand itself under such tremendous pressure.

6.61.38 The trees fell to the ground and burst into flame from the monkey's force; its peaks were scattered as Hanūmān pressed upon it.

6.61.39 As the great mountain was being pressed down, its floor of trees and rocks shattered, the monkeys could not stand upon it as it whirled about.

6.61.40 Laṅkā with its great gates whirling, its houses and gateways shattered, filled with terror in the night, seemed as though it were dancing.

6.61.41 Resembling a mountain himself, the son of Māruta, pressing down on the mountain-bearer, caused the earth together with its oceans to shake.

6.61.42 Pressing upon the mountain with his feet and opening his terrible mouth like the submarine fire, he roared mightily as if to terrify the rākṣasas.

6.61.43 Hearing that wondrous roar as he bellowed, all the rākṣasas dwelling in Laṅkā could not stir from fear.

6.61.44 Then Māruti of terrible might, the scorcher of foes, having paid homage to Rāma, set himself to the supreme task for Rāghava's sake.

6.61.45 Raising his tail like a great serpent, bending his back, contracting his ears, opening his mouth like the submarine fire, he of fierce speed leaped into the sky.

6.61.46 He swiftly swept away groves of trees, mountains, and rocks; and ordinary monkeys, struck and sent flying by the force of his arms and thighs, fell spent into the water.

6.61.47 Stretching out his two arms like the coils of a great serpent, valiant as the enemy of serpents, the son of the Wind went toward Meru, king of mountains, seemingly drawing the directions behind him.

6.61.48 Gazing upon the ocean with its tossing rows of waves, its every creature thrown into agitation, he went suddenly like the discus released from the tip of Viṣṇu's hand.

6.61.49 Beholding mountains, forests, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, the finest cities, and even prosperous tracts of collyrium, he sped onward with speed equal to his father's.

6.61.50 Taking the path of the sun, he went without fatigue; that foremost of monkeys beheld the Himālaya, highest of mountains.

6.61.51 It was adorned with many springs, filled with numerous gorges and cascades, with peaks resembling heaps of white clouds and fair to behold.

6.61.52 Approaching that lord of great mountains with its very lofty, foremost, and terrible peaks, he saw the holy great hermitages frequented by the foremost hosts of gods and seers.

6.61.53 He saw Brahmā's treasury, the Silver Abode, Indra's dwelling, the spot where Rudra released his arrow, the horse-faced Hayaśīrṣa, the blazing Brahmaśiras, and the attendants of Vaivasvata Yama.

6.61.54 He saw the abode of Vajra, the dwelling of Vaiśravaṇa bright as the sun, the tethering place of the sun, the seat of Brahmā, the bow of Śaṃkara, and the navel of the earth.

6.61.55 He saw the foremost Kailāsa, the Himālayan rock, the Ṛṣabha mountain foremost of golden peaks, blazing with every herb ablaze, the king of the Herb Mountain.

6.61.56 Beholding it blazing with rays like fire, the son of Indra's messenger was filled with wonder; leaping upon that king of herb mountains, he set about gathering the herbs there.

6.61.57 That great monkey, the son of Māruta, having crossed thousands of yojanas, roamed over the mountain bearing divine herbs.

6.61.58 But all those great herbs on that best of mountains, knowing that a seeker was approaching, then became invisible.

6.61.59 The great-souled Hanūmān, not seeing them, became enraged; seething with anger, he roared mightily; with eyes blazing like fire, unable to endure it, he spoke to that lord of mountains:

6.61.60 "What is this that you have so firmly resolved — that you show no compassion for Rāghava? Behold yourself now scattered asunder, overcome by the strength of my arms, O lord of mountains!"

6.61.61 Seizing at once with speed its peak with all its trees, elephants, gold, and thousands of minerals — its summit scattered, its upper ridges shaking — he uprooted it.

6.61.62 Having uprooted it, he leaped into the sky, terrifying the worlds along with the gods and lords of gods; praised by many sky-dwellers, he went with the fierce power of Garuḍa.

6.61.63 Entering the path of the sun, holding that peak bright as the sun, he shone then, himself like the sun, near the sun, reflecting back the sun's brightness.

6.61.64 The son of the Wind-god, like a mountain himself, shone magnificently with that mountain, like Viṣṇu in the sky holding aloft his discus with its thousand edges blazing with fire.

6.61.65 The monkeys, seeing him, cried out; he too, seeing them, roared with joy. Hearing their mingled cries, those dwelling in Laṅkā cried out even more terribly.

6.61.66 Then the great-souled one descended with that foremost mountain into the midst of the monkey army, bowing his head to the foremost monkeys, and there he embraced Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.61.67 Those two also, the princes born as men, inhaling the fragrance of the great herbs, became free of their arrow-wounds; and other heroic monkeys rose up.

6.61.68 Then Hari, the son of the Wind-god, of exalted valor, swiftly carried that Herb Mountain back to the Himālaya itself, and returned again to Rāma.

6.62.1 Then the greatly resplendent Sugrīva, lord of the monkeys, also communicating his purpose, spoke to the mighty Hanūmān:

6.62.2 "Since Kumbhakarṇa has been slain and the princes have been killed, Rāvaṇa is no longer in a position to deliver reinforcements now."

6.62.3 "Let all the monkeys who are mighty and swift leap at Laṅkā quickly, O bulls among monkeys, taking up torches."

6.62.4 Then, when the sun had set at that terrible twilight, those bulls among monkeys, bearing torches, went facing toward Laṅkā.

6.62.5 Charged on all sides by the monkey troops holding torches, the disfigured-eyed guards stationed at the walls suddenly fled in all directions.

6.62.6 Exulting, the monkeys set fire to the gateways, watchtowers, wide avenues, patrol-paths of various kinds, and palaces.

6.62.7 Then the fire devoured thousands of those houses and the dwellings of all the rākṣasas, of every householder.

6.62.8 Of those whose armor was adorned with gold, who wore garlands of flowers and fine garments, whose eyes were unsteady with the drinking of wine, who walked reeling with intoxication —

6.62.9 — whose garments clung to their beloved consorts, who were filled with fury toward their enemies, who held maces, spears, and swords in their hands, who were still eating and drinking —

6.62.10 — who lay asleep on their fine couches together with their beloved ones, or who fled in terror swiftly, taking their children with them, in all directions —

6.62.11 — the fire burned thousands of those houses of the Laṅkā-dwellers, and blazed again and again.

6.62.12 The solid, greatly valuable dwellings, possessed of deep merits, adorned with golden full moons and half-moons, with their lofty moonlight chambers —

6.62.13 — with their lattice-windows inlaid with gems, with their bases firm on all sides, painted with jewels and coral, seeming to touch the sun —

6.62.14 — the mansions that resounded with the sounds of curlews, peacocks, lutes, and ornaments, immovable like mountains — the fire devoured them.

6.62.15 The gateways, encircled by fire, shone like masses of clouds bound with lightning in the summer season.

6.62.16 Noble women who had been sleeping in the aerial palaces, being burned, shedding their jewelry, cried out loudly: "Alas! Alas!"

6.62.17 There the mansions, enveloped in fire, collapsed, like the peaks of a great mountain struck by Indra's thunderbolt.

6.62.18 Those blazing mansions shone from afar like the peaks of the Himālaya with their forests of blazing herbs.

6.62.19 With the palace-tops burning and blazing with flames, Laṅkā at night appeared as if covered with flowering kiṃśuka trees.

6.62.20 With elephants released by their keepers and horses set free, Laṅkā became like an ocean at the end of the world with sharks swimming in disorder.

6.62.21 Seeing a horse set free, an elephant perhaps turns aside in fear; a horse, frightened, seeing a frightened elephant, turns back somewhere.

6.62.22 That city, set ablaze by the monkeys in a moment, became like the earth blazing at the terrible dissolution of this world.

6.62.23 The cries of the women, enveloped in smoke, wailing loudly, the sound of those scorched by fire, were heard for ten yojanas.

6.62.24 The monkeys, eager for battle, suddenly leaped upon other rākṣasas whose bodies had been scorched and who had come outside.

6.62.25 The battle-cries of the monkeys and the shrieks of the rākṣasas resounded through the ten directions, through the ocean, and through the earth.

6.62.26 Those two great-souled ones, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, freed from their arrows, unperturbed, took up their two excellent bows.

6.62.27 Then as Rāma twanged his excellent bow, a tumultuous sound arose, causing terror among the rākṣasas.

6.62.28 Then Rāma shone brilliantly, drawing back his great bow, like the blessed and furious Bhava with his bow that is the Veda.

6.62.29 The terrible cry of the monkeys, the wail of the rākṣasas, and the twang of Rāma's bowstring — these three filled the ten directions.

6.62.30 By the arrows released from his bow, the city gate of that fortress, resembling a peak of Kailāsa, was shattered and fell to the earth.

6.62.31 Then seeing Rāma's arrows, tumultuous arming of the rākṣasa lords occurred in the aerial palaces and houses.

6.62.32 As they armed themselves and raised their lion-roars, the night of the rākṣasa lords became as it were dreadful.

6.62.33 Those lords of monkeys, commanded by the great-souled Sugrīva, having approached close, reaching the gate: "Fight, O bulls among monkeys!"

6.62.34 "And whoever stationed at his post violates his duty — he must be killed outright, as one who violates the king's command."

6.62.35 As those foremost monkeys stood at the gate with blazing torches flaming in their hands, fury entered Rāvaṇa.

6.62.36 From the spreading convulsions of his agitation the ten directions were thrown into confusion; his fury was visible in his limbs as if it had taken the form of Rudra's wrath.

6.62.37 Seething with rage, he dispatched Nikumbha and Kumbha, both sons of Kumbhakarṇa, together with many rākṣasas.

6.62.38 The lord of rākṣasas commanded all those rākṣasas: "Go there at once, rākṣasas!" — and they roared with lion-roars.

6.62.39 Then those heroes, spurred on by him, the rākṣasas with their weapons ablaze, issued forth from Laṅkā, roaring again and again.

6.62.40 With terrible horses, chariots, and elephants, swarming with infantry of various kinds, armed with blazing spears, maces, swords, javelins, darts, and bows —

6.62.41 — that dreadful rākṣasa army of terrible prowess and valor was seen blazing with javelins, resounding with hundreds of small bells.

6.62.42 Arms latticed with golden networks, battle-axes bound tight, great weapons swung in sweeping arcs, bows pressed together with arrows —

6.62.43 — with a great wind fragrant with perfumes, garlands, and the effusion of honey, dreadful, swarming with brave men, roaring like a great storm-cloud —

6.62.44 Seeing that very terrible army of the rākṣasas advancing, the monkey army stirred and cried out loudly.

6.62.45 Leaping forward swiftly, the great monkey army charged the enemy force like moths rushing into fire.

6.62.46 The foremost force of the rākṣasas, with its iron bars and thunderbolts sweeping and striking from the swinging of their arms, shone even more magnificently.

6.62.47 Likewise other night-wanderers of terrible form struck the foremost of those monkeys on every side with sharp swords.

6.62.48 One struck him who was striking another; one felled him who was felling; others reviled the one reviling; others bit the one biting.

6.62.49 "Give it!" some cried; "He's giving it!" another; "I'll give it!" yet another again; "Why do you trouble me? Stand!" — thus they spoke to one another there.

6.62.50 With great javelins raised aloft, with fists, spears, and swords in confusion, a mighty and dreadful battle of the monkeys and rākṣasas commenced.

6.62.51 The rākṣasas attacked ten, seventeen monkeys at a time; the monkeys slew ten and seventeen rākṣasas in battle.

6.62.52 The monkeys, seizing the rākṣasa army with its manes and harnesses fallen loose, its armor and standards discarded, surrounded it on all sides.

6.63.1 As that terrible confused slaughter of heroes raged, the battle-eager Aṅgada encountered the hero Kampana.

6.63.2 Challenging Aṅgada, Kampana in his fury swiftly struck him first with his mace; struck mightily, Aṅgada staggered.

6.63.3 Recovering consciousness, the valiant one hurled a mountain peak; and Kampana, tormented by the blow, fell to the earth.

6.63.4 With its heroes slain and afflicted, the rākṣasa king's army then turned toward where the son of Kumbhakarṇa was; as it rushed forward with speed, Kumbha calmed that army.

6.63.5 That best of archers, taking up his bow with perfect composure, released arrows like venomous serpents that tear through bodies.

6.63.6 His excellent bow with its arrows shone still more brilliantly, like a second Indra's bow blazing with the light of Airāvata's lightning.

6.63.7 Released from a full draw to the ear, with that arrow with golden shaft, feathered, clad in feathers, he then struck Dvivida.

6.63.8 Suddenly struck by him, his footing lost, convulsing, bewildered, that foremost of monkeys fell like a mountain peak.

6.63.9 But Mainda, seeing his brother broken in that great battle, charged forward swiftly, grasping a great boulder.

6.63.10 That mighty one hurled the boulder at the rākṣasa; Kumbha split that boulder with five well-aimed arrows.

6.63.11 Then nocking another fine-tipped arrow like a venomous serpent, the greatly resplendent one struck Dvivida's elder brother in the chest.

6.63.12 Mainda, the monkey troop-leader, struck in a vital spot by that blow, fell to the earth in a swoon.

6.63.13 Aṅgada, seeing those two mighty maternal uncles fallen, charged swiftly at Kumbha with his bow raised.

6.63.14 As he came rushing, Kumbha pierced him with five iron arrows, and three other sharp arrows — as an elephant is pierced with darts.

6.63.15 The valiant Kumbha pierced Aṅgada with various arrows, unblunted and sharp, keen and gold-adorned.

6.63.16 Aṅgada, the son of Vālin, though his body was pierced through, did not waver; he rained down upon Kumbha's head a shower of rocks and trees.

6.63.17 The glorious son of Kumbhakarṇa cut down all of them and shattered again the rocks hurled by the son of Vālin.

6.63.18 And seeing the monkey troop-leader rushing at him, Kumbha pierced him between the eyebrows with two arrows, as if striking an elephant with two torches.

6.63.19 Aṅgada, covering his eyes drenched with blood with one hand, seized with the other hand a nearby śāla tree.

6.63.20 That tree resembling Indra's banner post, like Mandara mountain — as he hurled it with force before the eyes of all the rākṣasas —

6.63.21 — Kumbha severed it with seven sharp arrows that pierce the body; Aṅgada was tormented again and again, sank down, and fell into a swoon.

6.63.22 Seeing Aṅgada tormented and sinking as if in an ocean, the foremost monkeys reported it to Rāghava — he was unapproachable.

6.63.23 Hearing that the son of Vālin was tormented in the great battle, Rāma then directed the foremost monkeys, headed by Jāmbavān.

6.63.24 Those tigers among monkeys, hearing Rāma's command, charged furiously at Kumbha with his bow raised.

6.63.25 Then the bulls among monkeys, with trees and stones in their hands, their eyes reddened with fury, rushed forward wishing to protect Aṅgada.

6.63.26 Jāmbavān, Suṣeṇa, and the monkey Vegadarśī — all angry — ran together toward the heroic son of Kumbhakarṇa.

6.63.27 But seeing those greatly powerful lords of monkeys advancing, he blocked them with a flood of arrows as a mountain blocks a reservoir of water.

6.63.28 Meeting his mass of arrows, the great-souled monkey lords could not pass beyond, like the great ocean unable to pass beyond its shore.

6.63.29 Seeing those monkey troops afflicted by the rain of arrows, placing his nephew Aṅgada behind him, the lord of monkeys —

6.63.30 — Sugrīva charged swiftly at Kumbha in battle, like a swift-moving lion against an elephant roaming the mountain ridges.

6.63.31 The mighty one uprooted great mountains, many aśvakarṇa and dhava trees, and various other trees, and hurled them.

6.63.32 That unapproachable rain of trees that covered the sky, the glorious son of Kumbhakarṇa severed with his sharp arrows.

6.63.33 Struck by Kumbha's sharp, unerring, fierce arrows, those trees shone like terrible śataghnī engines of war.

6.63.34 Seeing that rain of trees severed by the valiant Kumbha, the glorious lord of monkeys, of great essence, did not waver.

6.63.35 Suddenly pierced through and enduring those arrows, he snatched Kumbha's bow and broke it — that bow bright as Indra's rainbow.

6.63.36 Then leaping forward swiftly and having performed that most difficult deed, he angrily addressed Kumbha, who was like an elephant with a broken tusk:

6.63.37 "O elder brother of Nikumbha, that valor of yours, that wonderful speed of your arrows, that skill and power — it is yours or Rāvaṇa's."

6.63.38 "O equal of Prahrāda, Bali, the slayer of Vṛtra, Kubera, and Varuṇa — you alone have been born surpassing your father in strength."

6.63.39 "You alone, O mighty-armed one, spear in hand, subduer of foes, the thirty gods cannot overcome, as diseases cannot overcome one who has conquered his senses."

6.63.40 "Your paternal uncle can endure gods and dānavas by virtue of boons received; but Kumbhakarṇa endured gods and asuras through sheer valor."

6.63.41 "Equal to Indrajit with the bow, equal in glory to Rāvaṇa — today you are the foremost in the world of rākṣasas in strength and valor."

6.63.42 "Let the beings of the world witness today this wonderful great clash between you and me in battle, as they once witnessed that between Indra and Śambara."

6.63.43 "An incomparable feat has been accomplished, skill with weapons has been displayed, and these monkey heroes of terrible prowess have been felled by you."

6.63.44 "Nor have I slain you yet for fear of censure, O hero — you have done your work and are weary; rest, and then witness my strength."

6.63.45 Honored — though with contempt — by those words of Sugrīva, his energy grew like the flame of a fire fed with clarified butter.

6.63.46 Then Kumbha leaped up, fell upon Sugrīva, and furiously struck him on the chest with a fist of thunderbolt force.

6.63.47 The skin of Sugrīva's chest burst open and blood appeared; and that fist of great momentum rebounded from his firm circle of bones.

6.63.48 Then from that force a flame was kindled there again and again — like the flames born from the crushing of a thunderbolt on Mount Meru.

6.63.49 Struck there by him, Sugrīva, the bull among monkeys, the mighty one, gathered his fist into a thunderbolt-like shape.

6.63.50 Blazing with a thousand flames, bright as the solar orb, the valiant one drove that fist down onto Kumbha's chest.

6.63.51 Struck by that fist, the rākṣasa fell at once, like the planet Mars with its blazing rays falling from the sky by chance.

6.63.52 The appearance of Kumbha as he fell, his chest shattered by the fist, resembled the form of the lord of cattle assailed by Rudra.

6.63.53 When he was slain by the bull among leapers, of terrible valor, in battle, the earth with its mountains and forests trembled, and a great fear entered the rākṣasas.

6.64.1 Nikumbha, seeing his brother struck down by Sugrīva, glared at the lord of the monkeys as if burning with rage.

6.64.2 Then that hero took up an iron club adorned with garlands and straps, its five-fingered grip fitted, fair to behold, equal in height to the summit of a great mountain.

6.64.3 It was bound with bands of gold, adorned with vajra and coral, dreadful as the staff of Yama, the destroyer of fear among the rākṣasas.

6.64.4 Whirling that club equal to Indra's banner in battle, Nikumbha of terrible prowess roared with open mouth, blazing with great energy.

6.64.5 With a pendant on his chest, armlets on his arms, a pair of gleaming earrings, and a variegated garland—

6.64.6 —Nikumbha shone with his ornaments and that iron club like a cloud adorned with the rainbow of Indra, accompanied by lightning and thunder.

6.64.7 The knot of air burst apart at the tip of the club of that great-souled one; it blazed with sound like fire without smoke.

6.64.8 Together with the city of Viṭapāvatī and the finest mansions of the gandharvas, together with Amarāvatī and all its palaces—

6.64.9 —the sky with its host of stars, its constellations, the moon, and the great planets seemed to spin and whirl, swept by the circling club of Nikumbha.

6.64.10 Unapproachable, blazing with the lustre of the club and his ornaments, the fire of Nikumbha, fuelled by wrath, arose like the fire at the end of an age.

6.64.11 The rākṣasas and monkeys alike could not stir for fear; but mighty Hanūmān, with chest bared, stood facing him.

6.64.12 That strong one, whose arms were like an iron club, brought down upon the chest of the powerful Nikumbha the club that shone like the sun.

6.64.13 Striking that firm, broad chest, the club was shattered into a hundred pieces and broke apart at once like a hundred meteors in the sky.

6.64.14 Shaken by that blow from the club, the great monkey reeled, as a mountain shakes in an earthquake.

6.64.15 Though struck thus, Hanūmān, best of the leapers, exceedingly powerful by nature, clenched his fist.

6.64.16 Raising it high, that great-splendoured, valiant one swift as the wind hurled it with full force against Nikumbha's chest.

6.64.17 Then his skin burst open and blood poured out; from that fist-blow a flame arose like lightning.

6.64.18 Though staggered by that blow, Nikumbha collected himself and seized the immensely powerful Hanūmān.

6.64.19 At that, the inhabitants of Laṅkā raised a terrible cry in the battle on seeing mighty Hanūmān lifted up by Nikumbha.

6.64.20 Even as he was being carried off by the son of Kumbhakarṇa, the son of the wind struck him with a fist swift as the thunderbolt.

6.64.21 Freeing himself and leaping to the ground, the son of the wind, Hanūmān, quickly wrestled Nikumbha down.

6.64.22 Hurling him with full exertion and crushing him to the ground, that valiant one sprang up swiftly and fell upon his chest.

6.64.23 Grasping him with both arms and twisting his neck, he tore away the great head of the roaring Nikumbha with a fearful wrench.

6.64.24 Then, as Nikumbha fell roaring, slain by the son of the wind in battle, the combat between the army of the son of Daśaratha and the army of the lord of the rākṣasas became far more terrible, both sides consumed with fury.

6.65.1 Hearing that Nikumbha had been slain and Kumbha struck down, Rāvaṇa, exceedingly wrathful, blazed up like fire.

6.65.2 That lord of the rākṣasas, overwhelmed by both anger and grief, urged on Makarākṣa of wide eyes, the son of Khara.

6.65.3 "Go, my son, dispatched by me, accompanied by your forces. Slay both Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa together with the forest-dwellers."

6.65.4 Hearing Rāvaṇa's words, Makarākṣa, the heroic and proud son of Khara, the night-rover, said boldly: "So be it."

6.65.5 Having saluted the ten-necked one and circumambulated him, the mighty one departed from Rāvaṇa's bright dwelling by his command.

6.65.6 The son of Khara said this to the marshal of forces standing nearby: "Let a chariot be brought quickly, and let the army be assembled without delay."

6.65.7 Hearing those words, the marshal of forces, a night-rover, brought the chariot and the army near.

6.65.8 The night-rover circumambulated the chariot and mounted it, then urged the charioteer: "Drive my chariot quickly."

6.65.9 Then Makarākṣa addressed all those rākṣasas: "All of you rākṣasas—fight in front of me."

6.65.10 "I have been commanded by the great-souled king of the rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa, to slay both Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa in battle."

6.65.11 "Today I shall slay Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, O night-rovers, Sugrīva the tree-roaming animal, and the monkeys with my finest arrows."

6.65.12 "Today with my spear-casts I shall burn down the great army of the monkeys that has arrived, like fire consuming dry fuel."

6.65.13 Hearing those words of Makarākṣa, all those night-rovers, powerful and resolute, equipped themselves with various weapons.

6.65.14 Those heroes, able to take any form, fanged, tawny-eyed, hair dishevelled, fearsome, roared like elephants.

6.65.15 The great-bodied ones surrounded the great-bodied son of Khara and advanced joyfully, shaking the earth.

6.65.16 Then arose a great sound on all sides from thousands of conches and kettledrums beaten together, along with battle-cries and the slapping of arms.

6.65.17 Then the charioteer's goad slipped from his hand, and the banner of that rākṣasa fell suddenly to the ground.

6.65.18 The horses yoked to his chariot, stripped of their vigour, moved with stumbling feet, dejected, their mouths wet with foam and tears.

6.65.19 As the terrible, evil-minded Makarākṣa set forth, the wind blew against him, harsh and laden with dust.

6.65.20 Seeing those omens, the mightiest of the rākṣasas marched out without reflection, all of them, to where Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa stood.

6.65.21 Dark as clouds, elephants, and buffaloes in hue, scarred again and again by maces and swords in the fore of battle, each crying "I, I first!" those night-rovers skilled in war wheeled about, roaring.

6.66.1 Seeing Makarākṣa marching forth, all those bull-like monkeys leaped forward at once and stood ready, eager to fight.

6.66.2 Then commenced that great and hair-raising battle between the night-rovers and the monkeys, like the battle of the gods with the dānavas.

6.66.3 With hurled trees and spears, with thrown rocks and iron clubs, the monkeys and night-rovers crushed one another.

6.66.4 The night-rovers struck with śaktis, spears, maces, swords, lances, broad-bladed swords, slings, and volleys of arrows from every side—

6.66.5 —and with nooses, mallets, staffs, and thunderbolt-like weapons as well; those night-rovers wrought havoc among the lion-like monkeys.

6.66.6 The monkeys, tormented by the son of Khara's showers of arrows, became confused of mind and all fled, afflicted by fear.

6.66.7 Seeing those forest-dwellers fleeing, all the rākṣasas roared like lions, bold and wearing the air of conquerors.

6.66.8 As the monkeys fled on all sides, Rāma checked the rākṣasas with a rain of arrows.

6.66.9 Seeing the rākṣasas checked, Makarākṣa the night-rover, seized with a smouldering rage, spoke these words:

6.66.10 "Stand, Rāma! I offer you single combat. I shall make you abandon your life with sharp arrows loosed from my bow."

6.66.11 "When you slew my father in the Daṇḍaka forest before my very eyes, as he was engaged in his own deeds—remembering that, my rage increases."

6.66.12 "My limbs burn fiercely, O wicked Rāghava, because I could not find you at that time in the great forest."

6.66.13 "By good fortune you have come within my sight here, Rāma. You are as longed for as another animal is longed for by a hungry lion."

6.66.14 "Today, through the speed of my arrows, you will go to the realm of the king of the dead. You shall meet again with the heroes you yourself have slain."

6.66.15 "Why say more? Hear my words, Rāma. Let all the worlds witness you and me upon the battlefield."

6.66.16 "Whether with missiles, or with a mace, or with your bare arms in this great battle—let it be fought, Rāma, with whatever you have practised."

6.66.17 Hearing Makarākṣa's words, Rāma the son of Daśaratha replied with a smile to that boastful speaker:

6.66.18 "Fourteen thousand rākṣasas, and your father himself, and Triśirā and Dūṣaṇa as well—all were slain by me in the Daṇḍaka."

6.66.19 "Vultures, jackals, and crows with sharp beaks and hooked talons shall today be well-fed on your flesh, O wicked one."

6.66.20 Thus addressed by Rāma, the son of Khara, the night-rover, released showers of arrows against Rāghava on the battlefield.

6.66.21 Rāma cut down those arrows with his own rain of arrows in manifold ways; those severed shafts with golden feathers fell to the earth by the thousands.

6.66.22 There ensued that battle, each pressing the other with full force, between the son of the rākṣasa Khara and the son of Daśaratha.

6.66.23 Like the sound of two storm-clouds in the sky, the resounding clap of their bowstrings and the ringing of arrows loosed from the bow were heard on the battlefield.

6.66.24 Gods, dānavas, gandharvas, kiṃnaras, and great serpents—all gathered in the sky, eager to witness that marvel.

6.66.25 Wounded in each other's limbs, their strength grew twofold; each answering the other's blow with a blow, those two fought on the battlefield.

6.66.26 The arrows loosed at Rāma were cut down by the rākṣasa in battle; and the arrows loosed by the rākṣasa were cut down by Rāma in many ways with his shafts.

6.66.27 All the cardinal and intermediate directions were filled with showers of arrows; the earth too was covered on all sides and could not be seen.

6.66.28 Then mighty-armed Rāghava in his fury cut the rākṣasa's bow, pierced the charioteer with eight iron arrows, shattered the chariot with his shafts, and brought down the chariot-horses.

6.66.29 Dismounted and standing on the ground, Makarākṣa the night-rover took in his hand a spear that was the terror of all living beings, blazing like the fire at the end of an age.

6.66.30 Whirling that great blazing spear, the night-rover hurled it in fury at Rāghava in the great battle.

6.66.31 That blazing spear flying toward him, loosed from the hand of Khara's son, was cut apart in the air by Rāghava with three arrows.

6.66.32 That spear, adorned with divine gold, cut asunder in many pieces, tormented by Rāma's arrows, scattered and fell to the earth like a great meteor.

6.66.33 Seeing that spear destroyed by Rāma of marvellous deeds, the beings moving in the sky exclaimed: "Well done! Well done!"

6.66.34 Seeing his spear destroyed, Makarākṣa the night-rover raised his fist and cried out to Kākutstha: "Stand! Stand!"

6.66.35 Seeing him rushing forward, the delight of the Raghu line, Rāma, laughed and then fitted the Fire-missile to his own bow.

6.66.36 The rākṣasa, struck by that missile by Kākutstha in battle, his heart cleft asunder, fell there and died.

6.66.37 Seeing the fall of Makarākṣa, all those rākṣasas, afflicted by the might of Rāma's arrows, fled back to Laṅkā.

6.66.38 The gods too beheld with great joy that night-rover, the son of Khara, slain by the speed of the arrows of the son of King Daśaratha—fallen like a mountain shattered by the thunderbolt.

6.67.1 Hearing that Makarākṣa had been slain, Rāvaṇa the conqueror in battle then commanded in fury his son Indrajit to go to the fight.

6.67.2 "Slay, O hero of mighty valour, those two brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa — whether invisible or visible, you in every way surpass them in strength."

6.67.3 "You have defeated Indra himself of unequalled deeds in battle — how then, having seen these mere mortals, will you not slay them in combat?"

6.67.4 Thus addressed by the lord of rākṣasas, Indrajit accepted his father's words and duly poured oblations into the sacred fire upon the sacrificial ground.

6.67.5 As he offered oblations into the fire there, rākṣasī women wearing red turbans came rushing in agitation to where Rāvaṇa's son stood.

6.67.6 Weapons, arrows as sacrificial leaves, vibhītaka wood as kindling, red garments, and a ladle of black iron were brought.

6.67.7 Having spread the fire on all sides with arrow-shafts as strewing material, he seized by the throat a living all-black goat.

6.67.8 Of the fire blazing for the oblation-offering, smokeless and of great flames, those signs appeared that presaged victory.

6.67.9 With its crest curling clockwise, resembling heated gold, the fire rose up of its own accord and received that oblation.

6.67.10 Having offered oblations into the fire and propitiated the gods, dānavas, and rākṣasas, he mounted the finest chariot that had the power of invisibility — that auspicious vehicle.

6.67.11 Drawn by four horses, furnished with sharp arrows, and with his great bow strung and raised, he shone magnificently upon that supreme chariot.

6.67.12 Blazing with bodily splendour, accoutred in gold ornaments, that chariot was fully adorned with arrows — both full-moon-crested and half-moon-headed shafts.

6.67.13 Indrajit's battle-standard, a great conch-shaped emblem of Jāmbūnada gold, resembling a blazing fire and adorned with vaidūrya gems, blazed forth.

6.67.14 Protected by that brahma-weapon equal in splendour to the sun, Rāvaṇa's son of tremendous might became invincible.

6.67.15 Indrajit, ever triumphant in battle, sallied forth from the city, offered oblations with rākṣasa mantras, rendered himself invisible, and declared:

6.67.16 "Today, by slaying in battle those two who roam the forest under a false pretence of renunciation, I shall bestow victory — an exceeding triumph in war — upon my father Rāvaṇa."

6.67.17 "Having made the earth free of Rāma by slaying Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa, I shall bring my father the highest delight" — saying this, he vanished.

6.67.18 Then, urged on by the ten-necked one, the keen enemy of Indra fell upon them in fury, fierce in battle with his sharp bow and iron-shafted arrows.

6.67.19 He beheld those two heroes of mighty valour standing amid the monkey host, pouring forth networks of arrows like two three-headed serpents.

6.67.20 Recognising them as "these are those two," he strung his bow and poured down unceasing streams of arrows like a rain-cloud pouring rain.

6.67.21 Taking to the sky with his chariot, he stood beyond the range of their sight and pierced Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa with sharp arrows.

6.67.22 Assailed by the force of his arrows, Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa took up their bows with arrows nocked and discharged divine weapons.

6.67.23 Though the two mighty ones, resplendent as gods, covered the sky with nets of arrows, they could not touch him with their shafts or weapons.

6.67.24 For that glorious one created a darkness of smoke, veiling the sky, and the directions vanished, enveloped in misty gloom.

6.67.25 Neither the twang of his bowstring, nor the sound of his chariot's wheel-rims and hoofbeats could be heard as he moved; nor did his form become visible.

6.67.26 In the dense dark gloom, the long-armed one rained down what seemed a wondrous shower of arrows — a downpour of iron-shafted shafts.

6.67.27 Rāvaṇa's son, empowered by a boon, wounded Rāma grievously with arrows bright as the sun, striking every limb in fury during battle.

6.67.28 Struck by the iron-shafted arrows as if by torrents, those two tiger-men, though like mountains under assault, released sharp arrows with golden feathering.

6.67.29 Reaching into the sky to reach Rāvaṇa's son, those heron-feathered arrows were cut apart and fell to the earth soaked in blood.

6.67.30 Those two foremost of men, excessively tormented by the flood of arrows, cut apart those falling shafts with many broad-headed arrows.

6.67.31 Wherever those two sons of Daśaratha saw sharp arrows descending, there and thence they released supreme weapons.

6.67.32 But Rāvaṇa's son, a supreme chariot-warrior, roaming all directions with his chariot and swift in his weapons, pierced those two sons of Daśaratha with sharp arrows.

6.67.33 Those two heroes, the sons of Daśaratha, pierced excessively by him with well-compacted gold-feathered shafts, looked like two flowering kiṃśuka trees.

6.67.34 No one could discern his movements, nor his form, bow, or arrows — nothing else whatsoever could be perceived, as when the sun is engulfed by clouds.

6.67.35 Pierced by him, monkeys slain and bereft of life lay fallen there on the surface of the earth by the hundreds.

6.67.36 Lakṣmaṇa, greatly enraged, spoke to his brother: "I shall deploy the brāhma-weapon for the purpose of slaying all rākṣasas."

6.67.37 Then Rāma spoke to Lakṣmaṇa of auspicious marks: "For the sake of one alone you should not slay all rākṣasas on the earth."

6.67.38 "One who is not fighting, one concealed, one with palms joined, one who has sought refuge, one who is fleeing, or one who is heedless — you should not slay any such here."

6.67.39 "Let us make the effort for the slaying of this one alone, O mighty one — let us release swift weapons terrible as venomous serpents."

6.67.40 "This petty rākṣasa who wields illusion, his chariot hidden by force — the monkey troop-leaders will slay him once they spot him."

6.67.41 "Even if this one should enter the earth, or the sky, or the netherworld, or the vault of heaven — even thus concealed, he shall be scorched by my weapon and fall lifeless to the ground."

6.67.42 Having spoken thus, the great-souled foremost hero of the Raghus, surrounded by the best of the monkeys, then eagerly watched — the great-souled one — for the slaying of that ferocious and cruel-deeded one.

6.68.1 Perceiving the resolve of the great-souled Rāghava, Indrajit withdrew from that battle and re-entered the city.

6.68.2 That hero of great splendour, recalling the slaughter of those swift rākṣasas, went forth again with eyes reddened by anger.

6.68.3 Indrajit, of mighty valour, descendant of Pulastya, the scourge of the gods, went out through the western gate surrounded by rākṣasas.

6.68.4 Indrajit, seeing those two warrior brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa arrayed for battle, then conjured up an illusion.

6.68.5 Indrajit placed on his chariot an illusory Sītā wrought of māyā, and surrounded by a great army, resolved upon her slaying.

6.68.6 That one of utterly evil mind, with the intention of bewildering everyone and resolved to slay Sītā, set out toward the monkeys.

6.68.7 Seeing him sally forth from the city, the forest-dwellers sprang up, furious and eager for battle, rocks in their hands.

6.68.8 Hanūmān, that bull among monkeys, went in front of them all, grasping a mighty mountain peak that was difficult to assail.

6.68.9 He saw Sītā — stripped of joy — on Indrajit's chariot: her hair in a single braid, miserable, her face gaunt from fasting.

6.68.10 Clad in a single worn garment, unwashed, every limb smeared with dust and grime — that beloved of Rāghava, that most beautiful of women.

6.68.11 Having gazed upon the Maithilī for a moment and having made a firm judgment, Hanūmān became distressed, his face overwhelmed with tears.

6.68.12 He saw her — grief-stricken, joyless, wretched Sītā seated on the chariot under the sway of the son of the lord of rākṣasas — and spoke.

6.68.13 That great monkey, thinking "What does this one intend?", together with those foremost of monkeys charged toward the son of Rāvaṇa.

6.68.14 Seeing that monkey force, the son of Rāvaṇa, overcome with rage, drew his gleaming sword and grasped Sītā by the hair.

6.68.15 As they all watched, the son of Rāvaṇa struck that woman — the one joined to the chariot by illusion — who cried out "Rāma! Rāma!"

6.68.16 Seeing her seized by the hair, the son of the Wind, Hanūmān, overcome by anguish and shedding tears born of grief from both eyes, spoke harsh words in fury to the son of the lord of rākṣasas:

6.68.17 "Evil-minded one, you seize a woman by her hair to bring about your own destruction! Born in the lineage of brahmarṣis yet fallen into the rākṣasa species — shame on you of sinful conduct, whose mind is of such a kind!"

6.68.18 "Cruel one, ignoble one, of evil conduct, petty one, whose valour is that of a sinner — such a deed is fit only for the base; you have no compassion, O merciless one!"

6.68.19 "The Maithilī, fallen from her home, from her kingdom, from Rāma's side — what wrong has she done you that you wish to slay her?"

6.68.20 "Having slain Sītā, you shall not live long by any means — by this deed worthy of death you have indeed come into my hands."

6.68.21 "And the worlds that await slayers of women — those loathsome worlds condemned by all — those shall you attain, having relinquished life here and gone to the hereafter."

6.68.22 Saying this, Hanūmān, surrounded by armed monkeys, charged in great fury toward the son of the lord of rākṣasas.

6.68.23 That host of terrible-swift rākṣasas checked the charging army of forest-dwellers, that host of mighty valour.

6.68.24 Having troubled the monkey-army with a thousand arrows, Indrajit then addressed Hanūmān, that foremost of monkeys:

6.68.25 "The Vaidehī — for whose sake Sugrīva, you yourself, and Rāma have come here — her I shall slay today, even as you watch."

6.68.26 "After slaying her, I shall then slay Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa, you, O monkey, Sugrīva, and that ignoble Vibhīṣaṇa."

6.68.27 "As for what you say, O leaping one — 'women must not be slain' — whatever would cause pain to one's enemies, that is what must be done."

6.68.28 Having spoken thus, Indrajit then personally struck that weeping illusory Sītā with his sharp-edged sword.

6.68.29 Cut by him along the line of the sacred thread, that wretched woman of broad hips, fair to behold, fell to the earth.

6.68.30 Having slain that woman, Indrajit said to Hanūmān: "Look — she has been struck down by me in anger before your very eyes, this one who was Rāma's."

6.68.31 Then Indrajit, having slain her personally with his great sword, mounted his chariot in delight and let out a mighty roar.

6.68.32 The monkeys stationed nearby heard that roar — the roar of one with gaping mouth, who had taken refuge in that stronghold.

6.68.33 That evil-minded son of Rāvaṇa, having thus slain Sītā, became joyful at heart; seeing him exultant in aspect, the monkeys became crestfallen in appearance and fled in all directions.

6.69.1 Hearing that terrible roar, equal in sound to Indra's thunderbolt, the bull-like monkeys gazed in all directions and fled.

6.69.2 Then Hanūmān, son of the Wind, spoke to all of them — their faces downcast, miserable, frightened, scattering in different directions:

6.69.3 "Why do you flee with downcast faces, O leaping monkeys, your ardour for battle abandoned? Where has your heroism gone?"

6.69.4 "Follow behind me as I go forward in battle — it is not fitting for those of heroic lineage to turn back."

6.69.5 Thus addressed by the wise son of the Wind, greatly enraged and with gladdened hearts, they seized mountain peaks and trees.

6.69.6 Those bull-like monkeys charged at the rākṣasas roaring, and surrounding Hanūmān they followed him in the great battle.

6.69.7 Hanūmān, encircled on all sides by those foremost monkeys, blazed like a fire with flames and burned the enemy's army.

6.69.8 That mighty great monkey, surrounded by the monkey army and resembling Yama the lord of death at the end of an age, wrought slaughter among the rākṣasas.

6.69.9 That great monkey Hanūmān, seized by grief and rage alike, hurled a great boulder at the chariot of the son of Rāvaṇa.

6.69.10 Seeing it hurtling down, the chariot — fitted with well-trained horses and its charioteer — was at once driven far away.

6.69.11 Not reaching Indrajit along with his chariot and charioteer, that boulder — raised in vain — split the earth and entered the ground.

6.69.12 When the boulder fell, the rākṣasa army was shaken; the forest-dwellers charged at them by the hundreds, roaring.

6.69.13 Those monkeys of massive bodies and terrible prowess, aroused, hurled trees and mountain peaks into the midst of the enemy.

6.69.14 Those night-wanderers of dreadful form, struck with force by those mighty-valorous monkeys with their trees, writhed on the battle-ground.

6.69.15 Seeing his own army tormented by the monkeys, Indrajit took up his weapons and in fury turned to face the enemy.

6.69.16 Releasing torrents of arrows, surrounded by his own army and displaying his valour, he slew very many of those tiger-monkeys.

6.69.17 The monkeys in turn slew his attendants in battle with spears, thunderbolt-weapons, swords, broad blades, and blunt iron clubs.

6.69.18 With śāla trees bearing their branches and boughs, and with boulders, the mighty Hanūmān wrought carnage among those rākṣasas of terrible deeds.

6.69.19 Checking the enemy's army, Hanūmān spoke to those forest-dwellers: "Turn back — this force cannot be overcome by us."

6.69.20 "We who fight abandoning our lives, wishing to do what is dear to Rāma — the daughter of Janaka for whose sake we fight has been slain."

6.69.21 "Having reported this matter to Rāma and to Sugrīva, we shall do whatever those two shall determine in response."

6.69.22 Having spoken thus, that foremost of monkeys, restraining all the monkeys, withdrew slowly and deliberately, unafraid, with his forces.

6.69.23 Seeing Hanūmān departing toward where Rāghava was, Indrajit repaired to Nikumbhilā and poured oblations into the fire.

6.69.24 Upon the sacrificial ground, the fire blazed up, ritually invoked by that rākṣasa, consuming the oblation of blood.

6.69.25 That flame, dense and radiant, was seen — satiated by the blood-oblation — rising up, that fierce fire, like the sun arrived at the twilight.

6.69.26 Then Indrajit, for the welfare of the rākṣasas, offered the oblation according to rule and ordinance; and seeing this, those rākṣasas took their stations in great multitudes — those who knew the rites of sound and unsound sacrifice.

6.70.1 Rāghava too, upon hearing that vast tumult of battle from the forest-dwelling rākṣasas, then spoke to Jāmbavān.

6.70.2 "Surely, gentle one, Hanūmān has performed a deed most difficult to accomplish, for that fearful, immense clash of weapons is heard even here.

6.70.3 Therefore go, lord of bears, surrounded by your own army, and render swift aid to that foremost of monkeys while he fights."

6.70.4 The king of bears, saying "so be it," surrounded by his own forces, went to the western gate where the monkey Hanūmān was.

6.70.5 Then the lord of bears saw, on the road, Hanūmān coming, surrounded by monkeys who had been fighting and were now panting with exhaustion.

6.70.6 Seeing on the road both Hanūmān and that upraised bear-army, dark as a rain-cloud and fearsome, he checked his advance and turned back.

6.70.7 He of great renown, having quickly come into the presence of that monkey-army, spoke these words to Rāma in grief:

6.70.8 "Even as we were fighting in battle and looking on, Indrajit, son of Rāvaṇa, slew Sītā who was weeping."

6.70.9 "Seeing her, O subduer of foes, my mind was overcome with agitation and I fell into despair; therefore I have come to inform you of this event."

6.70.10 Hearing those words of his, Rāghava fainted with grief and fell then to the ground like a tree whose roots have been severed.

6.70.11 Seeing Rāghava, resplendent as a god, fallen upon the ground, the foremost monkeys leaped forward and rushed to him from all sides.

6.70.12 They sprinkled him with water fragrant with lotuses and blue water-lilies, as he blazed with an unbearable anguish, suddenly arisen like fire.

6.70.13 Then Lakṣmaṇa, deeply grieved, embraced him with both arms and spoke to the unwell Rāma words full of reason and import:

6.70.14 "You who walk on the auspicious path and have mastered your senses like a noble man — dharma that is ineffectual cannot protect you from misfortunes.

6.70.15 "The existence of beings, both stationary and moving, is plainly perceived; but dharma is not so manifest — therefore in my view it does not exist.

6.70.16 "Just as the stationary and the moving are plainly seen, this matter is not equally apt — for one such as you should not meet with calamity.

6.70.17 "If adharma were truly existent, Rāvaṇa would go to hell; and you, endowed with dharma, would not thus suffer this misfortune.

6.70.18 "But since he knows no affliction while affliction has come to you, one must conclude from dharma that there is dharma and from adharma, adharma.

6.70.19 "If those who delight in adharma were bound by dharma, then dharma would indeed come to those who practise dharma, and such would be their fruit.

6.70.20 "Since wealth increases in those in whom adharma is established, while those of virtuous conduct are afflicted, both dharma and adharma are therefore without purpose.

6.70.21 "If evildoers are slain by adharma, O Rāghava, then dharma, itself slain by the act of slaying, is destroyed — whom then can it slay?

6.70.22 "Or if he is slain or slays another by divine ordinance, then fate is implicated in it and is not tainted by that sinful act.

6.70.23 "With dharma that is unseen in its recompense, unmanifest, both real and unreal — how, O crusher of enemies, can the highest be attained through it?

6.70.24 "If the real existed, O foremost of the righteous, nothing unreal would touch you; since you have met with such a thing, the real therefore does not hold.

6.70.25 "Or perhaps dharma is feeble and impotent, following in the wake of strength; the feeble, with its dignity stripped away, is not to be served — such is my view.

6.70.26 "If dharma is but an attribute of strength and valour, then abandon dharma and act — in strength as in dharma.

6.70.27 "If dharma is indeed truthfulness in speech, O scorcher of enemies, then why did you not restrain your father when he was cruel and untrue to you?

6.70.28 "If dharma truly existed, O scorcher of foes, or adharma — Vajrī who wields the thunderbolt would not have performed the hundred-sacrifice after slaying a sage.

6.70.29 "Dharma rooted in adharma destroys, O Rāghava; all this, O Kākutstha, a man does as he pleases.

6.70.30 "Such is my view, dear one — this is dharma — O Rāghava, when you renounced the kingdom you severed the very root of dharma.

6.70.31 "For from wealth that grows and multiplies on all sides, all undertakings proceed, as rivers flow from mountains.

6.70.32 "For the man bereft of wealth, whose energy is slight, all his undertakings are cut off, as a stream dries in summer.

6.70.33 "Thus he who, desiring pleasure and having been raised in comfort, abandons wealth, begins to do evil — and so fault sets in.

6.70.34 "He who has wealth has friends; he who has wealth has kinsmen; he who has wealth is a man in this world; he who has wealth is the learned one.

6.70.35 "He who has wealth is the heroic one; he who has wealth is the wise one; he who has wealth is the greatly fortunate; he who has wealth possesses great virtues.

6.70.36 "These faults of abandoning wealth have been declared by me — O hero, it was with such reasoning that you resolved to renounce the kingdom.

6.70.37 "For him who has wealth, dharma, desire, and wealth all revolve auspiciously around him; for one who is without wealth and yet seeks wealth, wealth cannot be gathered.

6.70.38 "Joy, desire, pride, dharma, anger, tranquillity, self-restraint — all these, O lord of men, proceed from wealth.

6.70.39 "For those who walk in dharma's path, this world perishes — those resources are not visible in you, as planets are invisible on stormy days.

6.70.40 "O hero, when you went into exile and abided by your father's word, your wife — dearer to you than life — was carried off by a rākṣasa.

6.70.41 "Therefore today, O hero, I shall remove by my deeds this great sorrow caused by Indrajit — so arise, O Rāghava.

6.70.42 "O sinless one, enraged for your sake, having witnessed the slaying of Janaka's daughter, I shall fiercely pierce Laṅkā with arrows — together with its cavalry, elephants, chariots, and all the rākṣasa lords."

6.71.1 While Lakṣmaṇa, devoted to his brother, was thus consoling Rāma, having posted sentinels at their proper stations, Vibhīṣaṇa arrived there.

6.71.2 He was attended by four counsellors, heroes armed with diverse weapons, resembling the bull-leader of a herd of elephants dark as a mass of collyrium.

6.71.3 Approaching, he saw the great-souled Rāghava languishing in sorrow, and the monkeys too with eyes clouded by tears.

6.71.4 He saw the great-souled Rāghava, delight of the Ikṣvāku lineage, overcome by bewilderment and resting in Lakṣmaṇa's lap.

6.71.5 Seeing Rāma ashamed and tormented by sorrow, Vibhīṣaṇa, his spirit dejected with inner pain, said, "What is this?"

6.71.6 Seeing Vibhīṣaṇa's face and Sugrīva and those monkeys, Lakṣmaṇa spoke these words, his voice choked with tears:

6.71.7 "Hearing, gentle one, from Hanūmān's report that Sītā had been slain by Indrajit, Rāghava straightway fell into a swoon."

6.71.8 Restraining Saumitri as he was speaking, Vibhīṣaṇa spoke these words of weighty import to the unconscious Rāma:

6.71.9 "What has been told to you by Hanūmān in the form of news fit for a lord of men — that I deem impossible, like the drying up of the ocean.

6.71.10 "I know the intention of the evil-souled Rāvaṇa regarding Sītā, O mighty-armed one — he will not bring about her killing.

6.71.11 "Though implored again and again by me, who sought his welfare, saying 'Release the princess of Videha,' he did not heed that counsel.

6.71.12 "She cannot be seen by conciliation, nor by sowing dissension, nor by bribery — far less by force of arms, nor by any other means whatsoever.

6.71.13 "That rākṣasa, having deluded the monkeys, has returned to the shrine called Nikumbhilā, where he will perform his oblation.

6.71.14 "For if he completes the oblation, this son of Rāvaṇa becomes invincible in battle even by the gods together with Vāsava.

6.71.15 "Surely this illusion was deployed by him — ever seeking to obstruct — to confound the valour of the monkeys, dear one. Let us go there with our armies before it is completed."

6.71.16 "Abandon, O tiger among men, this false anguish that has come upon you — for all the army is being crushed, seeing you wasted away by grief.

6.71.17 "Stay here with a serene heart, raised up in spirit; send Lakṣmaṇa with us who will draw the armies along.

6.71.18 "This tiger among men will, with sharp arrows, cause Rāvaṇa's son to abandon his rite — and thereafter he will be fit to be slain.

6.71.19 "His arrows, sharpened and keen, with feathers of wings, shafts of reeds, and horse-like fleetness, terrible as flying birds, shall drink blood.

6.71.20 "Therefore, O mighty-armed one, dispatch Lakṣmaṇa of auspicious marks for the destruction of that rākṣasa, as the thunderbolt-wielder hurls his thunderbolt.

6.71.21 "O foremost of men, there is no delay of the right moment when the slaying of the enemy is within reach — what you are able to do today, release the arrow-flight for the enemy's destruction, as great Indra smashed the demon's citadel."

6.71.22 "For when that lord of rākṣasas completes his rite he becomes invisible in battle even to gods and demons; if one were to fight with him after he has completed the rite, there would be great uncertainty even for the gods."

6.72.1 Hearing those words of his, Rāghava, wasted by grief, did not clearly comprehend what had been said by that rākṣasa.

6.72.2 Then Rāma, conqueror of enemy cities, steadying himself with composure, spoke to Vibhīṣaṇa who sat beside him, in the presence of the monkeys:

6.72.3 "O lord of the Nairṛtas, Vibhīṣaṇa, what you have said — I wish to hear it again; speak what you intend to say."

6.72.4 Hearing Rāghava's words, Vibhīṣaṇa, skilled in speech, once more spoke these words:

6.72.5 "O mighty-armed one, the stationing of the outposts as commanded by you, O hero, was carried out immediately after your order.

6.72.6 "All those divisions have been deployed on all sides, and the troop-commanders have been posted in proper order according to their assigned positions.

6.72.7 "But there is something more I must report — hear it, O greatly renowned one: with you tormented without cause, we are tormented in our hearts.

6.72.8 "Abandon, O king, this sorrow, this false anguish that has come upon you — let this anxiety be cast off, for it increases the enemy's joy.

6.72.9 "Let effort be made, O hero; let courage be cultivated — if Sītā is to be regained and the night-wanderers are to be slain.

6.72.10 "O joy of the Raghus, I shall speak — hear my beneficial words: let Saumitri go, attended by a great army, to Nikumbhilā, to slay Rāvaṇa's son in battle.

6.72.11 "That great archer, victor in battle, to slay Rāvaṇa's son with arrows released from the arc of the bow, venomous as the poison of a serpent.

6.72.12 "By that hero through his austerities and by boon from the Self-born, the Brahmaśiras weapon was obtained, as well as horses that go wherever desired.

6.72.13 "'The enemy who slays you, O enemy of Indra, before you have reached Nikumbhilā and before you have offered into the fire — that is your death' — thus, O king, the death of that wise one has been ordained.

6.72.14 "O Rāma, dispatch that mighty one for the slaying of Indrajit; with him slain, know that Rāvaṇa is slain together with his kinsmen."

6.72.15 Having heard Vibhīṣaṇa's words, Rāma then spoke: "I know the illusion of that terrible one, O you whose valour is truth.

6.72.16 "He is skilled in the Brahmā-weapon, wise, a great master of illusion, of great strength — in battle he renders even the gods together with Varuṇa unconscious.

6.72.17 "Of him moving through the sky in his chariot, O greatly renowned one, the course is not known, as the sun's course is unknown in a confluence of clouds.

6.72.18 But Rāghava, having understood the illusory power of that evil-souled enemy, spoke these words to Lakṣmaṇa endowed with glory:

6.72.19 "Surrounded by all of the monkey-king's forces, together with the troop-commanders headed by Hanūmān, O Lakṣmaṇa,

6.72.20 "surrounded by the army together with Jāmbavān, the lord of bears — slay that son of the rākṣasa, skilled in the power of illusion.

6.72.21 "This great-souled night-wanderer, who knows that terrain, will follow at your back together with his counsellors."

6.72.22 Hearing Rāghava's words, Lakṣmaṇa of fierce valour, together with Vibhīṣaṇa, took up another supreme bow.

6.72.23 Girded, clad in armour, bearing a sword, equipped with arrows, holding a golden bow, Saumitri touched Rāma's feet and spoke with delight:

6.72.24 "Today arrows loosed from my bow, piercing through Rāvaṇa's son, shall swoop upon Laṅkā as geese swoop upon a lotus-lake.

6.72.25 "This very day my arrows, released from the string of the great bow and slaying that terrible one, shall scatter his body."

6.72.26 Having thus spoken these words before his glorious brother, Lakṣmaṇa, eager for the slaying of Rāvaṇa's son, departed swiftly.

6.72.27 Having paid reverence to his elder's feet and circumambulated him, he marched to Nikumbhilā, the shrine guarded by Rāvaṇa's son.

6.72.28 The royal prince Lakṣmaṇa of great majesty, accompanied by Vibhīṣaṇa, having received his brother's blessing, went forth swiftly.

6.72.29 Hanūmān, surrounded by many thousands of monkeys, and Vibhīṣaṇa with his ministers, then followed after Lakṣmaṇa.

6.72.30 Swiftly surrounded by the great monkey-army, he also beheld on the road the forces of the king of bears standing arrayed.

6.72.31 Saumitri, delight of his friend, having traversed a great distance of road, saw from afar the army of the rākṣasa-lord drawn up in battle array.

6.72.32 He, bow in hand, arriving at the site of the illusion-rite, O subduer of foes, stood firm in accordance with the Brahman procedure, in order to conquer — that joy of the Raghu line.

6.72.33 He entered that army of enemies — blazing with the radiance of diverse immaculate weapons, dense with banners, vast with great charioteers, most terrifying, of immeasurable speed — like darkness.

6.73.1 Then, in that situation, the younger brother of Rāvaṇa [Vibhīṣaṇa] spoke to Lakṣmaṇa words that were purposeful and harmful to the enemy.

6.73.2 "Strive, O Lakṣmaṇa, to break through this great army — when it is broken, the son of the lord of rākṣasas will become visible here."

6.73.3 "Therefore, showering the foes with arrows like unto Indra's thunderbolts, charge swiftly until this task is accomplished."

6.73.4 "Slay Rāvaṇi — that wicked hero, that master of illusion, that unrighteous one of cruel deeds, the terror of all the worlds."

6.73.5 Having heard Vibhīṣaṇa's words, Lakṣmaṇa of auspicious marks poured down showers of arrows against the son of the lord of rākṣasas.

6.73.6 Bears and monkeys too, those foremost fighters with trees and boulders, charged together against that standing army.

6.73.7 And the rākṣasas, eager to slay the monkey army, came on with sharp arrows, swords, śaktis, and raised tomaras.

6.73.8 That tumultuous clash between the monkeys and rākṣasas arose, reverberating Laṅkā on all sides with a great roar.

6.73.9 The sky was filled with weapons of many forms, with sharp arrows, uprooted trees, and dreadful mountain peaks raised aloft.

6.73.10 Those rākṣasas with distorted faces and arms, driving their weapons into the monkeys, caused them very great terror.

6.73.11 Likewise the monkeys, with whole trees and mountain peaks, struck and smote the foremost rākṣasas in battle.

6.73.12 As the rākṣasas were being slaughtered by those great-bodied, mighty-armed chiefs of bears and monkeys, a great fear arose among them.

6.73.13 But hearing that his own army was distressed and afflicted by the enemy, the invincible one arose, that task yet unaccomplished.

6.73.14 Emerging from the darkness of the trees, that rākṣasa Rāvaṇi, filled with fury, mounted a chariot already yoked and ready.

6.73.15 He with his dreadful bow and arrows, resembling a mass of black collyrium, with red mouth and red eyes, cruel, shone like Death himself, the Ender.

6.73.16 And upon seeing him stationed in his chariot, that army of rākṣasas of fearful speed, eager to fight with Lakṣmaṇa, rallied about.

6.73.17 At that moment Hanūmān, the subduer of enemies, resembling a bearer of the earth, raising an enormous tree that was very hard to face —

6.73.18 — that monkey, like the fire of dissolution scorching the rākṣasas' army, rendered it insensible in battle with blow after blow of trees.

6.73.19 Seeing the son of the Wind-god destroying them with speed, thousands of rākṣasas showered down upon Hanūmān.

6.73.20 Those bearing sharp tridents with their tridents, those with swords in hand with their swords, those holding śaktis with their śaktis, those armed with paṭṭasas with their paṭṭasas —

6.73.21 — and with iron clubs, maces, and fine-looking lances, and with hundreds of śataghnīs and iron hammers —

6.73.22 — and with dreadful axes and bhiṇḍipālas, and with fists swift as thunderbolts and palms like lightning-bolts, those rākṣasas struck him.

6.73.23 Closing in from all sides they struck the one who resembled a mountain; and upon them too, in great fury, he wrought terrible carnage.

6.73.24 Indrajit beheld the best of monkeys, the son of the Wind, steadfast as a mountain, slaying enemies and routing foes.

6.73.25 He said to his charioteer: "Drive to where that monkey is — ignored, he would bring utter destruction upon us rākṣasas."

6.73.26 Thus addressed by him, the charioteer drove to where Māruti stood, bearing the supremely invincible Indrajit in the chariot.

6.73.27 That invincible rākṣasa, coming close, rained down upon the monkey's head arrows, swords, paṭṭasas, blades, and battle-axes.

6.73.28 Receiving those dreadful weapons, Māruti, blazing with great rage, spoke these words indeed.

6.73.29 "Fight, if you are a hero, O son of Rāvaṇa, O fool! Having come against the son of the Wind, you shall not return alive."

6.73.30 "Fight with your bare arms if you desire single combat with me in battle — bear my speed, O dim-wit! Then you would indeed be the foremost among rākṣasas."

6.73.31 Vibhīṣaṇa pointed out to Lakṣmaṇa the son of Rāvaṇa, intent on killing Hanūmān and with his bow raised.

6.73.32 "He who conquered Vāsava [Indra], the very son born of Rāvaṇa himself — that one has mounted his chariot and seeks to kill Hanūmān."

6.73.33 "Slay Rāvaṇi, O son of Sumitrā, with arrows of incomparable form, enemy-rending, life-ending, and dreadful."

6.73.34 Thus spoken to then by the great-souled Vibhīṣaṇa, who is terror to foes, he beheld Rāvaṇi stationed in his chariot — that one resembling a mountain, of fearful power, hard to approach.

6.74.1 Having thus addressed the son of Sumitrā, the joyful Vibhīṣaṇa, taking him who had his bow in hand, went in haste.

6.74.2 Going not far from there and entering the great forest, Vibhīṣaṇa revealed that act to Lakṣmaṇa.

6.74.3 The brother of Rāvaṇa, full of radiance, pointed out to Lakṣmaṇa a banyan tree resembling a dark rain-cloud, terrible to behold.

6.74.4 "Here the mighty son of Rāvaṇa offers oblations to the spirits, and thereafter advances to battle."

6.74.5 "After that, the rākṣasa becomes invisible to all beings; he slays enemies in battle and binds them with excellent arrows."

6.74.6 "Before the mighty son of Rāvaṇa enters the banyan tree, destroy him together with his chariot, horses, and charioteer, with sharp arrows."

6.74.7 Saying "So be it," the great-spirited son of Sumitrā, the delight of his friends, stood there twanging his wonderful bow.

6.74.8 Then the mighty son of Rāvaṇa, Indrajit, became visible there in his chariot the colour of fire, clad in armour, bearing a sword, with his banner raised.

6.74.9 The great-spirited one spoke to that undefeated descendant of Pulastya: "I challenge you in battle — give me a proper fight!"

6.74.10 Thus addressed, the great-spirited and noble son of Rāvaṇa spoke harsh words there, having seen Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.74.11 "You were born and raised here; you are in truth the brother of my father — how can you work against your nephew's son, O rākṣasa? You are my uncle!"

6.74.12 "Kinship is no authority for you, nor friendship, nor birth, nor brotherhood, nor dharma — O defiler of dharma, O fool!"

6.74.13 "You are pitiable, O fool, and censured by the righteous — you who, abandoning your own kin, have come to serve others."

6.74.14 "With your slack intellect you do not know the great difference — what a thing it is to dwell with one's own kin, and what a thing to take refuge with the base!"

6.74.15 "Whether the stranger be virtuous or one's own kin be without virtue, a kinsman without virtue is still better — for a stranger is a stranger indeed."

6.74.16 "And this pitilessness of yours, O night-wanderer, O younger brother of Rāvaṇa — that you can speak harshly against your own kind!"

6.74.17 Thus addressed by his brother's son, Vibhīṣaṇa replied: "As if unknowing of my character — why do you boast, O rākṣasa?"

6.74.18 "O son of the lord of rākṣasas, O wicked one — abandon harshness out of respect. Though I was born in a lineage of rākṣasas of cruel deeds, this is indeed the first virtue of men; and therefore my character is free of rākṣasa-nature."

6.74.19 "I do not delight in cruelty; I do not delight in unrighteousness. How can a brother be abandoned because of a brother's uneven conduct?"

6.74.20 "The seizure of others' wealth, the violation of others' wives, and excessive suspicion of friends — these three faults bring ruin."

6.74.21 "The dreadful slaughter of great seers, conflict with all the gods, arrogance, anger, making enemies, and contrariness —"

6.74.22 "— these faults of my brother, which destroy life and sovereignty, have covered over his virtues as rain-clouds cover the mountains."

6.74.23 "Because of these faults I have abandoned the brother who is your father. This city of Laṅkā is nothing, and neither are you, nor is your father."

6.74.24 "You are arrogant, immature, and ill-bred, O rākṣasa; you are bound by the noose of Time — say to me whatever you wish."

6.74.25 "Today disaster has come upon you — what more will you say here? You will not be able to enter the banyan tree, O vilest of rākṣasas."

6.74.26 "Having offended the two descendants of Kākutstha, you cannot live. Fight in battle with the god among men, Lakṣmaṇa; slain, you will serve the gods' purpose in Yama's realm."

6.74.27 "Show your own strength, fully roused; expend all your weapons and arrows. Having come within range of Lakṣmaṇa's arrows today, you and your forces shall not go away alive."

6.75.1 Having heard Vibhīṣaṇa's words, Rāvaṇi, stupefied with fury, spoke harsh words and leaped forward with speed.

6.75.2 Standing in the great, well-adorned chariot yoked with black horses, his weapon and sword raised, he resembled Death, the Ender, in his wrath.

6.75.3 Taking up his great-sized, broad, swift, strong, and dreadful bow, and grasping arrows that destroy enemies —

6.75.4 — he, filled with fury, addressed the son of Sumitrā along with Vibhīṣaṇa and those tiger-like monkeys: "Witness my prowess!"

6.75.5 "Today in battle will you ward off the shower of arrows loosed from my bow — hard to face, like rain released into the sky?"

6.75.6 "Today my arrows, issuing from my great bow, will scatter your limbs as fire does a heap of cotton."

6.75.7 "Pierced by sharp arrows, by tridents, śaktis, ṛṣṭis, and tomaras, I will today send you all to Yama's abode."

6.75.8 "Who will stand before me in battle as I rain down showers of arrows with my swift hand, roaring like a rain-cloud?"

6.75.9 Hearing that roar of the lord of rākṣasas, Lakṣmaṇa then with fearless face, filled with anger, spoke these words to Rāvaṇi.

6.75.10 "You have spoken of the far shore of deeds as hard to reach, O rākṣasa; but he is the wise one who reaches the far shore of deeds by action itself."

6.75.11 "You, who fall short of the goal, having spoken words about a purpose hard for anyone to attain, consider yourself accomplished — O fool!"

6.75.12 "The way you practised in battle back then — going invisible — that is the path followed by thieves; it is not the path heroes follow."

6.75.13 "Even as I stand here within range of your arrows, O rākṣasa — reveal that power today. Why do you boast only with words?"

6.75.14 Thus addressed, the mighty Indrajit, grasping his dreadful bow, released sharp arrows, victorious in battle.

6.75.15 Those arrows, released with great speed, equal to serpent-venom, reached Lakṣmaṇa and fell upon him as if hissing like snakes.

6.75.16 The swift son of Rāvaṇa, Indrajit, pierced in battle with arrows of very great speed the auspiciously-marked son of Sumitrā.

6.75.17 His limbs deeply pierced by arrows and drenched in blood, the glorious Lakṣmaṇa shone like a smokeless fire.

6.75.18 Indrajit, observing his own feat and exulting in it, let out a very great roar and spoke these words.

6.75.19 "These feathered, keen-edged arrows released from my bow, life-ending, will take your life today, O son of Sumitrā!"

6.75.20 "Today let the packs of jackals, the flocks of hawks, and the vultures descend upon you, O Lakṣmaṇa — lifeless, slain by me!"

6.75.21 "Rāma, ever noble, a mere kshatriya-aspirant, of utterly confused mind, will today see you his devoted brother — slain by me!"

6.75.22 "Your armour shattered, your bow cast aside on the ground, your head severed, O son of Sumitrā — today I shall slay you!"

6.75.23 As the son of Rāvaṇa spoke thus, furious and harsh, Lakṣmaṇa replied to him with words exceedingly reasoned.

6.75.24 "Without accomplishing the deed, why do you boast here, O rākṣasa? Do that deed by which I would believe your boasting."

6.75.25 "Without speaking a single harsh word, without belittling you, without boasting, I will slay you — watch, O devourer of men!"

6.75.26 Having spoken thus, Lakṣmaṇa drove five iron-tipped arrows, drawn to his ear and of great velocity, deep into the rākṣasa's chest.

6.75.27 Struck by those arrows, the son of Rāvaṇa, filled with rage, pierced Lakṣmaṇa in return with three well-aimed arrows.

6.75.28 There arose a most dreadful and tumultuous combat in battle between those two lions — the man and the rākṣasa — each seeking to slay the other.

6.75.29 Both were possessed of great strength, both were endowed with valour, both were supremely courageous, and both were skilled in all weapons and missiles.

6.75.30 Both supremely hard to conquer, both of incomparable strength and splendour, those two great heroes fought like two planets colliding in the sky.

6.75.31 Like Bala and Vṛtra, those two great-souled ones, truly invincible in battle, fought like two lions.

6.75.32 Releasing many torrents of arrows as they stood firm, those two lions — the man and the rākṣasa — fought with great exhilaration.

6.75.33 Greatly exhilarated, those two foremost beings — man and rākṣasa — each seeking victory, bearing arrows and bows, rained heavily upon each other with floods of arrows, like two rain-clouds.

6.76.1 Then the son of Daśaratha, crusher of enemies, fitted an arrow to his bow and discharged it at the lord of rākṣasas, hissing in rage like a serpent.

6.76.2 Hearing that twang of the bowstring, the son of Rāvaṇa turned pale in the face and stared at Lakṣmaṇa.

6.76.3 Seeing the rākṣasa, son of Rāvaṇa, with downcast face, Vibhīṣaṇa addressed Saumitri who was intent on battle.

6.76.4 "I observe the omens in this son of Rāvaṇa — hasten, O mighty-armed one; this one is broken, without doubt."

6.76.5 Then Saumitri fitted sharp arrows resembling flames of fire and released them all at him, each blazing with venom as it were.

6.76.6 Struck by Lakṣmaṇa's arrows, whose impact equalled Indra's thunderbolt, he became bewildered for a moment, all his senses convulsed.

6.76.7 Regaining consciousness after a moment, his senses restored, the hero beheld the hero, the son of Daśaratha, standing firm before him.

6.76.8 His eyes red with fury, he charged at Saumitri, and approaching him, spoke harsh words once again.

6.76.9 "Do you not remember my valor in that earlier battle, when you and your brother lay bound, writhing on the field?"

6.76.10 "Both of you in that great battle were struck down to the earth first by arrows equal to Indra's thunderbolt, lying unconscious together with your vanguard."

6.76.11 "Either you have no memory of it, I think, or you clearly wish to go to the abode of Yama, since you desire to challenge me."

6.76.12 "If you did not witness my valor in the first battle, today I shall show it to you — stand firm now, resolute!"

6.76.13 Having spoken thus, he pierced Lakṣmaṇa with seven arrows, and Hanūmant with ten excellent keen-edged shafts.

6.76.14 Then the valiant one, his fury doubled by wrath, pierced Vibhīṣaṇa with a hundred well-aimed arrows.

6.76.15 Seeing that act of Indrajit accomplished, Rāma's younger brother then, giving it no thought, laughed and declared: "This is nothing."

6.76.16 That bull among men, Lakṣmaṇa, undaunted of countenance and furious, drew and released terrible arrows at Rāvaṇi in battle.

6.76.17 "Heroes who have entered battle do not strike in this fashion, O night-wanderer — these arrows of yours are light, feeble in power, and easily endured."

6.76.18 "Heroes who aspire to victory in battle do not fight in such a manner." Saying this to him, Lakṣmaṇa covered him with a shower of arrows.

6.76.19 His gold-adorned armor, shattered by those arrows, crumbled onto the floor of the chariot like a net of stars falling from the sky.

6.76.20 His armor stripped by the iron shafts, his body covered with wounds, the valiant Indrajit in battle resembled a mountain overgrown with flowering plants.

6.76.21 Hissing repeatedly, they fought a tumultuous fight; the limbs of each were cut all over by arrows, and both were drenched in blood on every side.

6.76.22 Those two foremost knowers of weapons, displaying their missiles again and again, wove arrows of every shape and form into nets across the sky.

6.76.23 Shooting with flawless precision, swiftly and with wonderful skill, the two — man and rākṣasa — made a tumultuous and terrible combat.

6.76.24 From those two, one after the other, a dreadful clap of palms upon bows was heard — like two terrifying clouds thundering in the sky.

6.76.25 The gold-feathered arrows that fell upon their bodies in the fight, smeared with blood, flew out and sank into the earth.

6.76.26 With other sharpened weapons they clashed in the sky; their arrows shattered and split each other by the thousands.

6.76.27 That terrible pile of arrows heaped in the battle between them was like a pile of sacrificial kuśa grass kindled by two blazing fires.

6.76.28 The wound-covered bodies of those two great-souled warriors shone beautifully, like leafless but flowering śalmali and kuṃśuka trees in the forest.

6.76.29 Indrajit and Lakṣmaṇa, each desiring victory over the other, made a tumultuous and terrible clash again and again.

6.76.30 Lakṣmaṇa striking Rāvaṇi in battle, and Rāvaṇi striking Lakṣmaṇa — the two of them, smiting each other, felt no fatigue.

6.76.31 With networks of arrows lodged deep in their bodies, those two swift great warriors shone like two mountains overgrown with creepers.

6.76.32 All the limbs of those two, soaked in blood and thickly covered with arrows, blazed brilliantly, like fires aflame.

6.76.33 A great span of time passed as they fought, yet neither of them turned away from battle nor experienced fatigue.

6.76.34 Then, to dispel the battle-weariness and render service to the unvanquished Lakṣmaṇa at the fore of the fights, mighty Vibhīṣaṇa came forward and stood at the battlefront.

6.77.1 Seeing those two — the man and the rākṣasa — engaged in combat, that brave brother of Rāvaṇa stood at the head of the battle.

6.77.2 Taking his stand, he drew his great bow and discharged sharp-pointed great arrows at the rākṣasas.

6.77.3 Those arrows, resembling flames, fell with concentrated force and split the rākṣasas asunder, as thunderbolts split great mountains.

6.77.4 Vibhīṣaṇa's attendants too, those foremost rākṣasas, cut down the valiant rākṣasa warriors in battle with spears, swords, and broad-bladed weapons.

6.77.5 Vibhīṣaṇa surrounded by those rākṣasas shone like an elephant in the midst of exultant young elephants.

6.77.6 Then, urging on the monkeys who were eager for battle against the rākṣasas, that foremost of rākṣasas, knowing the right moment, spoke at the right time.

6.77.7 "This one alone stands here like the last refuge of the lord of rākṣasas — this is the remaining force of his army. Why do you lords of monkeys hold back?"

6.77.8 "When this wicked rākṣasa is slain at the head of battle, excluding Rāvaṇa himself, the remainder of his army will be destroyed."

6.77.9 "The valiant Prahasta has been slain, and the mighty Nikumbha, Kumbhakarṇa and Kumbha, and the night-wanderer Dhūmrākṣa —"

6.77.10 "— Akampana and Supārśva, the rākṣasa Cakramālī, Kampana, and those powerful ones Devāntaka and Narāntaka —"

6.77.11 "— having slain these many exceedingly powerful foremost rākṣasas, having crossed the ocean with their arms, let the rest be crossed like a mere cow's hoofprint!"

6.77.12 "This much alone remains for you to conquer here, O monkeys; all those rākṣasas proud of their strength have been slain when they came together."

6.77.13 "It is improper for me to cause the death of my elder brother's son; yet, setting aside compassion, for Rāma's sake I shall slay my brother's child."

6.77.14 "Even as I wish to kill him, tears well up and obstruct my eyes — but the mighty-armed Lakṣmaṇa himself shall settle that. O monkeys, gather together and slay his attendants who are near him!"

6.77.15 Urged on by that greatly renowned rākṣasa, the lords of monkeys rejoiced and brandished their tails.

6.77.16 Then those tiger-like monkeys, shrieking again and again, raised various cries — like peacocks at the sight of clouds.

6.77.17 Jāmbavān too, surrounded by all of them along with his own troops, struck the rākṣasas with rocks, claws, and teeth.

6.77.18 Those mighty rākṣasas, setting aside fear and bearing weapons of many kinds, surrounded the lord of bears as he was striking them down.

6.77.19 With arrows, sharp axes, broad-bladed swords, clubs, and javelins, they struck Jāmbavant in battle as he was smiting the rākṣasa army.

6.77.20 That tumultuous clash between the monkeys and rākṣasas arose, fierce and of great sound, like the terrible roar of the wrathful gods and asuras.

6.77.21 Hanūmant too, blazing with rage, uprooted a sāla tree from the mountain and, rushing forward, made a slaughter of the rākṣasas by the thousands.

6.77.22 Having given tumultuous battle to his paternal uncle Vibhīṣaṇa in the fight, Indrajit rushed again at Lakṣmaṇa, slayer of enemy heroes.

6.77.23 Those two heroes — Lakṣmaṇa and the rākṣasa — fought once again in battle, raining torrents of arrows and striking each other.

6.77.24 Those two mighty and swift ones repeatedly concealed each other with networks of arrows, like the moon and sun in the hot season hidden by clouds.

6.77.25 There was no perceiving the taking up of arrows, nor the fitting of them to the bow, nor the grasping of the bow itself, nor the releasing of shafts, nor the drawing back, nor any pause —

6.77.26 — nor the positioning of the fist, nor the aiming at the target could be seen in those two fighting there, such was the swiftness of their hands.

6.77.27 With nets of arrows launched at great speed from their bows covering the sky on all sides, no forms could be discerned — everything was covered in darkness, vast and all the more terrible.

6.77.28 At that time the wind did not blow, nor did fire blaze; the great sages murmured "may the worlds be safe!" and the gandharvas along with cāraṇas gathered and descended there.

6.77.29 Then Saumitri, with four arrows, pierced the four dark horses of that lion among rākṣasas, who were adorned with gold trappings.

6.77.30 Then with another broad-headed shaft, the glorious scion of the Rāghu line, with swift dexterity, severed the head of the charioteer who was about to drive away.

6.77.31 Seeing the charioteer slain in battle, the son of Rāvaṇa abandoned his battle-fury and was overcome with dejection.

6.77.32 Seeing the rākṣasa with downcast face, the leaders of the monkey troops were supremely jubilant and praised Lakṣmaṇa.

6.77.33 Then Pramāthī, Śarabha, Rabhasa, and Gandhamādana — those four lords of monkeys, unable to tolerate it, sprang into action.

6.77.34 Those monkeys of exceedingly great valor and terrible might leaped up swiftly and fell upon his four foremost horses.

6.77.35 Ridden down by those mountain-like monkeys, blood poured visibly from the mouths of the horses.

6.77.36 They slew his horses and smashed his great chariot, then leaped up again swiftly and stood at Lakṣmaṇa's side.

6.77.37 Rāvaṇi, leaping down from the chariot whose horses were slain and whose charioteer was destroyed, charged at Saumitri with a rain of arrows.

6.77.38 Then Lakṣmaṇa, resembling great Indra himself, repelled with massed shafts that foot-warrior who was discharging keen excellent arrows first — blocking him thoroughly with multitudes of arrows.

6.78.1 That night-wanderer of great splendor, Indrajit, his horses slain, standing on the ground, ablaze with supreme wrath, blazed with his own energy.

6.78.2 Those two bowmen, eagerly desiring to kill each other, came forth with victory as their purpose, like two bull-elephants emerging from a forest.

6.78.3 The rākṣasas and forest-dwelling monkeys, striking each other down, did not abandon their master in battle as they rushed hither and thither.

6.78.4 He, resorting to extreme swiftness, rained showers of arrows upon Lakṣmaṇa as Indra rains showers of rain.

6.78.5 But Lakṣmaṇa, crusher of enemies, without agitation, repelled that shower of arrows released by Indrajit, though it was exceedingly difficult to withstand.

6.78.6 Considering Lakṣmaṇa unpierceable by any weapon, the son of Rāvaṇa, Indrajit, supremely enraged, swiftly displaying his weapon-skill, pierced Lakṣmaṇa on the forehead with three well-feathered arrows.

6.78.7 With those arrows fixed in his forehead, the glorious scion of the Raghu line shone at the forefront of battle, as a mountain with three peaks.

6.78.8 Even so, though afflicted by the rākṣasa's arrows in the great battle, Lakṣmaṇa quickly shot him back with ten arrows.

6.78.9 Lakṣmaṇa and Indrajit, two heroes of mighty strength and bow, of terrible prowess, struck each other with pointed shafts.

6.78.10 Those two bowmen, advancing upon each other, pierced one another all over the body with terrible arrows, both of them resolved upon victory.

6.78.11 At him whose horses were slain, the more enraged Vibhīṣaṇa discharged five shafts upon his chest, equal in impact to the thunderbolt.

6.78.12 Those gold-feathered arrows, aimed true, piercing his body, emerged smeared with blood, red like great serpents.

6.78.13 Incensed at his paternal uncle, the mighty Indrajit, in the midst of the rākṣasas, took up a supreme arrow, bestowed by Yama.

6.78.14 Seeing that great arrow fitted to his bow, Lakṣmaṇa of great splendor and terrible valor took up another arrow of his own.

6.78.15 It was the one personally given by Kubera of immeasurable spirit in a dream — unconquerable, unbearable even by the gods and asuras together with Indra.

6.78.16 Those two excellent arrows, fitted to their excellent bows and being drawn taut by the two heroes, blazed mightily with glory.

6.78.17 Those two shafts, illuminating the sky as they flew from the bows, struck each other face to face and fell down together with force.

6.78.18 Those two, resembling great meteors, colliding with each other in battle, split into a hundred pieces and fell to the ground.

6.78.19 Seeing their arrows deflected at the head of battle, both Lakṣmaṇa and Indrajit were at once abashed and overcome with fresh rage.

6.78.20 Greatly enraged, Saumitri took up the Vāruṇa water-weapon; the great Indrajit, standing firm in battle, discharged the terrible Raudra weapon.

6.78.21 A supremely tumultuous battle ensued between them, resembling a marvel; the beings dwelling in the sky surrounded Lakṣmaṇa on all sides.

6.78.22 In the dreadful battle, frightful with terrifying sounds, between the monkeys and rākṣasas, the sky appeared covered with many astonished beings.

6.78.23 Sages, ancestral spirits, gods, gandharvas, garuḍas, and serpents, placing Śatakratu (Indra) at their head, protected Lakṣmaṇa in battle.

6.78.24 Then the younger brother of Rāvaṇa (Vibhīṣaṇa) fitted another foremost shaft — one whose touch was like the sacred fire, and terrible for the son of Rāvaṇa.

6.78.25 A shaft with beautiful feathers, smooth-bodied, with fine joints, well-formed, wrought with gold — the hero fitted an arrow that would end a life.

6.78.26 Hard to ward off, hard to endure, inspiring fear in the rākṣasas, like the venom of a deadly serpent, honored by the hosts of gods —

6.78.27 — with which the mighty lord Indra, of great splendor, mounted on his bay steeds, had long ago conquered the dānavas in the battle of gods and asuras —

6.78.28 — that Aindra weapon, unconquered in battles, that foremost of shafts — the foremost of men, Saumitri, fitted it to his foremost bow.

6.78.29 Having fitted the enemy-destroying arrow, he drew the strung bow taut — unapproachable, like Time at the dissolution of the worlds.

6.78.30 Having fitted it to the excellent bow and drawing back, the glorious Lakṣmaṇa spoke these words that would accomplish his purpose.

6.78.31 "If Rāma, the son of Daśaratha, is truly righteous in soul and true to his vows, and if he is without rival in valor, then slay this son of Rāvaṇa!"

6.78.32 Having spoken thus, the heroic Lakṣmaṇa, slayer of enemy heroes, drew that straight arrow back to his ear and discharged it at Indrajit, joined with the Aindra weapon.

6.78.33 That head, along with its helmet and its glowing earrings in their glory, was torn from Indrajit's body and fell upon the ground.

6.78.34 The great head of that son of a rākṣasa, severed at the neck, resembling burnished gold, was seen on the ground soaked in blood.

6.78.35 Slain, the son of Rāvaṇa fell swiftly to the earth, clad in his armor, still wearing his head-guard, shattered, bow in hand.

6.78.36 Then all the monkeys together with Vibhīṣaṇa roared aloud, rejoicing at his slaying, as the gods had at the slaying of Vṛtra.

6.78.37 Then in the sky there arose the roar of the beings, of the great-souled sages, and of the gandharvas and apsarases as well.

6.78.38 Recognizing their lord as fallen, that great rākṣasa army, being slaughtered, fled in all directions from the monkeys who now shone with victory.

6.78.39 Slaughtered by the monkeys, those rākṣasas cast away their weapons and ran, all turned toward Laṅkā, their senses lost.

6.78.40 The rākṣasas, terrified, fled by hundreds in every direction, all abandoning their weapons — broad-bladed swords, axes, and halberds.

6.78.41 Some, stricken with panic and tormented by the monkeys, fled into Laṅkā; some fell into the ocean; some took refuge on the mountain.

6.78.42 Seeing Indrajit, who had been the protector in battle, lying slain, not a single one among thousands of rākṣasas was to be seen standing firm.

6.78.43 As the rays of the sun do not remain when the sun has set, so when he had fallen, those rākṣasas dispersed in all directions.

6.78.44 That one of great energy became like the sun with its rays extinguished, like a fire that has been quenched — cast aside, his life departed.

6.78.45 When the son of the lord of rākṣasas had fallen, the world was relieved of its torment in great measure, its enemy destroyed, full of jubilation.

6.78.46 The blessed Indra, together with all the foremost gods, was filled with joy when that rākṣasa of evil deeds was slain.

6.78.47 The waters became pure, and the sky rejoiced; the daityas and dānavas came forth when he who had been a terror to all the worlds had fallen.

6.78.48 And all of them — gods, gandharvas, and dānavas — said together, freed from fever, their impurities calmed: "Let the brāhmaṇas move about freely!"

6.78.49 Then, supremely delighted, the leaders of the monkey troops in battle applauded, seeing that foremost of rākṣasas who was unmatched in strength lying slain.

6.78.50 Vibhīṣaṇa, Hanūmant, and Jāmbavant the lord of the bear troops, felicitating him with victory, also praised Lakṣmaṇa.

6.78.51 The monkeys, shrieking, roaring, and thundering, having accomplished their aim, surrounded and attended upon the son of the Raghu line.

6.78.52 The monkeys, whirling their tails and clapping their hands, then proclaimed these words aloud: "Victory to Lakṣmaṇa!"

6.78.53 The monkeys, joyful at heart, embracing one another, engaged in tales of all kinds of valor rooted in their devotion to Rāghava.

6.78.54 Beholding that difficult feat of Lakṣmaṇa in battle, his beloved companions were filled with joy; and the gods, hearing that the enemy of Indra had been slain, achieved the highest delight of heart.

6.79.1 Lakṣmaṇa, auspiciously marked, his limbs drenched with blood, became joyful having slain Śakrajit in battle.

6.79.2 Then that mighty hero of great splendour, having turned back Jāmbavān, Hanūmant, and all those forest-dwellers,

6.79.3 came quickly to where Sugrīva and Rāghava were — Lakṣmaṇa, leaning on Vibhīṣaṇa and Hanūmant.

6.79.4 Then Saumitri approached Rāma, saluted him, and stood near his brother as Indra's younger brother stands by Indra; and the hero then reported the terrible slaying of Indrajit.

6.79.5 Vibhīṣaṇa, filled with joy, then reported to Rāma the severing of Rāvaṇa's son's head by the great-souled Lakṣmaṇa.

6.79.6 That bull among men seated him on his lap, embraced him warmly, smelled his head, and touching him again and again in haste, spoke words to comfort Lakṣmaṇa.

6.79.7 "A most auspicious deed has been done by you, performer of the most difficult tasks. Today I am made free of enemies. For Rāvaṇa will march forth with a great arrayed force upon hearing that his son has been slain."

6.79.8 "That lord of rākṣasas, scorched by the death of his son, when he sallies forth, I shall slay him — that unconquerable one — surrounding him with a great army."

6.79.9 "With you, Lakṣmaṇa, as my protector, neither Sītā nor the earth is beyond my reach — now that Śakrajit has been slain today in battle."

6.79.10 Having consoled and embraced his brother, Rāghava Rāma, filled with delight, addressed Suṣeṇa and said this:

6.79.11 "This great wise one, Saumitri, dear to his friends, still has arrows in him; treat him so that he fully recovers. Let Saumitri, together with Vibhīṣaṇa, be quickly freed of shafts."

6.79.12 "Also tend to the brave monkey warriors, fighters from trees, and to all others here who fought and remain wounded with arrows — let all of them be carefully made comfortable by you."

6.79.13 Thus addressed by Rāma, the great-souled Suṣeṇa, chief of the monkey troops, caused the supreme medicinal herb to be brought to the nose of Lakṣmaṇa.

6.79.14 Having inhaled its fragrance, Lakṣmaṇa became free of all arrows at once, free of pain, and his wounds were healed.

6.79.15 Then by Rāghava's command, Suṣeṇa treated Vibhīṣaṇa and those allied friends, and all the foremost monkey leaders.

6.79.16 Then, free of arrows, free of pain, restored to his natural state, Saumitri, joyful, was in an instant rid of fever.

6.79.17 Seeing Saumitri rise hale and healthy, Rāma, the king of the leaping monkeys, Vibhīṣaṇa, and Jāmbavān the lord of bears — along with their forces — rejoiced greatly and for a long time.

6.79.18 The great-souled son of Daśaratha honoured Lakṣmaṇa's most extraordinary deed; and the chiefs of the monkey troops became exuberant upon hearing that Śakrajit had been brought down in battle.

6.80.1 Then the ministers of Paulastya, upon hearing that Indrajit was slain, and recognising the event, reported it with anguish to the ten-necked one.

6.80.2 "O great king of great splendour, your son has been slain in battle by Lakṣmaṇa, aided by Vibhīṣaṇa, before our very eyes."

6.80.3 "Your heroic son, never defeated in battles, Vibudhendrajit — meeting hero against hero — has been slain by the hero Lakṣmaṇa."

6.80.4 Hearing that terrifying, dreadful report of his son's cruel slaying — Indrajit's killing in battle — he fell into a great swoon.

6.80.5 After a long time recovering his senses, the king, foremost among rākṣasas, tormented by grief for his son, wretched and his faculties overwhelmed, began to lament.

6.80.6 "Alas, O foremost of rākṣasa armies, my child, great chariot-warrior who had conquered Indra himself — how have you today come under the power of Lakṣmaṇa?"

6.80.7 "Could you not, when enraged, pierce even Yama and Death with your arrows, could you not shatter even the peaks of mount Mandara — how then Lakṣmaṇa in battle?"

6.80.8 "Today the king Vaivasvata is even more honoured by me — he by whom you, O mighty-armed one, have today been united with the law of time."

6.80.9 "This is the path of great warriors even among all the hosts of immortals: the man who is slain for his master's sake attains heaven."

6.80.10 "Today all the hosts of gods, the world-guardians, and the sages will sleep in peace and without fear, having seen Indrajit slain."

6.80.11 "Today the three entire worlds and the earth with all its forests, bereft of Indrajit alone, seem void to me."

6.80.12 "Today I shall hear in the inner apartments the wailing of the rākṣasa women, like the trumpeting of a herd of female elephants in a mountain cave."

6.80.13 "O scorcher of foes, the crown-princeship, Laṅkā, the rākṣasas, your mother, me, and your wife — where have you gone, abandoning us all?"

6.80.14 "O hero, you who have gone to the abode of Yama — the funeral rites must be performed in your name; yet you conduct yourself in the inverse order, for you have preceded me."

6.80.15 "While Sugrīva still lives, and Rāghava with Lakṣmaṇa, you have gone without removing the thorn from my heart — where have you gone, leaving us?"

6.80.16 Rāvaṇa, the lord of rākṣasas, afflicted with laments such as these, was then seized by a great rage born of the calamity of his son's death.

6.80.17 His form, dreadful by nature, now blazing and swollen with the fire of rage, became like the form of Rudra when wrathful — unapproachable.

6.80.18 From his enraged eyes, drops of tears fell — like drops of oil with flames from two burning lamps.

6.80.19 As he gnashed his teeth, the sound of his grinding was heard like that of a great machine being turned by dānavas.

6.80.20 Like the fire of Time when fully enraged, into whichever direction he looked, the rākṣasas there, terrified, crouched and hid themselves.

6.80.21 Like Death himself when wrathful, desirous of devouring the moving and stationary, as he gazed in all directions, no rākṣasa dared approach him.

6.80.22 Then Rāvaṇa, supremely enraged, the lord of rākṣasas, spoke in the midst of the rākṣasas, wishing to rally them for battle:

6.80.23 "Having performed for thousands of years the most difficult austerities in diverse retreats, I satisfied the Self-Born one."

6.80.24 "By the fruit of that very austerity and by the grace of the Self-Born, I have never had fear from asuras or from gods."

6.80.25 "The armour given me by Brahmā, equal in brilliance to the sun, has not been pierced in the conflicts of gods and asuras even by the vajra or the śakti-spear."

6.80.26 "Who today, equipped with that armour and standing on my chariot in this fight, shall face me in battle — even Purandara himself?"

6.80.27 "That great bow along with arrows, given to me by the propitious Self-Born one for use in conflicts of gods and asuras —"

6.80.28 "— let that great and formidable bow be brought forward today with hundreds of drums sounding, for the slaying of Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa in the supreme battle."

6.80.29 That hero, scorched by the death of his son and overcome by rage, Rāvaṇa, after deliberating in his mind, resolved to kill Sītā.

6.80.30 With his copper-red eyes, he looked around and, terrible-visaged, wretched, with a wretched voice, he addressed all those night-wanderers:

6.80.31 "Through my son's illusion, in order to deceive the forest-dwellers, a semblance of slaughter was shown there, and Sītā was shown as if dead."

6.80.32 "Now I shall truly do what pleases me — I shall destroy Vaidehī, who faithfully follows that base kṣatriya." Having said this to his counsellors, he quickly seized his sword.

6.80.33 Drawing it — that sword full of virtues, as bright as the clear sky — he rushed forth swiftly from the assembly hall, surrounded by his counsellors.

6.80.34 Rāvaṇa, his mind greatly agitated by grief for his son, enraged, taking up his sword, rushed to where Maithilī was.

6.80.35 Seeing the rākṣasa striding forward, the rākṣasas roared a lion-roar and, embracing one another, spoke to each other, beholding him in his fury:

6.80.36 "Today those two brothers, seeing him, will be distressed. For the four world-guardians were conquered by this one in his fury, and many other enemies were laid low by him in battles."

6.80.37 While they were thus talking amongst themselves, Rāvaṇa, intoxicated with rage, rushed toward Vaidehī who was in the aśoka grove.

6.80.38 Though restrained by friends of good intent, he charged forward, fully enraged, like a planet seizing Rohiṇī in the sky.

6.80.39 Maithilī, the blameless one, who was being guarded by the rākṣasī women, then saw the rākṣasa, wrathful and bearing a fine sword.

6.80.40 Beholding him sword in hand, the daughter of Janaka was overcome with distress, seeing him who, though restrained many times by friends, would not turn back.

6.80.41 "As this one charges toward me himself, enraged, the evil-minded one will slay me — who has a protector — as if I were without one."

6.80.42 "He urged me many times: 'Be the wife of Rāvaṇa,' urging me who am devoted to my husband — but he was refused by me."

6.80.43 "This one, having clearly reached despair at my non-compliance, is now seized by rage and delusion, and is prepared to kill me."

6.80.44 "Or perhaps those two tiger-like men, the brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, have been struck down today in battle by this ignoble one on account of me. Alas, shame — this destruction of the two princes is on account of me!"

6.80.45 "That word of Hanūmant was not heeded by me in my wretchedness. Had I, blameless one, come then upon his back, I would not be lamenting thus today, seated in my husband's lap as a faithful wife."

6.80.46 "I think the heart of Kausalyā will be fulfilled — when she, who has but one son, hears that her son has perished in battle."

6.80.47 "She, weeping, will recall the birth, childhood, and youth of that great-souled one, and his acts of righteousness and his beauty."

6.80.48 "Without hope, her son slain, having performed the śrāddha rite, senseless, she will surely mount the funeral pyre or enter the waters."

6.80.49 "Shame upon the hunchback, the wicked Mantharā of evil resolve — because of whom Kausalyā will obtain this sorrow."

6.80.50 Thus seeing Maithilī, the wretched one, lamenting — like Rohiṇī separated from the moon and seized by a planet —

6.80.51 — the wise one named Supārśva spoke these words to Rāvaṇa, the lord of rākṣasas, as he was being restrained by the counsellors:

6.80.52 "How is it, O ten-necked one, O own brother of Vaiśravaṇa, that you wish to slay Vaidehī, casting aside dharma in your rage?"

6.80.53 "O hero, lord of rākṣasas, you who are versed in the Vedas, who have completed your studies and vows, who are always devoted to your own dharma — why do you contemplate the slaying of a woman?"

6.80.54 "Behold Maithilī endowed with beauty, O king. Together with us, direct your anger at Rāghava himself."

6.80.55 "Making preparations today on the fourteenth of the dark fortnight, go forth on the new-moon day, surrounded by your forces, for victory."

6.80.56 "You, a hero, wise, a chariot-warrior, sword-bearer, mounting the finest chariot — having slain Rāma the son of Daśaratha, you shall obtain Maithilī."

6.80.57 That wicked-souled Rāvaṇa accepted the righteous words communicated by his friend, and went home; then that mighty one again proceeded to the assembly hall, accompanied by his friends.

6.81.1 Entering the assembly hall, the king, wretched and deeply grieved, sat down in the foremost seat, breathing like an angry lion.

6.81.2 Then mighty Rāvaṇa, wasted by the calamity of his son's death, addressed all the chiefs of the army with joined palms, and spoke:

6.81.3 "Let all of you, accompanied by all the elephants and horses, go forth, adorned with hosts of chariots and infantry."

6.81.4 "Surrounding Rāma alone in battle, you ought to slay him, rejoicing, with a downpour of arrows — like rain clouds at the onset of the monsoon season."

6.81.5 "Or else I myself, tomorrow in the great battle, with sharp arrows, his body pierced by you, shall slay Rāma before the eyes of the world."

6.81.6 Taking these words of the lord of rākṣasas to heart, the rākṣasas marched forth swiftly in chariots, surrounded by elephant formations.

6.81.7 At sunrise, a most fearsome and tumultuous battle between the rākṣasas and the monkeys took place.

6.81.8 The monkeys and rākṣasas struck one another in battle with variegated maces, lances, swords, and battle-axes.

6.81.9 Rivers of blood flowed, carrying the flotsam of that massed host of elephants and chariots — with horses as fish, banners as trees, and heaps of bodies as their current.

6.81.10 The monkey chieftains, leaping and leaping again in battle, shattered banners, armour, chariots, horses, and various weapons.

6.81.11 The leaping monkeys tore apart the hair, ears, foreheads, and noses of the rākṣasas with their sharp teeth and nails.

6.81.12 In battle, a hundred foremost monkeys rushed upon each single rākṣasa, as birds rush upon a fruit-laden tree.

6.81.13 Similarly, the rākṣasas, mountain-like, slaughtered the fierce monkeys with heavy maces, lances, swords, and battle-axes.

6.81.14 The great army of monkeys, being slaughtered by the rākṣasas, sought refuge in Rāma the son of Daśaratha, who is worthy of refuge.

6.81.15 Then Rāma of great splendour, mighty, taking up his bow, entered the rākṣasa army and rained down a torrent of arrows.

6.81.16 But they could not approach Rāma as he entered — most dreadful, burning them with the fire of his arrows — just as clouds do not approach the sun in the sky.

6.81.17 The night-wanderers witnessed in battle the most dreadful deeds already wrought by Rāma, and his extraordinary feats.

6.81.18 They saw him shaking the great host, scattering the great warriors — yet they did not truly see Rāma, just as one does not see wind that has entered a forest.

6.81.19 They saw the army cut down, split apart, burned by arrows, shattered, afflicted by weapons — but they did not see Rāma, the swift in action.

6.81.20 Striking at their bodies, they did not perceive Rāghava — just as living beings do not perceive the soul of all existence dwelling in the objects of the senses.

6.81.21 "Here he slays the elephant formations, here he slays the great chariot-warriors, here he slays the infantry and cavalry together with sharp arrows!"

6.81.22 Thus all those rākṣasas, enraged with one another in battle, struck those who looked like Rāma — owing to their resemblance to Rāghava.

6.81.23 They did not see Rāma burning the enemy host, confused by the supreme Gāndharva weapon of that great-souled one.

6.81.24 The rākṣasas in battle saw thousands of Rāmas; then again in the great combat they saw only one Kākutstha.

6.81.25 They saw the whirling golden tip of that great-souled one's bow, resembling a revolving firebrand wheel — but they did not see Rāghava.

6.81.26 His body was the hub, the flame of his valour was the spokes, his body with bow was the rim, the sound of his bowstring and the clapping of his palm were its noise, brilliant with the qualities of his energy and intelligence —

6.81.27 — bounded at its edge by the qualities of divine weapons, that wheel of Rāma slaying rākṣasas in battle was seen by the people like the wheel of Time itself.

6.81.28 A force of ten thousand swift-as-wind chariots, eighteen thousand swift elephants,

6.81.29 fourteen thousand horsemen together with their riders, and a full two hundred thousand rākṣasa foot-soldiers —

6.81.30 — all of these shape-shifting rākṣasas were slain, in one eighth part of the day, by Rāma alone with arrows resembling tongues of flame.

6.81.31 Those night-wanderers who remained alive, their horses slain, their chariots destroyed, exhausted, their banners scattered, fled back to the city of Laṅkā.

6.81.32 Strewn with slain elephants, infantry, and horses, that battle-ground became like the playground of Rudra the wielder of the Pināka bow, when wrathful.

6.81.33 Then the gods together with the gandharvas, the siddhas, and the supreme sages honoured Rāma's deed with cries of "Well done! Well done!"

6.81.34 And Rāma then said in reply to Sugrīva: "This power of divine weapons belongs to me or to Tryambaka — the Three-eyed one."

6.81.35 Having slain that rākṣasa host, Rāma — the great-souled one, equal to Śakra, triumphant in weapons and arms, his weariness overcome — was then praised by the exultant hosts of gods.

6.82.1 Those thousands of elephants with their riders, and those horses, and the fire-colored chariots with their banners — by the thousands —

6.82.2 and thousands of rākṣasas fighting with clubs and iron bars, adorned with golden banners, heroes who could assume any form at will —

6.82.3 all these, deployed by Rāvaṇa and adorned with ornaments of refined gold, were slain by the sharp arrows of Rāma, whose deeds know no effort.

6.82.4 Seeing and hearing this, the surviving night-wanderers were bewildered; the rākṣasī women gathered together, wretched and overwhelmed with grief.

6.82.5 Made widows, their sons slain, weeping, their kinsmen killed — the rākṣasī women came together in affliction and lamented aloud.

6.82.6 "How did Śūrpaṇakhā, that aged, fearsome, pot-bellied hag, ever approach Rāma in the forest — Rāma who is fair as the god of love himself?

6.82.7 She, vile and ill-favored, fit to be slain by the world, saw him — that tender, mighty-souled prince devoted to the welfare of all beings — and was seized with desire.

6.82.8 How could that rākṣasī, void of all virtues and ugly-faced, lust after Rāma — Rāma who is full of every virtue, of great brilliance, and of beautiful countenance?

6.82.9 By reason of the ill-fortune of this people, that withered, white-haired creature committed an act that was wrong, ridiculous, and condemned by all the world.

6.82.10 That unseemly one, for the destruction of the rākṣasas and of Dūṣaṇa and Khara, provoked Rāghava — and this was utterly unfit for her to do.

6.82.11 It was for that reason that Rāvaṇa, the ten-necked rākṣasa, kindled this great enmity; he abducted Sītā in order to bring about his own destruction.

6.82.12 Yet Daśagrīva will never obtain Sītā, the daughter of Janaka; the enmity he has forged with the mighty Rāghava is bound and inexhaustible.

6.82.13 The evidence is clear: the rākṣasa Virādha, who coveted Vaidehī, was slain single-handedly by Rāma — that alone should have sufficed as a warning.

6.82.14 Fourteen thousand rākṣasas of terrible deeds were slain in Janasthāna by arrows that blazed like tongues of fire —

6.82.15 and Khara was slain in battle, and Dūṣaṇa and Triśiras too, by arrows bright as the sun. That too was warning enough.

6.82.16 Kabandha, the blood-drinker with arms a yojana long, roaring in his fury, was killed — that too was proof enough.

6.82.17 Rāma slew mighty Bālin, the son of the Thousand-Eyed One, who was dark as a cloud. That alone was evidence enough.

6.82.18 Sugrīva, who lived in misery on Mount Ṛśyamūka with broken hopes, was installed as king — that too was sign enough.

6.82.19 The words of Vibhīṣaṇa — right in both dharma and worldly interest, beneficial to all the rākṣasas, and well-reasoned — he did not heed, out of delusion.

6.82.20 If the younger brother of Dhanada had followed Vibhīṣaṇa's counsel, this city of Laṅkā would not now be reduced to a charnel ground of grief.

6.82.21 Even hearing that mighty Kumbhakarṇa had been slain by Rāghava, and his dear son Indrajit — Rāvaṇa does not come to his senses.

6.82.22 "My son is slain in battle, my brother is slain, my husband is slain" — such is the cry that is heard in every household of the rākṣasas.

6.82.23 Hundreds of thousands of chariots, horses, elephants, and rākṣasa foot-soldiers have been slain in battle by the heroic Rāma.

6.82.24 It is Rudra, or Viṣṇu, or the great Mahendra of a hundred sacrifices, or perhaps Death himself in the form of Rāma, who is destroying us.

6.82.25 Our champions slain by Rāma, we have no hope of life; seeing no end to our fear, masterless, we cry out in lamentation.

6.82.26 Daśagrīva, though a hero with boons granted, does not perceive this great and terrible fear that has arisen from Rāma's hand in battle.

6.82.27 Neither gods nor gandharvas, neither piśācas nor rākṣasas are capable of rescuing one whom Rāma has set upon in battle.

6.82.28 And evil omens appear in battle after battle for Rāvaṇa — they will narrate the destruction of Rāvaṇa by Rāma.

6.82.29 Pitāmaha, well pleased, granted Rāvaṇa immunity from gods, dānavas, and rākṣasas — but Rāvaṇa did not ask for freedom from humans.

6.82.30 This is the fear that I believe has come from humans — without doubt, the terrible fear that will end the lives of both the rākṣasas and Rāvaṇa.

6.82.31 The gods, tormented by the powerful rākṣasa with his boon, worshipped Pitāmaha with blazing austerities.

6.82.32 For the welfare of the gods, the great-souled Pitāmaha, satisfied, spoke this great word to all the deities:

6.82.33 "From this day forth, all dānavas and rākṣasas will roam the three worlds forever enveloped in fear, for all eternity."

6.82.34 Then the gods assembled together, with Indra at their head, and propitiated Mahādeva — the bearer of the bull-banner, the destroyer of Tripura.

6.82.35 Mahādeva, well pleased, spoke this word to the gods: "A woman shall be born for your welfare — one who will bring about the destruction of the rākṣasas."

6.82.36 "This Sītā, set in motion by the gods, will consume us — rākṣasas together with Rāvaṇa — as hunger once consumed the dānavas of old; she is the slayer of rākṣasas."

6.82.37 By the arrogance of Rāvaṇa, that ill-disciplined and evil-minded one, this terrible destruction has come, and we are overwhelmed with grief.

6.82.38 We see no one in the world who could be a refuge for us — attacked by Rāghava as if by Time itself at the dissolution of an age.

6.82.39 Thus all the women of the night-wanderers, embracing one another with their arms, sank into despair, tormented by affliction and overwhelming fear, and then cried out with a truly terrible wailing.

6.83.1 Rāvaṇa heard the pitiful sound of lamentation from the afflicted rākṣasī women in every household of Laṅkā.

6.83.2 He breathed a long sigh, remained absorbed in thought for a moment, and then Rāvaṇa, fearsome to behold, became supremely wrathful.

6.83.3 Biting his lip with his teeth, his eyes reddened with rage, so terrible that even rākṣasas could scarcely look upon him, he blazed like the fire at the end of time.

6.83.4 The lord of rākṣasas spoke to the rākṣasas standing near him — those whose speech was broken with fear — as if scorching them with his gaze.

6.83.5 "Tell Mahodara, Mahāpārśva, and the rākṣasa Virūpākṣa: by my command, march out with the armies at once."

6.83.6 Hearing those words, those rākṣasas, afflicted with fear, roused those steadfast rākṣasas by the king's command.

6.83.7 All those rākṣasas, terrible to behold, said "So be it"; having performed the rites of benediction, they all went before Rāvaṇa.

6.83.8 Those great chariot-warriors honored Rāvaṇa according to due rite and stood with joined palms, all of them desiring victory for their lord.

6.83.9 Then Rāvaṇa, maddened with rage, laughed and spoke to Mahodara, Mahāpārśva, and the rākṣasa Virūpākṣa:

6.83.10 "Today with arrows loosed from my bow — arrows like the sun at the end of an age — I shall dispatch both Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa to the abode of Yama.

6.83.11 Today I shall avenge the killing of Khara, Kumbhakarṇa, Prahasta, and Indrajit by slaying the enemy.

6.83.12 Neither the sky, nor the directions, nor the rivers, nor the ocean will be able to shine, covered as they will be by the clouds of my arrows.

6.83.13 Today I shall churn those troops of monkey-bands, troop by troop, with waves of arrows rising from the ocean of my bow.

6.83.14 Today, like an elephant, I shall trample those ponds of monkey-bands — their faces like open lotuses, bright as the filaments of lotuses.

6.83.15 Today the leaders of the monkey-bands, their faces pierced with arrows in battle, will adorn the earth like lotus-stems with stalks.

6.83.16 Today, releasing a single shaft in battle, I shall split hundreds upon hundreds of those fierce fighting monkeys who wield trees as weapons.

6.83.17 For those women whose husbands, brothers, and sons have been slain — today, by killing the enemy, I perform the act of wiping away their tears.

6.83.18 Today with monkeys pierced by my arrows — scattered, lifeless — I shall make the earth in battle a surface fit for careful scrutiny.

6.83.19 Today I shall satisfy all the jackals, vultures, and other flesh-eaters with the flesh of enemies tormented by my arrows.

6.83.20 Let my chariot be made ready quickly; let my bow be brought at once; and let whatever night-wanderers remain follow me into battle."

6.83.21 Hearing those words, Mahāpārśva spoke: "Let those army-officers standing here muster the troops without delay."

6.83.22 The army-officers, resolute and swift in their valor, went about Laṅkā rousing those rākṣasas from house to house.

6.83.23 Within a moment, rākṣasas of terrible prowess burst forth, roaring, with terrible faces, their arms bearing various weapons.

6.83.24 With swords, broadblades, spears, nooses, clubs, ploughs, śaktis with keen edges, and great heavy mallets —

6.83.25 with staves, bright discuses, sharp battle-axes, slings, śataghnīs, and other excellent weapons —

6.83.26 then the four army-officers, by Rāvaṇa's command, quickly brought the chariot yoked with eight horses and fitted with a charioteer.

6.83.27 Rāvaṇa mounted the divine chariot blazing with its own radiance — his weight and gravity seeming to split the earth asunder.

6.83.28 Permitted by Rāvaṇa, Mahāpārśva and Mahodara, and the irresistible Virūpākṣa, then mounted their chariots.

6.83.29 Elated, roaring, as if splitting the earth, releasing terrible battle cries, they marched out, eager for victory.

6.83.30 Then the splendid Rāvaṇa, surrounded by the forces of his rākṣasa host, marched out for battle, bow upraised, like Yama the ender of time.

6.83.31 Then that great chariot-warrior rode out through the gate by which Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa stood, his chariot drawn by swift horses.

6.83.32 Then the sun lost its luster, the directions were shrouded in darkness, birds cried out ominously, and the earth trembled.

6.83.33 The sky rained blood; the horses stumbled; a vulture alighted on the top of the banner; and jackals howled inauspiciously.

6.83.34 His left eye twitched, his right arm trembled, his face grew pale, and his voice faltered somewhat.

6.83.35 Such were the portents that arose, presaging death in battle, as Daśagrīva the rākṣasa set forth into the fight.

6.83.36 A meteor fell from the sky with a sound like thunder; vultures cried out inauspiciously, echoed by crows.

6.83.37 Heeding not these terrible omens that had arisen, Rāvaṇa marched out in his delusion, goaded by Time, seeking his own death.

6.83.38 At the thunderous chariot-roar of those great-souled rākṣasas, the army of the monkeys also advanced for battle.

6.83.39 A very tumultuous battle ensued between those monkeys and rākṣasas, each challenging the other, enraged, each desiring victory.

6.83.40 Then Daśagrīva, enraged, wrought great carnage in the ranks of the monkeys with arrows adorned with gold.

6.83.41 Some monkeys had their heads severed by Rāvaṇa; some were slain and lay breathless; some were ripped open in their flanks; some had their skulls split; some were robbed of their eyes.

6.83.42 Daśānana, his eyes rolling with fury — wherever he advanced with his chariot in the fray, from that direction the leaders of the monkey-bands could not endure the velocity of his arrows.

6.84.1 Thus, with the monkeys whose bodies were cut down by Daśagrīva's shafts, the earth there became strewn and covered with monkeys.

6.84.2 That unendurable, blazing shower of Rāvaṇa's arrows from one side — they could not withstand it, as moths cannot endure a blazing fire.

6.84.3 Tormented by his sharp arrows, crying out, they fled in all directions — like elephants enveloped in tongues of flame, being burned.

6.84.4 Rāvaṇa moved through that battle scattering the armies of the leaping monkeys with his arrows, as the wind scatters great storm-clouds.

6.84.5 Having wrought swift carnage upon the forest-dwellers, the lord of rākṣasas then swiftly encountered Rāghava in battle.

6.84.6 Sugrīva, seeing those monkeys broken and fleeing from the battle, assigned Suṣeṇa to command a division and swiftly turned his mind to the fight.

6.84.7 Having placed that monkey hero who was his equal in valor in charge, Sugrīva advanced to face the enemy, armed with a tree.

6.84.8 On both sides and behind him, all the leaders of the monkey-bands personally carried great boulders and various mighty trees.

6.84.9 Great Sugrīva, roaring in battle with his mighty voice, felling various others, slew eminent rākṣasas.

6.84.10 The lord of monkeys, great of body, crushed the rākṣasas as the wind at the end of an age crushes the swollen deep-rooted trees.

6.84.11 He rained a downpour of mountains upon the rākṣasa armies, as a cloud rains a shower of stones upon flocks of birds in a forest.

6.84.12 Struck by those mountain-showers hurled by the king of monkeys, the rākṣasas fell with their heads scattered, like mountains with their peaks cut off.

6.84.13 Then, as the rākṣasas were being annihilated on all sides, broken by Sugrīva, falling and crying out —

6.84.14 the rākṣasa Virūpākṣa, a bowman, proclaiming his own name, leaped from his chariot and, irresistible, mounted the shoulder of an elephant.

6.84.15 Mounting that two-tusked elephant, Virūpākṣa the great chariot-warrior, roaring with a terrible thunder, charged at the monkeys.

6.84.16 He discharged terrible arrows at Sugrīva at the head of the army; he steadied the agitated rākṣasas and filled them with excitement.

6.84.17 The lord of monkeys, pierced through by those sharp arrows of that rākṣasa, blazed with great fury and set his mind upon killing him.

6.84.18 Then the heroic monkey, uprooting a tree, charged and struck that great elephant full in its face.

6.84.19 That great elephant, struck by the blow of Sugrīva, reeled back a bowshot's length, sank down, and bellowed.

6.84.20 Quickly dismounting from the stricken elephant, that valiant rākṣasa turned to face the enemy and advanced toward the monkey.

6.84.21 Seizing a bull-hide shield and sword, swift in his valor, he advanced upon Sugrīva who stood firm, as if threatening him.

6.84.22 Then Sugrīva, enraged at him, seizing an enormous boulder like a thundercloud, hurled it at Virūpākṣa.

6.84.23 That foremost of rākṣasas, seeing the boulder flying toward him, stepped aside with great agility and then struck with his sword.

6.84.24 With that sword, enraged, he knocked away Sugrīva's armor at the head of the army; struck by the sword, it fell to the ground.

6.84.25 The monkey, fallen but rising again, delivered at him a slap of his palm equal to a thunderbolt, with a fearsome sound.

6.84.26 The rākṣasa, with great skill, evading that palm-blow aimed by Sugrīva, struck him on the chest with his fist.

6.84.27 Then Sugrīva, lord of the monkeys, grew even more enraged, seeing that his own blow had been evaded by that rākṣasa.

6.84.28 The monkey saw an opening in Virūpākṣa's guard and then, in fury, brought down his great palm on his temple.

6.84.29 Struck by that palm-blow equal to Mahendra's thunderbolt, he fell to the earth soaked in blood, vomiting blood.

6.84.30 They beheld Virūpākṣa, his eyes rolled back in fury, drenched in frothy blood — made even more "virūpa" (grotesque) than his name.

6.84.31 The monkeys beheld their foe twitching, rolling to one side, drenched in blood, crying out piteously.

6.84.32 Thus those two swift warriors, joined in combat, the ocean-like forces of monkeys and rākṣasas, roared terribly — like two great oceans with their shores broken asunder.

6.84.33 Beholding that mighty Virūpākṣa slain by the lord of monkeys, the entire combined army of monkeys and rākṣasas became like the Gaṅgā in flood.

6.85.1 As their armies were swiftly slaughtering each other in that great battle, those two forces became like a pond in the height of summer, greatly diminished on both sides.

6.85.2 At the destruction of his own army and at the slaying of Virūpākṣa, Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, became doubly enraged.

6.85.3 Seeing his army decimated, being slaughtered by the vānaras, anguish arose in him in the battle as he beheld the reversal of fortune brought by destiny.

6.85.4 He then spoke to Mahodara, the subduer of foes, who stood nearby: "At this moment, O mighty-armed one, my hope of victory rests in you."

6.85.5 "Destroy the enemy's army, O hero; show your valor today. This is the time to repay the master's bread — fight well!"

6.85.6 Thus addressed, Mahodara said "So be it" to the lord of rākṣasas, and plunged into the enemy's army like a moth into fire.

6.85.7 Then that mighty, brilliant one wrought devastation among the vānaras, driven on by his master's words and by his own valor.

6.85.8 Seeing the great army of the vānaras being broken in battle, Sugrīva immediately charged at Mahodara.

6.85.9 Seizing a vast, terrible boulder equal to a mountain, the lord of monkeys, blazing with great energy, hurled it for his destruction.

6.85.10 Seeing that boulder rushing upon him, Mahodara, unperturbed, shattered it with arrows — that thing so difficult to withstand.

6.85.11 Cut to pieces by that rākṣasa with volleys of arrows, the boulder fell to the ground in a thousand fragments, like a swirling cluster of vultures scattered in confusion.

6.85.12 Seeing that boulder shattered, Sugrīva, overcome with rage, uprooted a sāla tree and hurled it at the rākṣasa in the forefront of battle, and that hero, conqueror of enemy cities, also tore into him with arrows.

6.85.13 Then in his rage he spotted an iron club lying on the ground; whirling that blazing iron club and displaying it, he swiftly struck Sugrīva's finest horses with its tip.

6.85.14 The heroic rākṣasa Mahodara, intensely enraged, leaped down from that great chariot whose horses had been slain, and seized his mace.

6.85.15 Those two warriors, each with mace and iron club in hand, came together in battle, roaring like bull-elephants, like two storm-clouds accompanied by lightning.

6.85.16 The lord of monkeys struck Mahodara's mace with his iron club; split apart by the mace, that club of his fell to the ground.

6.85.17 Then the radiant Sugrīva picked up from the ground a terrible iron pestle adorned all over with gold.

6.85.18 Raising it, he threw it; Mahodara likewise hurled another mace at him. Striking each other, both shattered and fell to the ground.

6.85.19 Then, with their weapons broken, those two came together with bare fists, both possessed of equal blazing energy, like two flaming fires.

6.85.20 Those two struck each other and roared again and again; striking each other with their palms, they fell to the ground.

6.85.21 They quickly sprang up again and struck each other; those two unconquered warriors threw each other with their arms.

6.85.22 Then the swift Mahodara, the rākṣasa, seized a sword that lay near at hand, together with a shield.

6.85.23 Similarly, the foremost of vānaras, Sugrīva, even swifter, seized a great sword along with its fallen shield.

6.85.24 Those two, their bodies overcome with fury, roaring, charged at each other with swords raised in battle, both exhilarated and expert in weaponry in combat.

6.85.25 Both swiftly circled the right-hand arc; both were intensely enraged at each other, both intent on victory.

6.85.26 That hero, the swift Mahodara, boastful of his valor but wicked-minded, brought his sword down upon Sugrīva's great shield.

6.85.27 As Mahodara was pulling free his sword embedded in the shield, the foremost among monkeys severed his head along with its protective helmet adorned with earrings.

6.85.28 Seeing him fall to the ground with his head severed, the army of the lord of rākṣasas did not remain there.

6.85.29 Having slain him, that monkey roared joyfully together with the other vānaras; the ten-headed Rāvaṇa was furious, while Rāghava shone with delight.

6.86.1 When Mahodara had been slain, the mighty Mahāpārśva began to harass Aṅgada's formidable army with his arrows.

6.86.2 He caused the heads of the foremost among the vānaras to fall from their bodies on all sides, as the wind knocks fruit from its stalk.

6.86.3 That rākṣasa, greatly enraged, cut off the arms and shoulders of some vānaras with his arrows, and tore open the flanks of others.

6.86.4 Those vānaras, tormented by the shower of arrows from Mahāpārśva, all turned away in despair, their senses gone.

6.86.5 Observing his army distressed and afflicted by the rākṣasa, mighty-armed Aṅgada surged forward like the ocean at the full moon.

6.86.6 Seizing an iron club equal in brilliance to the rays of the sun, the foremost of vānaras brought it down upon Mahāpārśva in battle.

6.86.7 By that blow, Mahāpārśva was rendered unconscious; together with his charioteer, senseless, he fell from his chariot to the ground.

6.86.8 Then the splendid lord of the bears, resembling a heap of blue collyrium, of surpassing valor, leaped forth from his own troop that was like a thunder-cloud.

6.86.9 Seizing a huge boulder resembling a mountain-peak, he in his fury swiftly struck the horses down and smashed that chariot to pieces.

6.86.10 But after a moment, mighty Mahāpārśva regained consciousness and pierced Aṅgada again with many arrows.

6.86.11 He struck Jāmbavān with three arrows in the middle of his chest, and struck the king of the bears, Gavākṣa, with many arrows.

6.86.12 Seeing Gavākṣa and Jāmbavān tormented by arrows, Aṅgada, overcome with rage, seized his terrible iron club.

6.86.13 Aṅgada, greatly enraged at that rākṣasa who stood at a distance, seized that iron club of his, equal in radiance to the rays of the sun,

6.86.14 grasping it with both arms, and whirling it, the swift son of Vālin hurled it at Mahāpārśva for his destruction.

6.86.15 That club hurled by the powerful one knocked the rākṣasa's bow together with its arrow from his hand, and also struck off his helmet.

6.86.16 Swiftly closing in, the powerful son of Vālin, in his rage, struck him with his open palm at the root of the ear adorned with its earring.

6.86.17 Enraged, the swift Mahāpārśva of great splendor seized in one hand a very large battle-axe.

6.86.18 That axe — burnished with oil, gleaming, made of the finest stone, hard — the rākṣasa, extremely furious, brought down upon the son of Vālin.

6.86.19 When it landed violently on his left shoulder-blade, Aṅgada, enraged, wrenched the battle-axe free.

6.86.20 That hero Aṅgada, equal in valor to his father, intensely enraged, drew back his fist resembling a thunderbolt,

6.86.21 and, knowing the vital points, he brought down that fist — equal in impact to Indra's thunderbolt — squarely upon the rākṣasa's chest, aimed at the heart.

6.86.22 By that blow in that great battle, the rākṣasa's heart instantly burst, and he fell slain to the ground.

6.86.23 When he fell to the ground, that army was thrown into turmoil, and great rage arose in Rāvaṇa during the battle.

6.87.1 Seeing the two rākṣasas Mahodara and Mahāpārśva slain, and the mighty warrior Virūpākṣa also killed,

6.87.2 great rage entered Rāvaṇa in that mighty battle. He urged on his charioteer and spoke these words:

6.87.3 "I shall remove this grief of mine for my slain ministers and my besieged city by killing both Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa."

6.87.4 "I shall fell the tree that is Rāma in battle — that tree bearing Sītā as its flower and fruit, whose branches are Sugrīva, Jāmbavān, Kumuda, and Nala."

6.87.5 That supreme chariot-warrior, that great one, making all ten directions resound with the thunder of his chariot, swiftly proceeded and charged toward Rāghava.

6.87.6 The earth entire, with its rivers, mountains and forests, filled with that sound, shook — together with its boars, deer, and elephants.

6.87.7 He unleashed the dark weapon, immensely terrible and most dreadful, which consumed all the monkeys utterly; they fled in every direction.

6.87.8 Seeing those many armies broken into hundreds of fragments by Rāvaṇa's excellent arrows, Rāghava stood firm there.

6.87.9 He then saw Rāma standing unconquered together with his brother Lakṣmaṇa, as Viṣṇu stands with Vāsava.

6.87.10 Rāma seemed to be drawing lines in the sky as he grasped his great bow — broad-eyed as lotus petals, long-armed, the subduer of foes.

6.87.11 Observing the monkeys broken in battle and Rāvaṇa charging, Rāghava, exhilarated, gripped his bow in the midst of it all.

6.87.12 Then he began to draw that excellent bow of mighty force and great sound, as if cleaving the very earth.

6.87.13 Coming within arrow-range of those two princes, Rāvaṇa became as Rāhu approaching the moon and sun together.

6.87.14 By Rāvaṇa's volleys of arrows and by the sound of Rāma's bowstring being drawn, the rākṣasas fell by hundreds at that time.

6.87.15 Wishing to fight him first, Lakṣmaṇa, drawing his bow, released sharp arrows resembling tongues of fire.

6.87.16 Those arrows barely released into the sky by the bow-bearing Lakṣmaṇa were intercepted by Rāvaṇa of great splendor with his own arrows.

6.87.17 One arrow with one arrow, three with three, ten with ten — he severed Lakṣmaṇa's arrows, displaying the lightness of his hands.

6.87.18 Passing beyond Saumitri, the battle-victorious Rāvaṇa then approached Rāma, who stood immovable as a mountain.

6.87.19 Closing in on Rāma in combat, Rāvaṇa with eyes red from rage let loose showers of arrows upon Rāghava.

6.87.20 Seeing the streams of arrows loosed from Rāvaṇa's bow rushing upon him, Rāma swiftly seized broad-headed arrows without delay.

6.87.21 Then Rāghava cut those volleys of arrows with his sharp broad-heads — those blazing, swift, angry arrows resembling venomous serpents.

6.87.22 Rāghava swiftly showered Rāvaṇa, and Rāvaṇa likewise showered Rāghava; those two rained upon each other with diverse sharp arrows.

6.87.23 Those two unconquered ones in battle circled long in wondrous arcs, left and right, watching the speed of each other's arrows.

6.87.24 All beings were terrified by those two fighting simultaneously — both terrible, both discharging arrows, both resembling Death and the Ender of all things.

6.87.25 The sky became completely filled with their various arrows, as if at the end of the hot season it were crowded with storm-clouds wreathed with chains of lightning.

6.87.26 The sky appeared as though latticed by the showers of arrows from those heroes — swift, with very sharp tips, well-fletched with vulture feathers.

6.87.27 Those two created a terrible, supreme darkness of arrows at that time, even as the sun had set, like two great storm-clouds rising up.

6.87.28 The battle between those two, each seeking the other's death, was tumultuous, unassailable, and inconceivable — like the battle between Vṛtra and Vāsava.

6.87.29 For both were supreme archers, both expert in arms, both foremost among those versed in missiles; both ranged freely in battle.

6.87.30 For wherever either of those two moved, in that very direction waves of arrows sped — like waves of two oceans driven by the wind.

6.87.31 Then Rāvaṇa, the weeper of the world, with hands engaged without pause, discharged a garland of iron arrows upon Rāma's forehead.

6.87.32 Wearing upon his head those arrows launched from Rāvaṇa's fearsome bow — radiant as petals of the blue lotus — Rāma did not yield to pain.

6.87.33 Then Rāma, filled with anger, muttering mantras and invoking the terrible weapon, took up his arrows once more,

6.87.34 and blazing with great energy, that valiant one, drawing his bow, discharged those arrows at the lord of rākṣasas — his arrows unbroken.

6.87.35 Those arrows, striking the armor of the lord of rākṣasas that resembled a great dark cloud, caused him no pain at that time, for he was invulnerable.

6.87.36 Then Rāma, skilled in all weapons, struck again at that lord of rākṣasas standing in his chariot, splitting him in the forehead with a supreme missile.

6.87.37 Those arrows, having pierced through their arrow-forms like five-headed serpents hissing, entered the earth, turned back by Rāvaṇa.

6.87.38 Having destroyed Rāghava's weapon, Rāvaṇa, overwhelmed with rage, took up another weapon — an āsura weapon, immensely terrible.

6.87.39 He sent forth arrows with the faces of lions and tigers, others with the faces of herons and crows, others with the faces of vultures and hawks, and still others with the faces of jackals.

6.87.40 He also released sharp arrows with the faces of wolves — gaping-mouthed and terrifying — and five-headed arrows darting their tongues.

6.87.41 Other arrows with the faces of asses, arrows with the faces of boars, arrows with the faces of dogs and cocks, arrows with the faces of crocodiles and venomous serpents —

6.87.42 these and many other sharp arrows of illusion he, blazing with great energy, released against Rāma, hissing like an enraged serpent.

6.87.43 Penetrating that āsura weapon, the joy of the Raghu line, with immense energy, like fire itself, released the fire-weapon.

6.87.44 Arrows with faces blazing like fire, also arrows with faces of the sun, arrows with faces of the full moon and the half-moon, and arrows with faces of comets —

6.87.45 arrows of the color of planets and asterisms, arrows with faces of great meteors, and others resembling lightning-tongues — these sharp arrows he released.

6.87.46 Those terrible arrows of Rāvaṇa, struck by Rāghava's weapon, dissolved in the sky and went away by the thousands.

6.87.47 Seeing that weapon destroyed by Rāma of tireless deeds, all the monkeys of changeable form then roared with delight.

6.88.1 When that weapon was repelled, Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, doubled his fury, and from that fury he immediately discharged another missile.

6.88.2 That great-resplendent one, Rāvaṇa, made ready to release against Rāghava another terrible weapon fashioned by Maya, dreadful in its power.

6.88.3 Then from his bow there flew out tridents, maces, and pestles blazing with fire, all hard as the thunderbolt, on every side.

6.88.4 Hammers with knobbed heads, nooses, and burning thunderbolts also streamed forth, sharp and varied, like the winds at the dissolution of an age.

6.88.5 That illustrious Rāghava, the foremost among the greatest knowers of weaponry, of immense splendour, countered that weapon with the supreme Gāndharva missile.

6.88.6 When that weapon was neutralised by the great-souled Rāghava, Rāvaṇa, his eyes reddened with rage, discharged the Solar missile.

6.88.7 Then blazing discs, vast and brilliant, flew out from the bow of the ten-necked one, that intelligent being of terrible velocity.

6.88.8 With those discs flashing hither and thither and falling in all directions, the sky was ablaze, as if with the fiery orbs of the moon, the sun, and the planets.

6.88.9 Rāghava shattered all those discs and the varied weapons of Rāvaṇa in the forefront of battle with floods of arrows.

6.88.10 Seeing that weapon destroyed, Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, pierced Rāma in all his vital spots with ten arrows.

6.88.11 Though pierced by those ten arrows shot from the great bow of Rāvaṇa, the greatly lustrous Rāghava did not tremble.

6.88.12 Then Rāghava, triumphant in battle, filled with great wrath, pierced Rāvaṇa in all his limbs with many arrows.

6.88.13 Meanwhile, the mighty Lakṣmaṇa, Rāghava's younger brother, who was enraged and a slayer of enemy heroes, took up seven arrows.

6.88.14 With those arrows of great velocity, the illustrious Lakṣmaṇa, of immense splendour, split Rāvaṇa's banner bearing human skulls into many pieces.

6.88.15 And with another arrow the illustrious and greatly powerful Lakṣmaṇa struck off the head of the charioteer of the lord of the rākṣasas—that head adorned with gleaming earrings.

6.88.16 Lakṣmaṇa also shattered the bow of the lord of the rākṣasas—that bow resembling the rut-post of an elephant—with five sharp arrows.

6.88.17 And Vibhīṣaṇa, leaping forward, slew with his mace the excellent horses of Rāvaṇa—those horses dark as rain-clouds and huge as mountains.

6.88.18 With his horses slain, Rāvaṇa swiftly leaped down from the great chariot and directed his fierce rage toward his own brother.

6.88.19 Then the powerful lord of rākṣasas, of great might, hurled a blazing śakti lance at Vibhīṣaṇa—a lance blazing like a flaming thunderbolt.

6.88.20 Before it even reached him, Lakṣmaṇa cut it down with three arrows. Then a great shout arose from the monkeys in the battle.

6.88.21 That śakti lance, garlanded with gold and cut in three pieces, fell sparkling and blazing like a great meteor fallen from the sky.

6.88.22 Then he seized another great śakti, still more formidable, hard to withstand even by Time itself, blazing with its own inherent radiance.

6.88.23 In the swift and powerful hands of the wicked Rāvaṇa it blazed with supremely dreadful fire, its brilliance equal to Indra's thunderbolt.

6.88.24 In that very instant the heroic Lakṣmaṇa swiftly went to Vibhīṣaṇa, who had fallen into danger of losing his life.

6.88.25 To free him, the heroic Lakṣmaṇa drew his bow and covered Rāvaṇa, who held the śakti in hand, with a shower of arrows.

6.88.26 Overwhelmed by the flood of arrows released by the great-souled Lakṣmaṇa, his valour checked and turned aside, Rāvaṇa's mind could not fix itself on striking a blow.

6.88.27 Seeing his brother freed by Lakṣmaṇa, Rāvaṇa turned to face Lakṣmaṇa and spoke these words.

6.88.28 "You who boast of your strength—since you have freed Vibhīṣaṇa the rākṣasa in this way, this śakti of mine shall now be aimed at you instead.

6.88.29 This śakti, red with its iron marks, hurled from my arm-like iron bar, shall pierce your heart and carry away your life."

6.88.30 Having spoken thus, he took up that śakti fitted with eight great bells and loud-sounding, fashioned by Maya's magic, never failing, a slayer of enemies—

6.88.31 —aiming it at Lakṣmaṇa, blazing as it were with its own energy. Rāvaṇa, supremely wrathful, hurled it and roared aloud.

6.88.32 Hurled with terrible velocity, sounding like Indra's thunderbolt, that śakti flew swiftly at Lakṣmaṇa in the forefront of battle.

6.88.33 Rāghava cried after that oncoming śakti: "May Lakṣmaṇa be safe! Be futile—your assault is destroyed!"

6.88.34 That śakti of great velocity fell blazing with immense radiance upon the broad chest of Lakṣmaṇa, like the tongue of the king of serpents.

6.88.35 Then Lakṣmaṇa, his heart pierced through by the śakti driven deep by Rāvaṇa's force, fell upon the earth.

6.88.36 Standing close by and seeing Lakṣmaṇa in that condition, the greatly resplendent Rāghava, out of his love for his brother, became heavy of heart.

6.88.37 He brooded for a moment, his eyes blurred with tears, then blazed forth with greater ferocity, like the fire at the dissolution of an age.

6.88.38 Reflecting that "this is not the time for despair," Rāghava resolved on the slaying of Rāvaṇa and waged battle with tremendous uproar.

6.88.39 Rāma then saw Lakṣmaṇa in the great battle, pierced by the śakti, smeared with blood, lying like a mountain with its serpents.

6.88.40 Even those foremost monkeys could not destroy that śakti hurled by the mighty Rāvaṇa, try as they might—they were themselves tormented by floods of arrows from the swift-handed rākṣasa.

6.88.41 After piercing Saumitri it had entered the earth. Rāma, enraged in battle, seized that dreadful śakti with both hands and forcefully broke and extracted it.

6.88.42 Even as he drew it out, the mighty Rāvaṇa rained down arrows that pierced him in all his limbs, cutting through his vital points.

6.88.43 Paying no heed to those arrows, Rāghava embraced Lakṣmaṇa and then spoke to Hanūmat and Sugrīva: "Surround and guard Lakṣmaṇa here, O best of monkeys."

6.88.44 "The moment for valour has arrived—long desired by me. This wicked-souled ten-necked one, resolute in evil, shall be slain. I have longed for this as the chataka bird longs to see the cloud at summer's end."

6.88.45 "In this very moment, very soon, I swear truly to you: you monkeys shall see a world either without Rāvaṇa or without Rāma."

6.88.46 "The loss of the kingdom, the sojourn in the forest, the wandering through Daṇḍaka, the seizure of Vaidehī, and the encounter with the rākṣasas—

6.88.47 "—all that great and dreadful suffering, all that affliction resembling hell—I shall today put an end to all of it by slaying Rāvaṇa in battle."

6.88.48 "For this very purpose I assembled this monkey army, and for this I made Sugrīva king by slaying Vālin in battle."

6.88.49 "For this very purpose the ocean was crossed and the bridge built over the sea. That wicked one has now come within the range of my sight in battle."

6.88.50 "Having come within range of my gaze, Rāvaṇa does not deserve to live—as no creature can survive the gaze of a serpent whose very sight is venom."

6.88.51 "Be at ease, O invincible chiefs of monkeys, and watch from the mountain-tops this battle between me and Rāvaṇa."

6.88.52 "Today let the three worlds, together with gandharvas, gods, sages, and cāraṇas, behold the Rāma-ness of Rāma in my combat."

6.88.53 "Today I shall perform a deed that all the worlds, with all their moving and unmoving creatures, together with the gods, shall speak of as long as the earth endures."

6.88.54 Having spoken thus, Rāma, composed and focused, struck the ten-necked one in battle with sharp arrows adorned with heated gold.

6.88.55 Then Rāvaṇa poured down upon Rāma blazing iron arrows and maces like a rain-cloud pouring streams.

6.88.56 The noise of the arrows of Rāma and Rāvaṇa, flying from both sides and striking each other, was tremendous.

6.88.57 Those arrows of Rāma and Rāvaṇa, broken and scattered, with their tips aflame, fell from the sky to the surface of the earth.

6.88.58 The great twanging sound of the bowstrings of those two—Rāma and Rāvaṇa—which struck terror into all beings, was beyond compare in its wonder.

6.88.59 Pelted with torrents of arrow-nets by the great-souled one, tormented by him who held a blazing bow, Rāvaṇa fled out of fear, even as he had come, like a rain-cloud struck and driven off by the wind.

6.89.1 Having given fierce battle to the wicked-souled Rāvaṇa and still releasing floods of arrows, he spoke these words to Suṣeṇa.

6.89.2 "Lakṣmaṇa has fallen to the ground by the force of Rāvaṇa's blow; the hero writhes like a serpent, rousing anguish in me."

6.89.3 "Seeing this hero drenched in blood—he who is dearer to me than life—what power have I to fight, when my spirit is so distraught?"

6.89.4 "This is my brother who gloried in battle, marked with auspicious signs. If he has attained the five elements, what use to me are my own life or happiness?"

6.89.5 "My heroic energy seems to shrink with shame, my bow seems to slip from my hand, my arrows falter, my sight is overcome with tears; my anguish intensifies sharply, and the desire to die arises in me."

6.89.6 Seeing his brother struck down by the wicked-souled Rāvaṇa, he fell into deep despair and lamented with senses overwhelmed.

6.89.7 "Neither battle nor life nor even Sītā concerns me, having seen my brother Lakṣmaṇa struck down in the dust of combat."

6.89.8 "What use to me is a kingdom? What use my life? I have no purpose in battle while Lakṣmaṇa lies struck down in the forefront of the fight."

6.89.9 The heroic Suṣeṇa, comforting Rāma, spoke these words: "This great-armed Lakṣmaṇa, increaser of glory, is not dead."

6.89.10 "His face is not distorted, nor dark, nor without radiance. His face can be seen to be bright and serene."

6.89.11 "His palms are red as lotus flowers, and his eyes are calm and clear. Such appearance does not belong to the dead, O lord of men. Do not despair, O hero; he lives yet, O subduer of foes."

6.89.12 "Of one who lies as if asleep on the ground with relaxed limbs, his heart heaving with breath, trembling again and again—this tells us he is alive."

6.89.13 Having spoken those words to Rāghava, Suṣeṇa, skilled in speech, spoke these further words in haste to Hanūmat who stood near.

6.89.14 "O gentle one, go swiftly from here to the Oṣadhi mountain—the auspicious peak that was described before by the heroic Jāmbavat."

6.89.15 "On the southern peak of that mountain grows an herb; bring it here—the Viśalyakaraṇī, the auspicious herb known as Viśalyakaraṇī."

6.89.16 "Bring also the Sauvarṇakaraṇī and the Saṃjīvanī, and the Saṃdhānakaraṇī—go quickly and bring them here for the restoration of the heroic and great-souled Lakṣmaṇa."

6.89.17 Thus instructed, Hanūmat, the illustrious one, went to the Oṣadhi mountain and fell into bewilderment, not recognising those great medicinal herbs.

6.89.18 Then a thought arose in the mind of that son of the Wind of immeasurable might: "I shall take the very peak of the mountain and carry it there."

6.89.19 "If I go without taking the Viśalyakaraṇī, time will have passed beyond saving, and great confusion will result."

6.89.20 Having thus deliberated, the mighty Hanūmat went quickly and, seizing the peak of the mountain, leaped up into the air with it.

6.89.21 "I could not identify those herbs, O foremost of monkeys, so I have brought the whole peak of that mountain."

6.89.22 Praising the wind-god's son who spoke thus, Suṣeṇa, best of monkeys, plucked and took the herbs from it.

6.89.23 Then Suṣeṇa, best of monkeys and of great splendour, crushed that herb and held it to Lakṣmaṇa's nostrils to inhale.

6.89.24 Lakṣmaṇa, the slayer of enemy heroes, had breathed in the herb even while the lance was still in him; then, the lance freed and pain gone, he swiftly rose up from the earth.

6.89.25 Seeing Lakṣmaṇa rise up from the ground, the monkeys, greatly delighted, cried "Well done! Well done!" and honoured Suṣeṇa.

6.89.26 Rāma said "Come, come" to Lakṣmaṇa, that slayer of enemy heroes, and embraced him with deep affection, his eyes brimming with tears.

6.89.27 Embracing Saumitri, Rāghava said: "By good fortune I see you, O hero, returned from death."

6.89.28 "My life would have no purpose, nor would Sītā, nor victory—what purpose could my life have had if you had been dissolved into the five elements?"

6.89.29 As the great-souled Rāghava was speaking thus, Lakṣmaṇa, distressed and with halting speech, answered him with these words.

6.89.30 "You who are resolute in truth and made that vow in days past—you should not speak so here, like some slight and unworthy man."

6.89.31 "The good do not make vows in vain, O sinless one; the keeping of a vow is the great mark of such a man."

6.89.32 "It is not proper for you to fall into despair on my account, O sinless one. Today, uphold your vow by slaying Rāvaṇa."

6.89.33 "No enemy who enters the path of your arrows shall depart alive—no more than a great elephant can depart alive from a roaring lion with sharp fangs."

6.89.34 "And I desire the swift slaying of that wicked-souled one—before the sun, whose deeds are done, descends to set."

6.90.1 Hearing those words spoken by Lakṣmaṇa, Rāghava released terrible arrows at Rāvaṇa in the forefront of battle.

6.90.2 The ten-necked one, standing in his chariot, struck Rāma with exceedingly dreadful arrows resembling thunderbolts, like a rain-cloud with its streams.

6.90.3 Rāma, composed and focused, pierced the ten-necked one in battle with arrows blazing like fire and adorned with gold.

6.90.4 "The battle is not equal—Rāma standing on the ground and the rākṣasa standing in a chariot," so said the gods, gandharvas, and dānavas.

6.90.5 Then a chariot with limbs ornamented with gold, adorned with hundreds of small bells, resembling the newly risen sun, with a yoke-pole made of vaidūrya gems—

6.90.6 —yoked with excellent horses wearing golden headpieces, with white scattered manes, tawny horses bright as the sun, adorned with a net of gold—

6.90.7 —bearing a banner-staff of gold, the auspicious and supreme chariot of the king of the gods, descended from the heavens and drove up to Kākutstha.

6.90.8 And Mātali, the charioteer of the thousand-eyed Indra, standing in the chariot with his goad, addressed Rāma with joined palms and spoke these words.

6.90.9 "This chariot, O Kākutstha, has been given by the thousand-eyed Indra for your victory—this auspicious chariot that destroys enemies, O great being."

6.90.10 "Here is the great Aindra bow, and armour resembling fire, and arrows bright as the sun, and a śakti lance, pure and keen."

6.90.11 "Mount this chariot, O hero, and slay the rākṣasa Rāvaṇa, with me as your charioteer, O Rāma—even as great Indra slew the dānavas."

6.90.12 Thus addressed, Rāma circumambulated the chariot, saluted it reverently, and mounted it—illuminating the worlds with his splendour.

6.90.13 Then there was a wondrous battle between two chariots, hair-raising, between the great-armed Rāma and the rākṣasa Rāvaṇa.

6.90.14 That Rāghava, supreme knower of missiles, countered the Gāndharva weapon with the Gāndharva, and the divine weapon of the rākṣasa king with the divine.

6.90.15 Then the lord of rākṣasas, that night-wanderer, supremely enraged, released once more a most terrible and dreadful rākṣasa weapon.

6.90.16 Those golden-adorned arrows released from Rāvaṇa's bow advanced upon Kākutstha having transformed into great venomous serpents.

6.90.17 With blazing mouths vomiting fire and flame, they advanced upon Rāma alone, with gaping jaws, terrifying.

6.90.18 With those blazing-bodied, greatly venomous ones whose touch was like Vāsuki's, all the directions and the intermediate directions were covered and filled.

6.90.19 Seeing those serpents rushing toward him in battle, Rāma manifested the dreadful and fear-inspiring Gārutmat missile.

6.90.20 Those arrows released from Rāghava's bow, with golden nocks and flame-bright tips, became golden suparṇas—enemies of serpents—and flew forth.

6.90.21 Those shape-shifting arrows of Rāma, now in the form of suparṇas, slew all those swift-moving arrows that had taken the form of serpents.

6.90.22 His weapon neutralised, Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, enraged, then showered Rāma with dreadful torrents of arrows.

6.90.23 Having tormented Rāma, the tireless worker, with a thousand arrows, Rāvaṇa then struck Mātali with a flood of shafts.

6.90.24 Felling the golden banner from the chariot to its floor, Rāvaṇa also struck Indra's horses with a net of arrows.

6.90.25 Gods, gandharvas, and dānavas together with cāraṇas became despondent, and the siddhas and the great sages too, seeing Rāma distressed at that moment.

6.90.26 The chiefs of the monkeys together with Vibhīṣaṇa also became troubled, seeing the moon of Rāma seized by the Rāhu of Rāvaṇa.

6.90.27 Mercury, boding ill for creatures, stood having occupied Rohiṇī, the moon's beloved constellation, which belongs to Prajāpati.

6.90.28 The ocean, its waves encircled by smoke and blazing as if on fire, leaped up in fury as if touching the sun.

6.90.29 The sun, its colour like a weapon, harsh and of dim radiance, appeared as if headless, conjoined with a comet.

6.90.30 Mars stood clearly having occupied Viśākhā in the sky—the constellation presided over by Indra and Agni that belongs to the Kosalas.

6.90.31 The ten-faced, twenty-armed one, holding his bow drawn, appeared—the ten-necked one visible like Mount Maināka.

6.90.32 Rāma, being driven back by the ten-necked rākṣasa, was unable to fix his arrows in the forefront of battle.

6.90.33 Then he, furrowing his brow in anger, his eyes slightly suffused with red, was seized with supreme wrath, as if scorching all things with his gaze.

6.91.1 Beholding the face of wise Rāma blazing with fury, all living beings trembled with fear, and the earth itself shook.

6.91.2 A mountain haunted by lions and tigers trembled, its trees shaking though it stood still; the ocean, lord of rivers, was likewise thrown into turmoil.

6.91.3 Birds with harsh cries and rough voices, portending ill omens, screamed and wheeled about on every side across the sky.

6.91.4 Seeing Rāma seething with rage and witnessing those dreadful portents, all creatures were seized with terror, and fear entered into Rāvaṇa.

6.91.5 At that moment the gods standing in their celestial cars, the Gandharvas and great serpents, the sages, Dānavas, and Daityas, the Garutmats and sky-dwellers—

6.91.6 —all witnessed that battle, which had the character of a cosmic dissolution, as the two heroes fought each other with many fearsome weapons.

6.91.7 All the gods and asuras assembled to witness the conflict, and beholding the great battle, spoke words of joyful devotion.

6.91.8 The assembled asuras cried "Victory to Daśagrīva!", while the gods cried out to Rāma again and again, "Victory to you!"

6.91.9 Meanwhile, that wicked-souled Rāvaṇa, enraged at Rāghava and eager to strike, laid hold of a great weapon—

6.91.10 —a spear with the hardness of the thunderbolt, resounding mightily, the destroyer of all foes, adorned with tips like mountain peaks, terrifying to behold—

6.91.11 —with sharp points as though wreathed in smoke, comparable to the fire at the end of a cosmic age, supremely terrible, unapproachable, difficult to withstand even for Death himself—

6.91.12 —a trident that inspired terror in all beings, that split and pierced. Rāvaṇa seized it, blazing as it were with his own fury.

6.91.13 Supremely enraged, that mighty one grasped the trident by its middle, surrounded in battle by many valiant rākṣasas.

6.91.14 Raising it aloft, that great-bodied one let out a fearsome battle-roar, his eyes red with rage, exhilarating his own army.

6.91.15 That dreadful roar of the lord of rākṣasas caused the earth, the atmosphere, the cardinal directions, and the intermediate directions to tremble.

6.91.16 At that tremendous roar of the evil-souled one, all living creatures trembled and the ocean was thrown into agitation.

6.91.17 Taking up that great trident in his might, Rāvaṇa uttered a tremendous cry and spoke harsh words to Rāma:

6.91.18 "This spear, Rāma, hard as the thunderbolt, raised by me in fury, shall instantly snatch away the life of you together with your brother and allies."

6.91.19 "Having slain you today, O boaster in battle, I shall swiftly even the score for the valiant rākṣasas slain at the forefront of the army."

6.91.20 "Stand now — I shall slay you with this trident, O Rāghava!" Having spoken thus, the lord of rākṣasas hurled that trident.

6.91.21 Rāghava checked that oncoming trident with a volley of arrows, even as Vāsava checks a rising fire at the end of the age with a deluge of water.

6.91.22 But Rāvaṇa's great trident burned up those arrows shot from Rāma's bow, just as fire burns up moths.

6.91.23 Seeing those arrows reduced to ash, pulverized by contact with the trident while still in midair, Rāghava took hold of his wrath.

6.91.24 Supremely enraged, Rāghava, the joy of the Raghu line, seized the śakti-weapon brought by Mātali and fashioned by Vāsava.

6.91.25 Swung by the mighty one, the śakti rang like a bell and blazed across the sky, radiant as a comet at the end of a cosmic age.

6.91.26 Hurled against the lord of rākṣasas, it struck that trident; shattered by the śakti, the great trident fell, its brilliance gone.

6.91.27 Then Rāma pierced his swift horses with sharp arrows — swift, powerfully driven, keen, comparable to thunderbolts.

6.91.28 Then Rāghava, fully focused, pierced Rāvaṇa in the chest with sharp arrows, and struck him on the forehead with three arrow-shafts.

6.91.29 His entire body pierced by arrows, blood flowing from his limbs, the lord of rākṣasas standing amid his host appeared like a blossoming aśoka tree.

6.91.30 His body pierced through and through by Rāma's arrows, his limbs wet with blood, the lord of night-stalkers felt distress in the midst of the assembly and then burned with intense rage.

6.92.1 Then Rāvaṇa, that boaster in battle, tormented in combat by Kākutstha with such fury, was overcome by towering rage.

6.92.2 His eyes blazing with anger, that mighty one drew his bow and, filled with violent fury, assailed Rāghava in the supreme clash.

6.92.3 With thousands of streams of arrows, Rāvaṇa filled Rāghava with shafts like a cloud from the sky filling a lake.

6.92.4 Though filled with a net of arrows released from the bow in combat, Kākutstha did not waver — like a great mountain, immovable.

6.92.5 Standing firm in battle, warding off showers of arrows with his own arrows, that mighty one received them as the sun receives its own rays.

6.92.6 Then the night-stalker, quick-handed and enraged, struck great-souled Rāghava in the chest with thousands of arrows.

6.92.7 Smeared with blood in battle, Lakṣmaṇa's elder brother appeared like a great kiṃśuka tree in full bloom in the forest.

6.92.8 Roused to fury by the impact of arrows, Kākutstha — of very great splendour, radiant as the sun at the end of the age — seized his own arrows in turn.

6.92.9 Then those two — Rāma and Rāvaṇa — deeply enraged with each other, could no longer make each other out in that battle amid the darkness of arrows.

6.92.10 Then Rāma, son of Daśaratha, possessed by wrath, spoke harsh words to Rāvaṇa with a contemptuous laugh:

6.92.11 "Because you abducted my helpless wife from Janasthāna by stealth, O vilest of rākṣasas, you are therefore no hero."

6.92.12 "You forcibly carried off Vaidehī, wretched and separated from me, dwelling in the great forest — and you think yourself a hero?"

6.92.13 "You are a hero against defenceless women, a violator of another's wife — having done the deed of a coward, you think yourself a hero?"

6.92.14 "Transgressor of all bounds, shameless one, unstable in conduct — you have embraced death through arrogance and still you think yourself a hero?"

6.92.15 "What you did with the help of your heroic brother Dhanada and his forces is indeed glorious and praiseworthy — what a great deed!"

6.92.16 "Now reap today the very great fruit of that deed — a deed approached through arrogance, a deed that is contemptible and harmful."

6.92.17 "You reckon yourself a hero, O evil-minded one, yet you feel no shame at having dragged away Sītā like a thief."

6.92.18 "Had you violated Sītā by force in my presence, you would then have beheld your brother Khara slain by my arrows."

6.92.19 "Fortunately, O evil-souled one, you have come within the range of my sight — today I shall despatch you to the abode of Yama with sharp arrows."

6.92.20 "Today let flesh-eating creatures drag away your head, severed by my arrows, its blazing earrings scattered in the dust of the battlefield."

6.92.21 "Let vultures alight on your chest, O Rāvaṇa, as you lie cast on the ground, and drink thirstily the blood oozing from the wounds of arrow-shafts."

6.92.22 "Today let birds tear out your entrails as you lie slain, pierced by my arrows and fallen — as Garutmats tear serpents."

6.92.23 Speaking thus, the heroic Rāma, destroyer of foes, rained down a shower of arrows on the lord of rākṣasas who stood nearby.

6.92.24 Rāma's valour, strength, exhilaration in combat, and the power of his weapons all doubled as he longed for the death of his foe.

6.92.25 All weapons appeared of their own accord for that self-knowing one, and in his elation that greatly splendid hero became swifter of hand.

6.92.26 Recognising these auspicious signs as dwelling within himself, Rāma, the destroyer of rākṣasas, assailed Rāvaṇa with renewed vigour.

6.92.27 Struck by the monkeys' showers of rocks and by Rāghava's showers of arrows, Daśagrīva reeled at heart.

6.92.28 When he could no longer wield a weapon, could no longer draw his bow, could no longer display his valour — his inner spirit overcome with distress—

6.92.29 —even the arrows and various weapons he had hurled no longer availed him in battle, for the time of death was approaching.

6.92.30 His charioteer, the driver of his car, observing him in that condition, quietly and without panic drove his chariot away from the battle.

6.93.1 But Rāvaṇa, deeply enraged out of his delusion, impelled by the power of Fate, his eyes reddened with anger, spoke to his charioteer:

6.93.2 "As though I were of diminished valour, as though powerless, as though deprived of manhood, as though a coward, as though of little account, as though destitute of spirit, as though stripped of splendour—

6.93.3 —as though abandoned by my powers of illusion, as though expelled by weapons — you disregard me, O evil-minded one, and act according to your own judgment!"

6.93.4 "For what reason, ignoring me and disregarding my will, have you driven my chariot away in the presence of my enemy?"

6.93.5 "You, ignoble wretch, have today destroyed my fame, my valour, my splendour, and my reputation — all accumulated over long ages."

6.93.6 "Before the eyes of the enemy, whose valour is renowned and whose courage inspires admiration, you have made me — eager for battle — appear a coward."

6.93.7 "You who in your delusion do not drive this chariot forward, O evil-minded one — my suspicion is confirmed: you have been suborned by the enemy."

6.93.8 "This act is not that of a friend who seeks one's good; it resembles the act of enemies; and what you have done is not properly done."

6.93.9 "Turn the chariot back quickly before my enemy escapes — if you have any decency left, if you still remember your virtues."

6.93.10 Thus harshly addressed by the senseless one, the charioteer — who sought his master's good — spoke beneficent and conciliatory words to Rāvaṇa:

6.93.11 "I am not afraid, nor am I confused, nor have I been suborned by enemies; I am not negligent, nor am I lacking in affection, nor have I forgotten my duty."

6.93.12 "Rather, by me who desires your welfare and guards your glory, whose mind overflows with affection — what seemed unpleasant was done out of love."

6.93.13 "In this matter, O great king, you should not fault me who am devoted to your good — treating me like some ignoble wretch of low account."

6.93.14 "Hear me — I shall tell you the reason why I turned the chariot back in battle, like a current of water turned back by a flood."

6.93.15 "I perceived the great fatigue you suffer from the exertion of battle; I do not observe in you, O hero, either brightness of countenance or exhilaration."

6.93.16 "And these chariot-horses, wearied by the effort of pulling the car, are spent, exhausted by the heat, like cattle beaten down by rain."

6.93.17 "And the many omens that keep appearing around us — in each and every one of them I discern inauspiciousness."

6.93.18 "Place and time must be gauged, as must signs and indications, the dejection, exhilaration, and fatigue of the chariot-warrior, and the strength and weakness of both sides."

6.93.19 "The high and low ground, the level and uneven terrain, the right moment for battle — these must be assessed, as must the watching for an opening in the enemy."

6.93.20 "Advance and retreat, standing firm and falling back — all of this must be understood by one who rides a chariot, by one who governs a chariot."

6.93.21 "For your rest and for that of these chariot-horses, avoiding a terrible reverse — what I have done here is proper."

6.93.22 "This chariot was not driven away by me out of self-will, O hero; what I have done, O lord, was done out of love for my master."

6.93.23 "Command me as you truly see fit, O destroyer of enemies — I shall do it with a heart free of all obligation."

6.93.24 Satisfied with those words of his charioteer, Rāvaṇa, eager for battle, praised him in many ways and spoke thus:

6.93.25 "Quickly, O charioteer, turn this chariot to face Rāghava — Rāvaṇa will not turn back without slaying his enemies in battle."

6.93.26 Having spoken thus, Rāvaṇa, the satisfied lord of rākṣasas, gave him a single auspicious and supremely fine arm-ornament.

6.93.27 Then swiftly, urged on by Rāvaṇa's command, the charioteer drove the horses forward; and the great chariot of the lord of rākṣasas was, in a moment, once again at the fore of the battle against Rāma.

6.94.1 The king among men beheld the chariot of the king of the rākṣasas rushing forward suddenly, resounding loudly, bearing great banners.

6.94.2 Yoked with dark horses, endowed with a fierce radiance, thick with banners like lightning-flashes, displaying weapons like Indra's own rainbow-bow, it poured streams of arrows like a cloud discharging a torrent of rain.

6.94.3 Seeing the chariot of his enemy rushing forward, resembling a storm-cloud, with a sound like that of a mountain cleaving under the thunderbolt's stroke, Rāma spoke to Mātali, charioteer of the thousand-eyed Indra.

6.94.4 "Mātali, see the chariot of the foe rushing forward in great fury — by coming at such tremendous speed from the inauspicious side, he has resolved, it seems, to destroy himself in battle."

6.94.5 "Therefore be alert; advance to meet the foe's chariot. I wish to scatter it as the wind scatters a risen cloud."

6.94.6 "Without hesitation, without confusion, with heart and eyes undistracted, keeping firm hold of the reins, drive the chariot swiftly."

6.94.7 "You who are accustomed to Indra's chariot need not be instructed; I, bent solely on battle, only remind you — I do not teach you."

6.94.8 Pleased by those words of Rāma, Mātali, foremost among the charioteers of the gods, drove the chariot forward.

6.94.9 Then, circling Rāvaṇa's great chariot from the auspicious side and throwing up dust from the wheel, he shook Rāvaṇa.

6.94.10 Then the ten-headed one, enraged, his eyes wide and copper-red, assailed Rāma, who stood facing him in the chariot, with a volley of arrows.

6.94.11 Rāma, of exceeding splendour, stung with indignation at that assault, his steadiness overpowered by wrath, took up in battle the Aindra bow of immense velocity, along with arrows blazing bright as the sun's rays.

6.94.12 Then a great battle was joined between those two, each eager to slay the other, facing one another like two proud lions.

6.94.13 Then the gods together with the Gandharvas, the Siddhas and the great seers assembled to witness the chariot-duel, all longing for Rāvaṇa's destruction.

6.94.14 Then dreadful and hair-raising portents arose, presaging the destruction of Rāvaṇa and the victory of Rāghava.

6.94.15 The sky rained blood upon Rāvaṇa's chariot; violent whirlwinds circled in the inauspicious direction.

6.94.16 A great flock of vultures, hovering in the sky, flew in whatever direction his chariot moved.

6.94.17 Laṅkā was enshrouded in a reddish twilight hue like the hibiscus flower; even by day the earth appeared as if ablaze.

6.94.18 Enormous meteors accompanied by thunderous crashes fell with great roaring sounds, despairing the rākṣasas and boding ill for Rāvaṇa.

6.94.19 Wherever Rāvaṇa stood, the earth trembled; and the arms of the striking rākṣasas felt as if seized and held.

6.94.20 Copper-red, yellow, pale, and white rays of the sun fell upon Rāvaṇa's body, appearing like the mineral veins of a mountain.

6.94.21 Followed by vultures and spewing fire from their mouths, jackals shrieked ominously, looking toward his face with fury.

6.94.22 A contrary wind blew in the battle, raising dust and blinding the eyes of that king of the rākṣasas.

6.94.23 Indra's thunderbolts fell all around his army with terrible, unbearable sounds, not accompanied by any sound of clouds.

6.94.24 All the cardinal and intermediate directions became shrouded in darkness; with a great rain of dust the sky became difficult to see.

6.94.25 Making dreadful quarrelsome cries, hundreds of śārikā birds fell upon his chariot, terrible and uttering terrible sounds.

6.94.26 His horses shed sparks from their haunches and a constant stream of tears from their eyes — fire and water equally.

6.94.27 Thus many dreadful and fearful portents of this kind arose for the destruction of Rāvaṇa.

6.94.28 And for Rāma too, omens that were gentle and auspicious appeared on all sides, proclaiming victory.

6.94.29 Then Rāghava, skilled in reading omens, observing those omens that had come to him, felt supreme joy and delight, and redoubled his valour in battle.

6.95.1 Then there commenced between Rāma and Rāvaṇa a very great chariot-duel, utterly fierce, striking fear into all the worlds.

6.95.2 Then both the rākṣasa army and the great host of monkeys stood weapons raised yet motionless, transfixed.

6.95.3 Seeing those two mighty combatants, the man and the rākṣasa, locked in battle, all were overcome in their hearts and seized with the greatest wonder.

6.95.4 With arms busy wielding various weapons, their minds astounded, they stood watching the battle and did not strike one another.

6.95.5 The army appeared like a painting — the rākṣasas with eyes fixed in wonder upon Rāvaṇa, the monkeys with eyes fixed in wonder upon Rāghava.

6.95.6 But those two, Rāghava and Rāvaṇa, having observed the omens and made up their minds, steady in their fury, fought without fear.

6.95.7 Kākutstha resolved "I must conquer" and Rāvaṇa resolved "I must die fighting" — both staking the whole of their valour, they displayed it in battle.

6.95.8 Then the mighty ten-headed one, in anger, fitting arrows to his bow, released them aimed at the standard mounted on Rāghava's chariot.

6.95.9 Those arrows, failing to reach the standard of Indra's chariot, merely grazed the red-painted lance-staff and fell to the ground.

6.95.10 Then Rāma, greatly enraged, the mighty one, stretching his bow, resolved in his mind to return blow for blow.

6.95.11 He released a sharp arrow aimed at Rāvaṇa's standard — irresistible as a great serpent, blazing with its own splendour.

6.95.12 That arrow, piercing through, struck the ground; the standard of Rāvaṇa's chariot was severed and fell to the earth.

6.95.13 Seeing his standard smashed, the immensely powerful Rāvaṇa seemed to blaze in battle as if ignited by the fire of his own wrath.

6.95.14 Overcome by fury and discharging a great rain of arrows, Rāvaṇa pierced Rāma's divine horses with his shafts.

6.95.15 Those horses of his, though struck, neither stumbled nor swerved; they remained composed at heart, as if struck merely by lotus stalks.

6.95.16 Seeing the horses' lack of agitation, Rāvaṇa then grew yet more fiercely enraged and discharged another rain of arrows.

6.95.17 Maces, iron clubs, discuses, pestles, mountain peaks, trees, javelins, and battle-axes —

6.95.18 — all this storm of weapons conjured by māyā he hurled down; then, with heart and effort unwearied, he loosed arrows by the thousands.

6.95.19 The battle became tumultuous, terror-inspiring, fearful, with fearful reverberations, irresistible — a great conflict composed of many weapons.

6.95.20 Releasing shafts all around at Rāghava's chariot and upon the monkey army, and filling the sky continuously with arrows, the ten-headed one discharged them with an utterly free and unencumbered spirit.

6.95.21 Seeing Rāvaṇa straining with such total absorption in the battle, Kākutstha, almost smiling, fitted sharp arrows to his bow.

6.95.22 He then released arrows in the battle by hundreds of thousands; seeing them, Rāvaṇa with his own shafts made the sky into an unbroken mass.

6.95.23 Then, by the blazing rain of arrows loosed by those two, the sky appeared as a second luminous sky, bound together with shafts.

6.95.24 As Rāma and Rāvaṇa thus discharged arrows in battle, not one arrow was released without cause, not one failed to penetrate, not one was without effect.

6.95.25 Those two fought without pause, shooting left and right, and with swarms of arrows they made the sky breathless, as it were.

6.95.26 Rāma slew Rāvaṇa's horses and Rāvaṇa slew Rāma's horses — the two of them then doing and undoing each other's deeds in turn.

6.96.1 Rāma and Rāvaṇa thus fighting in battle were beheld by all living beings with wonder in their innermost hearts.

6.96.2 As they afflicted each other in battle, those two foremost chariots of theirs, bent on mutual destruction, became terrible in aspect.

6.96.3 Their two charioteers displayed many kinds of charioteer's movement — circles, straight rushes, advances and retreats.

6.96.4 Rāma assailing Rāvaṇa and Rāvaṇa assailing Rāghava, the two of them matched in speed of movement, charging forward and wheeling back.

6.96.5 As the two of them hurled webs of arrows, those two foremost chariots roamed the battlefield like two rain-clouds drenching the earth.

6.96.6 Having displayed many kinds of movement in battle, those two then halted once more facing each other.

6.96.7 As they stood, the yoke-poles of their chariots met yoke-pole to yoke-pole, the horses' muzzles met muzzle to muzzle, and the banners met banner to banner.

6.96.8 Then Rāma with four sharp arrows released from his bow drove back Rāvaṇa's four blazing horses.

6.96.9 Overcome by rage at the turning back of his horses, that rover of the night released sharp arrows against Rāghava.

6.96.10 Though deeply pierced by the mighty ten-headed one, Rāghava underwent no change and was not distressed.

6.96.11 And that night-roamer hurled arrows again, equal in sound to the fall of Indra's thunderbolt, aimed directly at the charioteer of the thunderbolt-wielder.

6.96.12 But those arrows of great velocity, falling upon the body of Mātali, produced not even the slightest confusion or distress in battle.

6.96.13 Angered by that assault — on behalf of Mātali rather than himself — Rāghava turned the enemy back with a net of arrows.

6.96.14 The heroic Rāghava released twenty, thirty, sixty, then hundreds and thousands of arrows upon the foe's chariot.

6.96.15 The seven oceans were agitated by the sounds of maces, pestles, iron clubs, and by the wind from the fletched ends of arrows.

6.96.16 By the agitation of the oceans, all the serpents dwelling on the floor of Pātāla were distressed, as were thousands of Dānavas.

6.96.17 The entire earth shook with its mountains, forests, and groves; the sun became without lustre, and the wind did not blow.

6.96.18 Then the gods together with the Gandharvas, the Siddhas and the great seers, all together with the Kinnaras and the great serpents, fell into anxious worry.

6.96.19 "May there be welfare for cows and Brāhmaṇas; may the worlds endure forever; may Rāghava conquer Rāvaṇa, lord of the rākṣasas, in battle."

6.96.20 Then Rāma, the mighty-armed increaser of the glory of the Raghus, fitting to his bow a crescent-bladed arrow like a venomous serpent, severed Rāvaṇa's noble head with its blazing earring.

6.96.21 That head fell to the ground and was seen by the three worlds; yet another head, equal to that one, rose up upon Rāvaṇa.

6.96.22 That too was swiftly severed in battle by Rāma, swift of hand and swift in action — a second head of Rāvaṇa cut off with arrows.

6.96.23 No sooner was that head severed than yet another appeared; that too was cut off by Rāma with arrows like thunderbolts.

6.96.24 In this same way a hundred heads of equal splendour were severed, yet no end was to be seen in the diminishment of Rāvaṇa's life.

6.96.25 Then the heroic Rāghava, increaser of Kausalyā's joy, knower of all weapons, laden with many arrows, fell into deep thought.

6.96.26 "Those by which Mārīca was slain, those by which Khara and Sudūṣaṇa were slain, Virādha in the Krañca forest, and Kabandha in the Daṇḍaka forest —"

6.96.27 "— all those arrows have been my trusted weapons in battle; what then is the reason that they grow feeble against Rāvaṇa?"

6.96.28 Thus absorbed in thought, yet unrelenting in battle, Rāghava poured rains of arrows upon Rāvaṇa's chest.

6.96.29 And Rāvaṇa too, enraged, the lord of the rākṣasas standing in his chariot, afflicted Rāma in battle with a rain of maces and pestles.

6.96.30 Before the watching eyes of gods, Dānavas, Yakṣas, Piśācas, serpents, and rākṣasas, that great battle continued through the entire night.

6.96.31 Neither by night nor by day, neither for a moment nor for the twinkling of an eye did the battle between Rāma and Rāvaṇa find any pause.

6.97.1 Then Mātali reminded Rāghava at that moment, saying as if in ignorance: 'O hero, why do you keep following him?'

6.97.2 'Release upon him, O lord, the weapon descended from Brahmā for his destruction — the hour of his annihilation that was foretold by the gods is now at hand.'

6.97.3 Then Rāma, reminded by those words of Mātali, took up that blazing arrow that hissed like a serpent.

6.97.4 That great, infallible arrow, bestowed by Brahmā and given first to him by the revered sage Agastya the mighty — that arrow which never misses in battle —

6.97.5 — had been fashioned of old by Brahmā of boundless might for Indra's sake, and given formerly to the lord of gods who desired the conquest of the three worlds.

6.97.6 In its feathers dwells the wind-god, in its tip fire and the sun; its body is made of sky, and in weight it equals Meru and Mandara.

6.97.7 Blazing in its form, beautifully fletched, adorned with gold, it was made with the radiance of all living beings and shone with the brilliance of the sun.

6.97.8 Like the fire of universal dissolution with its smoke, like a blazing venomous serpent, swift in action, it could cleave through hosts of chariots, elephants, and horses.

6.97.9 It could break through gates and iron bars and even mountains; dreadful, smeared with fat, its body sprinkled with many kinds of blood.

6.97.10 Hard as a thunderbolt, roaring mightily, fearsome in many battles, terrifying to all, dreadful, hissing like a snake.

6.97.11 In battle it was ever a feast for flocks of herons, vultures, jackals, and rākṣasas; bearing the form of Yama, inspiring dread.

6.97.12 A delight to the monkey-lords, a destroyer of rākṣasas, it was feathered with the manifold, beautifully variegated plumes of Garuḍa.

6.97.13 That supreme arrow of the worlds, destroyer of the fears of the Ikṣvāku line, stripping the glory from enemies, filling himself with joy —

6.97.14 — the mighty, powerful Rāma consecrated that great arrow with the rite prescribed by Vedic injunction and fitted it to his bow.

6.97.15 Deeply enraged at Rāvaṇa, he drew the bow fully taut and released that arrow that strikes the vital points, exerting his utmost force.

6.97.16 Irresistible as the thunderbolt hurled from Indra's arm, unstoppable as Fate itself, it fell upon Rāvaṇa's chest.

6.97.17 Released with tremendous velocity, that body-ending arrow pierced the heart of the evil-souled Rāvaṇa.

6.97.18 Blood-smeared, that life-ending arrow, bearing away Rāvaṇa's vital breath with its speed, entered into the earth.

6.97.19 That arrow, having slain Rāvaṇa, its surface wet with blood, its task accomplished, quietly returned to its own quiver.

6.97.20 From the hand of the struck one, the bow with its arrow fell quickly to the ground along with his life-breath as it departed from him.

6.97.21 His life-breath gone, the lord of the rākṣasas of terrific speed and great splendor fell from his chariot to the ground, like Vṛtra struck by the thunderbolt.

6.97.22 Seeing him fallen to the ground, the surviving night-roamers, bereft of their master and trembling with fear, fled in all directions.

6.97.23 The tree-fighting monkeys, roaring, fell upon them, having witnessed the slaying of the ten-necked one and Rāghava's victory.

6.97.24 Tormented by the exultant monkeys, the rākṣasas fled in fear toward Laṅkā, their refuge destroyed, their faces pitiful, streaming with tears.

6.97.25 Then the joyful monkeys, wearing the look of conquerors, let out a great cry, proclaiming Rāghava's victory and the death of Rāvaṇa.

6.97.26 Then the auspicious divine kettledrums of the gods resounded in the sky, and a sweet breeze bearing celestial fragrances blew there.

6.97.27 And from the sky a rain of flowers fell to the earth, scattering the charming, hard-to-obtain blossoms over Rāghava's chariot.

6.97.28 In the sky, joined with praises of Rāghava, there was heard the excellent speech of the great-souled gods: 'Well done! Well done!'

6.97.29 Great joy filled the gods together with the cāraṇas at the slaying of the fierce Rāvaṇa who had been the terror of all the worlds.

6.97.30 Then Rāghava, delighted, having slain the foremost of rākṣasas, fulfilled the wishes of Sugrīva and the mighty Aṅgada.

6.97.31 Then the wind-hosts grew calm, the directions became clear, the sky became cloudless, the earth did not tremble, the winds ceased to blow, and the sun became steady in its brilliance.

6.97.32 Then Sugrīva, Vibhīṣaṇa, and the other dear friends, together with Lakṣmaṇa, came together in joy at the victory and honored Rāghava, who was splendid in battle, with due ceremony.

6.97.33 He, the enemy slain, his vow fulfilled, surrounded by the forces of his own people in battle, shone forth — the glorious son of the king of the Raghu line — surrounded by hosts of gods, like Indra himself.

6.98.1 Hearing that Rāvaṇa had been slain by the great-souled Rāghava, the rākṣasī women poured out from the inner apartments, emaciated with grief.

6.98.2 Though restrained again and again, weeping, rolling in the dust of the earth, their hair unbound, agonized with grief — like cows whose calves have been killed.

6.98.3 Going out through the northern gate together with the rākṣasas, they entered the dreadful battlefield, searching for their slain lord.

6.98.4 Crying 'O noble son!' and 'Alas, my master!' on every side, they rushed about over the earth thick with headless trunks, mired in blood.

6.98.5 Their eyes filled with tears, overcome by grief for their husband, they cried out like she-elephants whose herd-bull has been slain.

6.98.6 They beheld Rāvaṇa, of massive body, great might, and great splendor, slain upon the ground, resembling a heap of dark collyrium.

6.98.7 Suddenly seeing their husband lying in the dust of the battlefield, they fell upon his limbs like severed forest creepers.

6.98.8 Out of reverence one embraced him and wept; another clasped his feet; yet another hung about his neck.

6.98.9 One raised his arms and rolled on the ground; another, gazing upon the face of the slain one, fell into a swoon.

6.98.10 One, placing his head in her lap and gazing at his face, wept, bathing his face with tears as with cold dew upon a lotus.

6.98.11 Thus afflicted, seeing their husband Rāvaṇa slain upon the earth, they cried out repeatedly in many ways and lamented again and again in their grief.

6.98.12 He by whom Śakra was terrified, by whom Yama was terrified, by whom king Vaiśravaṇa was separated from the Puṣpaka —

6.98.13 — he who gave great fear to the gandharvas, the sages, and the great-souled gods — that same one now lies slain in battle.

6.98.14 He who knew no fear from asuras, from gods, or even from serpents — for him has come this fear from a human being.

6.98.15 He who was unkillable by the gods, by dānavas and rākṣasas alike — that same one lies slain in battle by a human fighting on foot.

6.98.16 He who could not be killed by gods, yakṣas, or asuras — this one, as if a trifling thing, has been brought to death by a mortal.

6.98.17 Speaking thus in many ways, his women wept; and further overwhelmed with grief, they lamented again and again.

6.98.18 'By your not heeding the friends who ever counseled your good, you have now brought down together — these women, us, and yourself.'

6.98.19 'Even your dear brother Vibhīṣaṇa, speaking words of benefit, was boldly treated harshly by you in your delusion, you who sought your own destruction.'

6.98.20 'Had Sītā the Maithilī been restored by you to Rāma, this dreadful, root-destroying great calamity would not have befallen us.'

6.98.21 'Your brother's wish would have been fulfilled, Rāma would have become a friendly lineage, all of us would remain unwidowed with our desires fulfilled, and the enemies would not have prevailed.'

6.98.22 'But by you, cruel one, forcibly detaining Sītā, three have been cast down into one scale — the rākṣasas, ourselves, and you yourself.'

6.98.23 'O foremost of rākṣasas, this was not your free will or your desire — fate drives everything; what is destroyed is destroyed by fate.'

6.98.24 'O mighty-armed one, this destruction of monkeys and your rākṣasas in battle, and indeed of yourself, has come about through the conjunction of fate.'

6.98.25 'The course of fate, once set in motion, cannot be reversed in this world — not by wealth, not by desire, not by valor, not by command.'

6.98.26 Thus those pitiable wives of the lord of rākṣasas lamented, grief-stricken like ospreys, their eyes clouded with tears.

6.99.1 Among those lamenting rākṣasī women, his chief and beloved wife, pitiable, gazed upon her husband.

6.99.2 Seeing the ten-necked one slain by Rāma of inconceivable deeds, Mandodarī there lamented pitiably for her husband.

6.99.3 'O mighty-armed one, O younger brother of Vaiśravaṇa — even Purandara trembles to stand before you when you are angered.

6.99.4 The sages, the earthly gods, the glorious gandharvas, and the cāraṇas — did they not flee to the directions in terror of you?

6.99.5 And yet you, O king, O bull among rākṣasas, are defeated in battle by a mere human named Rāma — are you not ashamed? What is this?

6.99.6 How did a human who wanders in the forest kill you — who had subjugated the three worlds endowed with glory and valor, you who were invincible?

6.99.7 Your destruction at the hands of Rāma in battle is not fitting for one who roams beyond the reach of humans, who can assume any form at will.

6.99.8 I cannot believe this is Rāma's own doing — that he, facing you in battle, you who were assailed from all sides, should have struck you down.

6.99.9 Having once conquered the senses you conquered the three worlds; now, as if those senses remembered that enmity, you were yourself conquered by the senses.

6.99.10 Or rather, Vāsava himself has come in the form of Rāma, contriving an illusion for your destruction that was beyond reckoning.

6.99.11 The very moment your brother Khara, surrounded by many rākṣasas, was slain at Janasthāna — from that moment alone, he was no human being.

6.99.12 The very moment Hanūmān by his might entered the city of Laṅkā — difficult of entry even for gods — from that very moment we were distressed.

6.99.13 'Let there be no enmity with Rāghava' — so I said to you, and you would not accept it; the consequence of that has now arrived.

6.99.14 You conceived an unprovoked desire for Sītā, O foremost of rākṣasas — for the destruction of your sovereignty, your body, and your own people.

6.99.15 By violating Sītā, who surpasses even Arundhatī and Rohiṇī, O foolish one, by molesting that venerable woman, you have done what is unbecoming of you.

6.99.16 The Maithilī is not superior to me nor even my equal in birth, beauty, or gracious conduct — but you in your delusion did not perceive this.

6.99.17 In every way, no death of any creature is without its mark — and your death, for one, bears the mark made by Maithilī.

6.99.18 Maithilī will sport with Rāma free of grief, while I, of meager merit, have fallen into a dreadful ocean of sorrow.

6.99.19 Having sported with you on Kailāsa, Mandara, and Meru, and in the Caitraratha forest and all the divine gardens —

6.99.20 — I who used to travel in a fitting aerial car with incomparable splendor, adorned with bright garlands and garments, beholding those various lands — I am cast down from all pleasures of desire by the slaying of you, my hero.

6.99.21 True indeed were the words spoken by my greatly fortunate brother-in-law: 'The destruction of the foremost rākṣasas is at hand.'

6.99.22 Through a calamity arising from desire and wrath, through entanglement with vice, you have done this — made the entire lineage of rākṣasas without a protector.

6.99.23 You of renowned strength and manhood are not truly to be mourned by me; but by the nature of women my mind turns to compassion.

6.99.24 Taking with you both your good deeds and your evil deeds, you have gone to your own final course; I mourn for myself, who am made wretched by separation from you.

6.99.25 Dark as a blue storm-cloud, adorned with bright golden armlets and yellow garments, your limbs flung wide, you lie drenched in blood — as if asleep. Why do you not speak to me who am tormented with grief?

6.99.26 Why do you not look up at me, the granddaughter of the great-valiant, capable, never-retreating in battle rākṣasa?

6.99.27 This bow of yours, with which you used to destroy enemies in battle, shining like the sun — like the thunderbolt of the thunderbolt-wielder — this ever-honored weapon of yours —

6.99.28 — your iron club, which struck enemies in battle, adorned with networks of gold, lies scattered, cut by arrows into a thousand pieces.

6.99.29 Shame upon this heart of mine that it does not burst into a thousand pieces — tormented with grief as it is — now that you have attained the five elements.

6.99.30 At this juncture Rāma said to Vibhīṣaṇa: 'Let the funeral rites be performed for your brother, and turn back these women.'

6.99.31 Then Vibhīṣaṇa, humbly hearing those words, the knower of righteousness, having deliberated with his mind on a reply consistent with both dharma and purpose, spoke in deference to Rāma.

6.99.32 'I am not fit to perform the rites for one who abandoned the vow of righteousness, who is cruel, brutal, false, and who violated another man's wife.'

6.99.33 'This Rāvaṇa, who took the form of a brother, was ever devoted to universal harm; he does not deserve honor, though he might be honored on account of reverence due to an elder.'

6.99.34 'O Rāma, people on earth will call me cruel; but all, hearing of his qualities, will speak of his good deeds again.'

6.99.35 Hearing that, Rāma, foremost among those who uphold righteousness, supremely pleased, spoke thus to Vibhīṣaṇa who was skilled in speech and an expert in counsel.

6.99.36 'What is dear to you is what I must do, and through you this conquest has been mine; yet, O lord of rākṣasas, I must necessarily say something fitting to you.'

6.99.37 'Though this night-rover was joined with unrighteousness and falsehood, he was nonetheless glorious, strong, brave, and ever so in battles.

6.99.38 'The great-souled Rāvaṇa, cause of lament to the world, endowed with strength — it is heard that he was not defeated even by gods led by the Hundred-Sacrificed Indra.

6.99.39 'Enmities end with death; our purpose is accomplished. Let his funeral rites be performed — he is as much mine as yours.'

6.99.40 'O mighty-armed, O knower of dharma, he deserves a proper funeral rite to be performed quickly by you; you will thereby become a sharer of glory.'

6.99.41 Hearing Rāghava's words, Vibhīṣaṇa, hastening, provided Rāvaṇa with the fitting funeral rite.

6.99.42 Vibhīṣaṇa offered the sacred fire to him according to the prescribed rite, and consoled those women, speaking words of comfort again and again.

6.99.43 When all the rākṣasī women had gone back inside, Vibhīṣaṇa came to Rāma's side and stood there in a humble manner.

6.99.44 And Rāma too, together with his army, with Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa, attained joy at having slain his enemy, as the Hundred-Sacrificed Indra had upon slaying Vṛtra.

6.100.1 Having witnessed the slaying of Rāvaṇa, the gods, gandharvas, and dānavas departed in their various celestial vehicles, relating auspicious tales to one another.

6.100.2 They narrated the terrible slaying of Rāvaṇa, the valor of Rāghava, the glorious battle of the monkeys, and the counsel of Sugrīva—

6.100.3 —and the devotion and heroism of Saumitri Lakṣmaṇa; thus those greatly blessed ones departed rejoicing by the same way they had come.

6.100.4 Rāghava, that greatly blessed one, then dismissed the divine chariot given by Indra — radiant as a flame — and duly honored Mātali.

6.100.5 Granted leave by Rāghava, Mātali — charioteer of Śakra — mounted that divine chariot and ascended directly to heaven.

6.100.6 When that best of the gods' charioteers had ascended to heaven, Rāghava, filled with supreme joy, embraced Sugrīva.

6.100.7 Having embraced Sugrīva, saluted by Lakṣmaṇa, and honored by the foremost of the monkeys, he came to the army's encampment.

6.100.8 Then Rāma spoke to Saumitri Lakṣmaṇa — endowed with great virtue and blazing with splendor — who stood close by his side:

6.100.9 "O gentle one, consecrate Vibhīṣaṇa here as king of Laṅkā — he who is devoted to me, loyal to me, and has rendered me great service."

6.100.10 "This is my deepest wish, O gentle one: to see this younger brother of Rāvaṇa, Vibhīṣaṇa, consecrated as ruler of Laṅkā."

6.100.11 Thus addressed by the great-souled Rāghava, Saumitri replied "So be it" with great joy and took up a golden vessel.

6.100.12 With that vessel Saumitri consecrated Vibhīṣaṇa as king amid the rākṣasas of Laṅkā, acting on Rāma's command.

6.100.13 That righteous-souled one consecrated the pure-souled Vibhīṣaṇa, and his ministers and the rākṣasas devoted to him rejoiced greatly.

6.100.14 Seeing Vibhīṣaṇa consecrated as lord of the rākṣasas in Laṅkā, Rāghava together with Lakṣmaṇa was filled with supreme delight.

6.100.15 Having obtained that great kingship bestowed by Rāma, Vibhīṣaṇa pacified his subjects and then came before Rāma.

6.100.16 Then the joyous night-roaming citizens brought him unbroken grains, sweetmeats, parched rice, divine flowers, and garlands.

6.100.17 The invincible and valiant Vibhīṣaṇa accepted those auspicious and propitious offerings and presented them all to Rāghava and Lakṣmaṇa.

6.100.18 Seeing Vibhīṣaṇa's purpose accomplished and his aim fulfilled, Rāma accepted all of it solely out of desire to please him.

6.100.19 Then Rāghava addressed the monkey Hanūmant — that hero who resembles a mountain, standing at his side with palms joined in reverence:

6.100.20 "O gentle one, with the permission of this great king Vibhīṣaṇa, enter the abode of Rāvaṇa and, approaching with humility—"

6.100.21 "—tell Vaidehī that I am well, together with Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa, O foremost among the victorious, and that Rāvaṇa has been slain by me."

6.100.22 "Having delivered this joyful news to the Maithilī, O lord of the monkeys, and having received her message in return, you should come back."

6.101.1 Thus commissioned, Hanūmān — son of the wind-god — entered the city of Laṅkā, honored by the night-roaming rākṣasas along the way.

6.101.2 Entering the dwelling of Rāvaṇa, that one of great splendor saw Sītā bereft of her moon, like Rohiṇī separated from the moon and filled with terror.

6.101.3 Approaching her quietly, bowing low and stooping respectfully, he saluted her and began to relate in full the message of Rāma.

6.101.4 "O Vaidehī, Rāma is well, together with Sugrīva and Lakṣmaṇa; the subduer of foes, his purpose accomplished and his enemy slain, sends you his greetings."

6.101.5 "O goddess, Rāvaṇa has been slain by Rāma aided by Vibhīṣaṇa, together with the monkeys, and by the wise strategy of Lakṣmaṇa."

6.101.6 "The heroic Rāma, the delight of the Raghu line, having inquired after your welfare, spoke with supreme joy in his heart, his purpose fulfilled:"

6.101.7 "'I bring you joyful tidings, O goddess, and I honor you all the more: by good fortune you live, O one who knows righteousness, through my victory in battle.'"

6.101.8 "'Victory has been won by us, O Sītā — be at ease, let your anguish pass. That enemy Rāvaṇa is slain, and this Laṅkā has been brought under control.'"

6.101.9 "'This vow made by me — who went without sleep and remained steadfast in winning your liberation — has been fully fulfilled by building a bridge across the great ocean.'"

6.101.10 "'You who dwell in the abode of Rāvaṇa need have no anxiety, for this sovereignty of Laṅkā has been placed under the authority of Vibhīṣaṇa.'"

6.101.11 "'Therefore be at ease, confident that you are now in your own home; and this one comes joyfully, eager for the sight of you.'"

6.101.12 Thus addressed, Sītā — whose face resembles the moon — leapt up, but overcome with surging joy she spoke not a single word.

6.101.13 The foremost of monkeys said to Sītā, who remained silent and unresponsive: "Why do you ponder, O goddess? Why do you not speak to me?"

6.101.14 Thus addressed by Hanūmān, Sītā — steadfast in righteousness — spoke with supreme joy, her voice choked and trembling with delight:

6.101.15 "Having heard this joyful news concerning my lord's victory, I was overcome with a rush of delight and rendered speechless for a moment."

6.101.16 "For I cannot find, however much I ponder, O monkey, a fitting reward here to offer you in return for having conveyed this joyful tidings of mine."

6.101.17 "Nor do I see, O gentle monkey, anything on this entire earth that could be given to you as equal recompense for conveying this joyful news to me."

6.101.18 "Silver or gold, or gems of many kinds, or sovereignty over the three worlds — none of these is worthy even to speak of in this regard."

6.101.19 Thus addressed by Vaidehī, the monkey replied, standing before Sītā with his palms joined together in reverence:

6.101.20 "You alone are worthy to speak such words of tender affection — you who are devoted to your lord's welfare and happiness, and who desire your lord's victory."

6.101.21 "Your words, O gentle one, are full of substance and tender feeling; they surpass a multitude of gems of every kind, and even sovereignty over the realm of the gods."

6.101.22 "And in substance I have already obtained the goods of sovereignty over the gods and more, in that I behold Rāma victorious and his enemy slain — this is my reward."

6.101.23 "But if you grant permission, I wish to kill all these rākṣasī women who formerly threatened and terrorized you—"

6.101.24 "—those of dreadful appearance and behavior, cruel and with even crueler eyes, who tormented you — who hold your husband as your deity — when you were in the Aśoka grove."

6.101.25 "Those rākṣasīs of terrible speech — grant me this boon: I wish to slay these utterly dreadful ones by various means of destruction."

6.101.26 "With fists, with hands, and with feet, O beautiful one, with terrible blows of the knee, and by knocking out their teeth—"

6.101.27 "—by biting off their ears and noses, by tearing out their hair, and by striking those dried-mouthed ones with terrible blows and leaping upon them—"

6.101.28 "—by many such acts of punishment, O renowned goddess, I wish to kill these ones who have done you wrong, O mistress."

6.101.29 Thus addressed by the great-minded one, the renowned Vaidehī — daughter of Janaka — spoke to Hanūmān in words consonant with righteousness:

6.101.30 "Who would be angry at slave-women who are subject to royal authority, who act by another's command, and who must comply with orders? O foremost of monkeys—"

6.101.31 "All this has come upon me through the working of adverse fate and through past misdeeds; for one experiences the fruits of one's own actions."

6.101.32 "I am certain that I had to suffer this through the conjunction of circumstance. I, being helpless, endure the conduct of Rāvaṇa's slave-women."

6.101.33 "These rākṣasīs threatened me under Rāvaṇa's orders; now that he is slain, O foremost of monkeys, they would not threaten me anymore."

6.101.34 "There is an ancient verse in keeping with righteousness, sung by a bear in the presence of a tiger — hear it from me, O monkey:"

6.101.35 "'Another does not incur the sin belonging to those who perform sinful acts; the noble, who are adorned by righteous conduct, must observe the proper code of behavior.'"

6.101.36 "Whether toward the wicked or the virtuous, even those deserving of death, O monkey, a noble one must show compassion — for there is no one who never transgresses."

6.101.37 "Even toward rākṣasas who roam the worlds delighting in harm and who take whatever form they wish, even while committing sins, nothing unworthy should be done."

6.101.38 Thus addressed by Sītā, Hanūmān — skilled in speech — replied to Sītā, the renowned wife of Rāma:

6.101.39 "You are truly the righteous and renowned wife of Rāma, befitting him. Give me your message to carry back, O goddess — I shall go to where Rāghava is."

6.101.40 Thus addressed by Hanūmān, Vaidehī — daughter of Janaka — said: "I desire to see my husband, O foremost of monkeys."

6.101.41 Hearing those words of hers, Hanūmān — son of the wind-god, of great radiance — spoke these words, filling the Maithilī with joy:

6.101.42 "You shall see Rāma, O noble lady — his face like the full moon — together with Lakṣmaṇa, firm in friendship and his enemy destroyed, as Śacī sees the lord of the thirty gods."

6.101.43 Having spoken thus to Sītā — who shone like Śrī herself made manifest — the swift Hanūmān came to where Rāghava was.

6.102.1 The monkey, skilled in meaning, approached Rāma — most wise and best among all bowmen — and spoke these words to him:

6.102.2 "She on whose account this entire undertaking began and its fruits have ripened — that goddess Maithilī, scorched by sorrow, you should now behold."

6.102.3 "For she — the Maithilī — though overwhelmed with grief and her eyes clouded with tears, upon hearing of your victory, was filled with joy."

6.102.4 "And she, trusting in our earlier bond of confidence, said to me: 'I desire to see my husband, his purpose accomplished, together with Lakṣmaṇa.'"

6.102.5 Thus addressed by Hanūmān, Rāma — best among upholders of righteousness — suddenly fell into deep contemplation, his eyes flooded with tears.

6.102.6 Sighing long and deeply, his gaze cast down to the earth, he spoke to Vibhīṣaṇa — who resembles a cloud — standing at hand:

6.102.7 "Have Vaidehī anointed with divine fragrant pastes, adorned with divine ornaments, and bathed with her hair washed, and bring Sītā here without delay."

6.102.8 Thus addressed by Rāma, the eager Vibhīṣaṇa entered the inner apartments and urged Sītā through his own women attendants:

6.102.9 "O Vaidehī, anointed with divine fragrant pastes and adorned with divine ornaments, mount the palanquin — may it be auspicious for you; your husband desires to see you."

6.102.10 Thus addressed, Vaidehī replied to Vibhīṣaṇa: "O lord of the rākṣasas, I wish to see my husband without bathing first."

6.102.11 Hearing those words of hers, Vibhīṣaṇa replied: "As your husband Rāma has said, so it is fitting that you act."

6.102.12 Hearing those words of his, the Maithilī — who holds her husband as her deity, who has taken the vow of devotion to her husband, that virtuous one — replied "So be it."

6.102.13 Then Sītā, her hair bathed, adorned by young women, wearing precious ornaments and clothed in costly garments—

6.102.14 —was placed upon a blazing-bright palanquin covered with the most precious cloth and guarded by many rākṣasas, and Vibhīṣaṇa brought her forward.

6.102.15 Approaching the great-souled Rāma and perceiving that he was absorbed in deep thought, Vibhīṣaṇa bowed humbly and joyfully announced that Sītā had arrived.

6.102.16 Upon hearing of her arrival — she who had long dwelt in the house of the rākṣasas — three emotions simultaneously seized Rāghava: joy, dejection, and anger.

6.102.17 Then, seeing Vibhīṣaṇa standing at his side and deliberating with grave reflection, the joyless Rāghava spoke these words:

6.102.18 "O gentle lord of rākṣasas, ever devoted to my victory — let Vaidehī come swiftly into my presence."

6.102.19 Understanding that command of Rāghava, Vibhīṣaṇa quickly set about clearing the way on all sides.

6.102.20 Men wearing armor-coats and turbans, bearing rattling cane staffs, moved about on all sides clearing and dispersing the crowd.

6.102.21 The crowds of bears, monkeys, and rākṣasas being driven back on all sides were dispersed far away from there.

6.102.22 From all of them as they were being dispersed arose a roar like the sound of the ocean being churned up by the wind.

6.102.23 Seeing them being driven away on all sides in a commotion, Rāghava — out of both courtesy and impatience — ordered them to stop.

6.102.24 And Rāma, agitated, his eyes burning as if with fire, spoke these reproachful words to the greatly wise Vibhīṣaṇa:

6.102.25 "Why, disregarding me, are these people being harassed by you? Stop this effort — these people are my own people."

6.102.26 "Not houses, not garments, not walls are screens of concealment — the proper veil of a woman is her conduct; such is not the way a woman is honored by a king."

6.102.27 "In times of misfortune, in hardship, in battle, at a svayaṃvara, at a sacrifice, or at a wedding — the sight of a woman is not a fault."

6.102.28 "This Sītā has been through war and has stood in great hardship; there is no fault in seeing her, especially in my presence."

6.102.29 "Therefore bring her swiftly into my presence, O Vibhīṣaṇa — let Sītā see me standing here surrounded by the company of friends."

6.102.30 Thus addressed by Rāma, the reflective Vibhīṣaṇa humbly and respectfully led Sītā into Rāma's presence.

6.102.31 Then Lakṣmaṇa, Sugrīva, and the monkey Hanūmān, having heard Rāma's words, became greatly distressed.

6.102.32 From his harsh manner and gestures showing indifference toward his wife, they surmised that Rāghava seemed displeased with Sītā.

6.102.33 The Maithilī, shrinking with shame into her own limbs, accompanied by Vibhīṣaṇa, moved toward her husband.

6.102.34 She, her face half-concealed in her garment, wept with shame in that assembly of people as she drew near to her husband, speaking the words "O noble son."

6.102.35 With wonder, with surging joy, with love, and with lament she gazed up at her husband's gentle face — she whose own face was yet more gentle.

6.102.36 Then, gazing long upon the beloved face of her husband — radiant as the risen full moon in its beauty — she whose own face resembled the pure moon put aside the weariness of her heart, and thus she stood.

6.103.1 Seeing Maithilī standing humbly at his side, Rāma — his anger held within his heart — began to speak.

6.103.2 "You have been won back, fair one, with my enemy vanquished in battle; what a man of honour was bound to do, that I have accomplished.

6.103.3 I have put an end to my indignation; the affront has been wiped clean; dishonour and enemy — both have been uprooted by me at the same time.

6.103.4 Today my manly vigour stands proven; today my toil has borne fruit; today, having fulfilled my vow, I am master of myself.

6.103.5 You were carried off by a fickle-minded Rākṣasa — that fault wrought by fate has been overcome by me, a mortal.

6.103.6 What purpose of man does that man of feeble spirit serve, who does not wipe away with his valour the dishonour he has received?

6.103.7 Today that praiseworthy act of Hanūmat — the crossing of the ocean and the trampling of Laṅkā — has borne its fruit.

6.103.8 Today the exertion of Sugrīva, who strove valiantly in battle and counselled my welfare together with his army, has borne its fruit.

6.103.9 Today the effort of the devoted Vibhīṣaṇa — who, abandoning his worthless brother, came to me of his own accord — has borne its fruit.

6.103.10 As Rāma spoke these words, Sītā — her eyes wide open like a doe's — was flooded with tears.

6.103.11 As Rāma looked upon her, his anger flared up afresh, blazing like a fire fed with copious ghee.

6.103.12 With furrowed brow and eyes cast askance, he spoke harshly to Sītā in the midst of the monkeys and Rākṣasas:

6.103.13 "Whatever a man must do to wipe away an outrage, all of that has been done, O Sītā, in my fury against the enemy.

6.103.14 As the southern quarter was subdued by the sage Agastya — his soul perfected by asceticism — hard to overcome in all the world, so has the foe been vanquished.

6.103.15 Know well, fair one, that this toil of battle was undertaken and brought to completion through the valour of friends — not for your sake by me.

6.103.16 It was undertaken by me to safeguard my conduct, to ward off reproach on every side, and to wipe clean the stain on my celebrated lineage.

6.103.17 Now that suspicion has arisen about your chastity, your standing before me is as offensive to me as a lamp is to one whose eyes are afflicted.

6.103.18 Therefore, O daughter of Janaka, you are dismissed — go wherever you wish, to these ten directions; I have no further need of you.

6.103.19 For what man of noble birth and self-respect, his heart guided by good counsel, would take back a woman who has lived in another's house?

6.103.20 How could I take you back again — you who have fallen from Rāvaṇa's lap and been beheld by his lustful eyes — I, who declare my lineage to be great?

6.103.21 The war was fought for that purpose; my honour has been retrieved by me; I have no attachment to you — depart hence wherever you please.

6.103.22 This, fair one, I have declared with a settled mind. Set your heart, if you wish, on Lakṣmaṇa or on Bharata.

6.103.23 Or fix your mind upon Sugrīva, king of the monkeys, or upon Vibhīṣaṇa, lord of the Rākṣasas, O Sītā — or wherever your own happiness lies.

6.103.24 For Rāvaṇa, beholding you of divine form and captivating beauty dwelling in his own abode, would not have endured it long without consummating his desire.

6.103.25 Then Maithilī, worthy to receive love at his feet, hearing those unwelcome words from her beloved after so long, burst into profuse weeping, trembling like a vine struck by the trunk of a lordly elephant.

6.104.1 Thus addressed with harsh and hair-raising words by the wrathful Rāghava, Vaidehī was deeply distressed.

6.104.2 Hearing those rough words of her husband — words never heard before — in that great assembly, Maithilī was overwhelmed with shame.

6.104.3 The daughter of Janaka, as though pierced to the quick by those verbal shafts, seemed to sink into herself, and shed copious tears.

6.104.4 Then, wiping her face wet with tears, she spoke these words to her husband in a slow, choked voice:

6.104.5 "Why do you cause me to hear such unworthy and ear-searing harsh words, O hero — as a vulgar man speaks to a common woman?

6.104.6 I am not as you imagine, O great-armed one. Know me truly — I swear to you by my own conduct.

6.104.7 You suspect the whole class on account of the ways of lowly women; abandon this suspicion — I am one who has been tested.

6.104.8 If, O lord, I came into bodily contact against my will, the fault is not mine there — it is fate that is to blame.

6.104.9 But what is under my control — my heart — that abides in you; what could I do, powerless, over a body under another's control?

6.104.10 If I am not known to you through our shared upbringing and intimacy, O giver of honour, then I am forever destroyed by that.

6.104.11 When your hero Hanūmat was sent to find me and I was in Laṅkā, why were you not pleased to have me abandoned then, O hero?

6.104.12 In the presence of the lord of monkeys, immediately upon receiving your message, I — being abandoned by you, O hero — would have given up my life.

6.104.13 Your toil would not have been in vain, having laid down my life in doubt, and the suffering of your allies would not have been fruitless.

6.104.14 But you, O tiger among men, following only your anger, have given precedence — as a shallow man would — merely to the fact of my womanhood.

6.104.15 My origin not from Janaka but from the earth's surface, and my conduct — you who are learned in conduct — has not been given weight by you.

6.104.16 The hand clasped in childhood, pressed by a child, my devotion and my character — all of this you have cast behind you.

6.104.17 Speaking thus, weeping, her voice faltering with sobs, Sītā addressed Lakṣmaṇa, who stood absorbed in thought, downcast:

6.104.18 "Build me a pyre, O son of Sumitrā — that is the remedy for this calamity. Struck down by a false accusation, I have no wish to live.

6.104.19 Forsaken in a public assembly by a husband who takes no pleasure in my virtues, the only course befitting me is to enter the fire."

6.104.20 Addressed thus by Vaidehī, Lakṣmaṇa — the slayer of enemy heroes — fell under the sway of indignation and looked towards Rāghava's face.

6.104.21 Understanding Rāma's wish as indicated by his demeanour, the valiant son of Sumitrā built the pyre in accordance with Rāma's intent.

6.104.22 Then Vaidehī, after slowly circumambulating Rāma with his face cast downward, approached the blazing fire.

6.104.23 Maithilī, bowing to the gods and the Brāhmaṇas, stood near the fire with hands folded in reverence and spoke thus:

6.104.24 "As my heart has never strayed from Rāghava, so may Pāvaka, the witness of all worlds, protect me on every side."

6.104.25 Having spoken thus and circumambulated the fire, Vaidehī entered the blazing flames with a heart utterly serene and free of attachment.

6.104.26 That vast assembly gathered there — thronged with young and old alike — witnessed Maithilī entering the fire.

6.104.27 As she entered the fire, a great cry of "Alas! Alas!" arose among the Rākṣasas and the monkeys — a sound beyond all wonder.

6.105.1 Then Vaiśravaṇa the king, and Yama the afflicitor of foes, and the thousand-eyed Mahendra, and the scorching Varuṇa —

6.105.2 — and the glorious three-eyed Mahādeva whose banner bears the bull, and Brahmā the creator of all worlds, best among knowers of Brahman —

6.105.3 — all of these assembled together and, arriving at the city of Laṅkā in celestial chariots bright as the sun, approached Rāghava.

6.105.4 Then the chiefs of the thirty gods, raising their broad arms adorned with bracelets, addressed Rāghava as he stood with hands reverently joined:

6.105.5 "You are the creator of all worlds, the foremost among the wise, best of all. How can you disregard Sītā as she falls into the fire? How do you not know yourself to be the chief among the hosts of gods?"

6.105.6 "You were formerly Ṛtadhāman, a Vasu, lord of the Vasus — you are the primordial creator of the three worlds, self-luminous.

6.105.7 You are the eighth Rudra among the Rudras, and the fifth among the Sādhyas; the two Aśvins are your ears, and the moon and sun your two eyes.

6.105.8 You are seen at the beginning and end of the worlds, O scorcher of foes — yet you ignore Vaidehī as though you were an ordinary mortal.

6.105.9 Thus addressed by those guardians of the worlds, Rāghava — lord of the worlds, Rāma, best of those who uphold dharma — spoke to the chiefs of the thirty gods:

6.105.10 "I consider myself a mortal man, Rāma the son of Daśaratha. Who I am, whose I am, and whence I am — let the blessed one tell me that."

6.105.11 To Kākutstha speaking thus, Brahmā — best among knowers of Brahman — said: "Hear the truth from me, O Rāma of true valour:

6.105.12 You are the god Nārāyaṇa, the glorious, the all-pervading lord who wields the discus; you are the boar with a single tusk, the vanquisher of foes past and future.

6.105.13 You are the imperishable, the truth of Brahman, in the middle and at the end, O Rāghava; you are the supreme dharma of the worlds, Viṣvaksena, four-armed.

6.105.14 You are Śārṅgadhanvan, Hṛṣīkeśa, the Puruṣa, Puruṣottama, the Unconquered, the sword-bearer, Viṣṇu, Kṛṣṇa, and the immensely powerful one.

6.105.15 You are the general of armies and the village chief; you are intellect, being, patience, and restraint; you are the source and dissolution; you are Upendra and Madhusūdana.

6.105.16 You are the one who acts like Indra, great Mahendra, Padmanābha, the destroyer of enemies in battle; the divine great sages call you the refuge and the shelter.

6.105.17 You are the thousand-horned, the soul of the Vedas, the hundred-tongued, the great bull; you are the sacrifice, you are the vaṣaṭ-call, you are the syllable Oṃ, O scorcher of foes.

6.105.18 None knows your origin or your end, nor who you are; you are seen in all beings, in Brāhmaṇas, and in cows.

6.105.19 In all directions, in the sky, in mountains and in forests — you of a thousand feet, the glorious, the hundred-headed, the bearer of a thousand weapons.

6.105.20 You sustain all beings and the earth with its mountains; at the end of the earth you appear in the waters as the great serpent.

6.105.21 You uphold the three worlds, O Rāma — gods, Gandharvas, and Dānavas; I, Brahmā, am your heart, O Rāma, and the goddess Sarasvatī your tongue.

6.105.22 The gods were fashioned as the hairs of your body by Brahmā, O lord; your closing of the eyes became night, your opening of the eyes became day.

6.105.23 The Vedas became your sacraments; nothing exists apart from you; the entire universe is your body, and the steadiness of the earth is your steadfastness.

6.105.24 Fire is your wrath and Soma your serenity, O bearer of the Śrīvatsa mark; in ancient times the three worlds were traversed by you with three strides.

6.105.25 Mahendra was made king by you after binding Bali the great Asura; Sītā is Lakṣmī, you are Viṣṇu the god, Kṛṣṇa, Prajāpati.

6.105.26 You entered a human body here for the purpose of slaying Rāvaṇa; that purpose of ours has been accomplished by you, O best of those who uphold dharma.

6.105.27 Rāvaṇa is slain, O Rāma — ascend to heaven rejoicing; your strength and valour are unfailing, and your heroism is unfailing.

6.105.28 Those mortals who are devoted to you, who are steadfastly devoted to you — the ancient, eternal god, Puruṣottama — will never be frustrated.

6.105.29 Those mortals who shall glorify you — for them there is no defeat."

6.106.1 Having heard this auspicious speech uttered by the Grandfather (Brahmā), Vibhāvasu (Agni, the fire-god) leapt forth, taking Vaidehī in his arms.

6.106.2 She resembled the rising sun; she was adorned with ornaments of refined gold; she wore red garments; she was young, with dark and curling hair—

6.106.3 —bearing unfaded garlands and ornaments, lovely in form, and noble of spirit: Vibhāvasu, placing Vaidehī upon his lap, presented her to Rāma.

6.106.4 And then Pāvaka (Agni), the witness of all the worlds, spoke to Rāma: "Here is your Vaidehī, O Rāma; no sin exists in her.

6.106.5 Neither by speech, nor by mind, nor by contemplation, nor by glance has this virtuous woman, proud of her good conduct, ever transgressed against you.

6.106.6 She was carried off by Rāvaṇa, that demon swollen with arrogance; separated from you, she was wretched and helpless, taken from the desolate forest.

6.106.7 Imprisoned within the inner chambers, guarded closely, her mind fixed on you alone, wholly devoted to you, she was watched over by bands of deformed and dreadful-looking rākṣasīs.

6.106.8 Though tempted in various ways and repeatedly threatened, Maithilī gave no thought to that demon, for her innermost soul was wholly given over to you.

6.106.9 Take back this woman of pure heart and free of sin, O Rāghava. There is nothing to be said against her — I command you thus.

6.106.10 Thus addressed, Rāma — of great splendour, firm resolve, and steadfast valour, the foremost among upholders of dharma — spoke to that chief of the thirty gods (Agni):

6.106.11 "Sītā must certainly undergo purification before the three worlds, for this auspicious woman has long dwelt in Rāvaṇa's inner chambers.

6.106.12 For the virtuous would say of me, 'Rāma, son of Daśaratha, is foolish and enslaved by desire,' if I were to take back Jānakī without purifying her.

6.106.13 I too know Maithilī, daughter of Janaka, to be undivided in her heart, devoted, and scrupulously guarded in her mind toward me.

6.106.14 But for the conviction of the three worlds — I who am anchored in truth — I allowed Vaidehī to enter the sacrificial fire.

6.106.15 Even this wide-eyed woman, protected by her own radiance, could not be transgressed by Rāvaṇa, just as the great ocean cannot overstep its shore.

6.106.16 That evil-souled one was not capable of violating Maithilī even in thought — she who was beyond his reach, blazing like a tongue of fire.

6.106.17 This auspicious woman does not deserve the taint of Rāvaṇa's dominion over her, for Sītā is inseparable from me as radiance is from the sun.

6.106.18 Maithilī, daughter of Janaka, is pure in all three worlds; she is no more to be abandoned than a self-possessed man can abandon his own fame.

6.106.19 And I must comply with the salutary word of all of you — affectionate, honoured in all the worlds, and speaking thus for my welfare."

6.106.20 Having spoken these words and being praised by the mighty gods for his own deeds, Rāma the mighty — Rāghava who was worthy of happiness — was reunited with his beloved and experienced joy.

6.107.1 Having heard this auspicious speech spoken eloquently by Rāghava, Maheśvara (Śiva) uttered these still more auspicious words:

6.107.2 "O lotus-eyed one, mighty-armed one, broad-chested one, scorcher of foes — by good fortune this deed has been accomplished by you, O foremost among those who bear arms!

6.107.3 By good fortune, O Rāma, the dreadful darkness that had spread over all the worlds, the terror born of Rāvaṇa, has been rolled back by you in battle.

6.107.4 Console Bharata who is afflicted with grief; and visit the glorious Kausalyā, and Kaikeyī, and Sumitrā — the mother of Lakṣmaṇa;

6.107.5 regain the kingdom of Ayodhyā, delight your well-wishers, and establish the lineage in the family of the Ikṣvākus, O mighty one;

6.107.6 having performed the horse-sacrifice and attained incomparable glory, having given wealth to the brāhmaṇas — then you shall be worthy to go to the heavenly realm."

6.107.7 "O Kākutstha, there stands your father, King Daśaratha, seated in his celestial vehicle — your revered elder in the human world, of great and illustrious fame.

6.107.8 The glorious one has reached Indra's realm, ferried across by you, his son. Pay your respects to him together with your brother Lakṣmaṇa."

6.107.9 Hearing the words of Mahādeva (Śiva), Kākutstha together with Lakṣmaṇa bowed in reverence to his father who stood at the summit of the celestial vehicle.

6.107.10 The lord saw his father blazing with his own radiance, clothed in spotless garments, together with his brother Lakṣmaṇa.

6.107.11 Then Daśaratha, that ruler of the earth, seated in the celestial vehicle, was seized with great joy upon beholding his son who was dearer to him than life.

6.107.12 The mighty-armed lord, seated on a splendid throne, lifted him onto his lap, embraced him with both arms, and then began to speak:

6.107.13 "Heaven is not dear to me, nor the honour shown by gods and sages, when I am deprived of you, O Rāma — this I promise you in truth.

6.107.14 The words spoken by Kaikeyī, O foremost of speakers, those words aimed at sending you into exile — they have weighed upon my heart.

6.107.15 But now, seeing you well and embracing you together with Lakṣmaṇa, I am this day freed from sorrow, as the sun is freed from mist.

6.107.16 I have been ferried across by you, O son, by a noble son of great soul — as the righteous brahmin was once ferried across by Aṣṭāvakra.

6.107.17 And now I understand, O gentle one, how the highest among men was appointed here by the lords of the gods for the purpose of slaying Rāvaṇa.

6.107.18 Truly, Kausalyā has achieved her purpose — she who, filled with joy, will behold you, O slayer of enemies, returned from the forest and come home.

6.107.19 Truly, those men have achieved their purpose, O Rāma, who will behold you as lord of the earth, entered into the city and anointed with consecration-waters.

6.107.20 I wish to see you united with Bharata, who is devoted to you, mighty, pure, and devoted to dharma.

6.107.21 Fourteen years, O gentle one, have been spent by you dwelling in the forest together with Sītā and the wise Lakṣmaṇa.

6.107.22 Your forest-exile is ended, your vow has been fulfilled; having slain Rāvaṇa in battle, you have given satisfaction to the gods.

6.107.23 A praiseworthy deed has been accomplished and glorious renown has been attained by you, O slayer of enemies. Established in the kingdom together with your brothers, may you enjoy a long life."

6.107.24 To the king speaking thus, Rāma spoke with folded hands: "O knower of dharma, grant your grace to Kaikeyī and to Bharata.

6.107.25 The dreadful curse you pronounced upon Kaikeyī — 'I abandon you together with your son' — let that curse, O lord, not touch Kaikeyī together with her son."

6.107.26 The great king said "So be it" to Rāma who stood with joined palms; then, embracing Lakṣmaṇa, he spoke again:

6.107.27 "By serving Rāma with devotion, together with Vaidehī Sītā, you have given me great joy, and you have obtained the fruit of dharma.

6.107.28 You shall attain dharma, O knower of dharma, and abundant glory on earth; and, with Rāma pleased with you, you shall also attain heaven and greatness.

6.107.29 Serve Rāma — be blessed, O increaser of Sumitrā's joy! Rāma is always devoted to the welfare of all the worlds.

6.107.30 These three worlds together with Indra, the Siddhas, and the supreme sages, approach and worship this great-souled one, Puruṣottama (the highest of beings).

6.107.31 This is he of whom it is spoken as the unmanifest, the imperishable, the one fashioned by Brahman, the heart of the gods, O gentle one, the secret — Rāma, the scorcher of foes.

6.107.32 By serving Rāma with devotion together with Vaidehī Sītā, you have obtained the practice of dharma and abundant glory.

6.107.33 Having spoken thus to Lakṣmaṇa who stood with joined palms, that righteous king of mighty arms then spoke these auspicious words to Vaidehī:

6.107.34 "Do not feel anger regarding this abandonment, O Vaidehī; this was done by Rāma, who seeks your good, for the purpose of establishing your purity.

6.107.35 You, O fair-browed one, need no instruction regarding devotion to your husband; yet it must be said by me: he is your supreme deity.

6.107.36 Having thus instructed both sons, Sītā, and his daughter-in-law, the blazing Daśaratha departed to Indra's realm in his celestial vehicle.

6.108.1 After Kākutstha (Daśaratha) had departed, Mahendra — the chastiser of Pāka — filled with the highest delight, spoke to Rāghava who stood with joined palms:

6.108.2 "Your sight to us, O Rāma, O scorcher of foes, is never in vain. I am filled with affection on that account — speak, tell me whatever your mind desires."

6.108.3 Thus addressed, Kākutstha — together with his brother Lakṣmaṇa and his wife Sītā — replied with joined palms:

6.108.4 "If affection has arisen for me, O lord of all the gods, then I shall speak — fulfil my word truly, O foremost of speakers.

6.108.5 All those vānaras who fought valiantly on my behalf and went to the abode of Yama — let them all rise again, having obtained life.

6.108.6 They are devoted to my beloved ones and did not reckon with death; by your grace, let them be reunited with their kin. This is the boon I choose.

6.108.7 I wish to see them — the golāṅgūlas (tailed monkeys) and likewise the ṛkṣas (bears) — free of disease, free of wounds, fully endowed with strength and vigour, O granter of honour.

6.108.8 And even out of season, let choice roots and fruits be available, and let clear rivers stand wherever the vānaras may be."

6.108.9 Having heard those words of that great-souled Rāghava, Mahendra replied with words marked by affection:

6.108.10 "Great is this boon you have named, O dear one, O joy of the Raghus: the monkeys shall rise again, as those who slept wake at the passing of slumber.

6.108.11 They shall all be reunited with their friends, kinsmen, relatives, and own people, joined together with the highest joy.

6.108.12 Even out of season, the trees shall be filled with blossoms and laden with fruit, O great archer, and the rivers shall be full of water."

6.108.13 The vānaras whose limbs had first been covered with wounds became again free of wounds; all of them arose, astonished and asking, "What is this?"

6.108.14 All the foremost gods, seeing Kākutstha whose purpose was fully accomplished, first praised him who was worthy of praise together with Lakṣmaṇa, and then spoke:

6.108.15 "Go hence to Ayodhyā, O hero; dismiss the vānaras; and comfort Maithilī, this devoted and long-suffering woman.

6.108.16 See your brother Bharata who has been observing vows in his grief for you; anoint yourself as king, and going to the citizens, bring them joy."

6.108.17 Having spoken thus and taking leave of Rāma together with the son of Sumitrā, the gods, filled with joy, departed to heaven in celestial vehicles blazing like the sun.

6.108.18 And Kākutstha, having paid his respects to all those foremost of the thirty gods, then commanded his army to encamp, together with his brother Lakṣmaṇa.

6.108.19 Then that great army, guarded by Lakṣmaṇa and Rāma, its people filled with joy, glorious and blazing with splendour, shone resplendently on every side — even as the moon, led forth by night, blazes with cool radiance.

6.109.1 Having passed the night, Rāma — the subduer of foes — rose at ease; Vibhīṣaṇa approached with folded hands, offered felicitations on his victory, and addressed him.

6.109.2 "Bathing waters, unguents for the body, garments and ornaments, divine sandalwood paste, and garlands of various kinds —

6.109.3 — and these women skilled in adornment, with eyes like lotuses, stand ready to bathe you duly according to rite, O Rāghava."

6.109.4 Thus addressed, Kākutstha replied to Vibhīṣaṇa: "Invite the monkeys headed by Sugrīva to bathe as well."

6.109.5 "That righteous-souled one, who deserves comfort, tender-limbed and long-armed, that prince of true vow —

6.109.6 — without that son of Kaikeyī, the righteous Bharata, who pines on my account, bathing, garments, and ornaments hold no great value for me.

6.109.7 Let us proceed swiftly by this very route back to that city, Ayodhyā — for this road, though traversed, is exceedingly difficult."

6.109.8 Thus addressed, Vibhīṣaṇa replied to Kākutstha: "I shall bring you to that city within a single day, O son of a king.

6.109.9 The aerial chariot called Puṣpaka — brilliant as the sun — which was forcibly taken from my brother Kubera by Rāvaṇa, bodes well for you.

6.109.10 That chariot, resembling a cloud, stands here; by it, O conqueror of the lordly elephant, you shall travel to Ayodhyā.

6.109.11 If I am worthy of your grace, if you remember my merits, if you have friendship for me — then, O wise one, dwell here for a time.

6.109.12 Honoured together with your brother Lakṣmaṇa and your wife Vaidehī with every comfort and desire, then, O Rāma, you shall depart."

6.109.13 "With your army and the assembly of your friends, O Rāma — please accept this hospitality that has been arranged and offered by me with joy.

6.109.14 Out of affection, deep regard, and friendship, O Rāghava, I am making this plea — I am your servant; I am not issuing you a command."

6.109.15 Thus addressed, Rāma then replied to Vibhīṣaṇa within the hearing of all the Rākṣasas and the monkeys:

6.109.16 "I have been honoured by you, O hero, O scorcher of foes, through your ministership, through every deed with body and mind, and through your supreme friendship.

6.109.17 I would not fail to carry out this word of yours, O lord of Rākṣasas — yet my heart is eager to see my brother Bharata.

6.109.18 He who came to Citrakūṭa to turn me back, bowing his head in supplication — whose entreaty I did not grant —

6.109.19 — and Kausalyā, Sumitrā, and the illustrious Kaikeyī, my elders and my friends, and the citizens together with their sons —

6.109.20 — provide for me the chariot swiftly, O lord of Rākṣasas; now that my purpose is fulfilled, residence here is hardly agreeable to me.

6.109.21 Grant me leave, O gentle one; I have been honoured, Vibhīṣaṇa — you must not take offence; I take my leave hastily and beg your indulgence.

6.109.22 Then — adorned with golden decorations, furnished with platforms of lapis lazuli, surrounded on all sides by pavilions, radiant with the lustre of silver —

6.109.23 — decked with white pennants and standards, beautified with golden mansions, embellished with golden lotuses,

6.109.24 — strewn with clusters of small bells, with windows inlaid with pearl and gem, encircled by networks of bells giving forth sweet sounds on every side —

6.109.25 — shaped like the peak of Mount Meru, fashioned by Viśvakarman, adorned with many mansions gleaming white with pearl and silver —

6.109.26 — its floors decorated with crystal, with choice seats of lapis lazuli, furnished with rich and costly coverings, endowed with great wealth —

6.109.27 — that irresistible chariot, swift as thought, was presented to Rāma, and Vibhīṣaṇa stood before him.

6.110.1 Seeing the Puṣpaka chariot — adorned with flowers — standing near at hand, Vibhīṣaṇa addressed Rāma.

6.110.2 That lord of Rākṣasas, hands folded, bowing humbly and deferentially, asked Rāghava with urgent solicitude: "What shall I do?"

6.110.3 The great-souled Rāghava, reflecting, spoke these words filled with affection within the hearing of Lakṣmaṇa:

6.110.4 "The forest-dwelling monkeys who have laboured and exerted themselves — honour them, Vibhīṣaṇa, with jewels, wealth of various kinds, and ornaments.

6.110.5 Together with them, O lord of Rākṣasas, Laṅkā has been conquered — by those who, rejoicing, cast aside all fear for their lives and never turned back in battle.

6.110.6 When honoured thus — as they deserve to be honoured — these chiefs of the monkey hosts, O bestower of honour, will become content, gratified by your grateful heart.

6.110.7 Since they know you as one who is generous, who gathers allies, who is compassionate and illustrious — for that very reason I remind you of this."

6.110.8 Thus addressed by Rāma, Vibhīṣaṇa honoured all those monkeys, distributing jewels and wealth to each.

6.110.9 Then, having seen the troop-leaders thus honoured with jewels and wealth, Rāma mounted that supreme chariot.

6.110.10 Taking the illustrious Vaidehī, who was modest with shyness, onto his lap, and accompanied by his heroic, bow-bearing brother Lakṣmaṇa,

6.110.11 Kākutstha, seated in the chariot, addressed all the monkeys and the mighty Sugrīva and the Rākṣasa Vibhīṣaṇa:

6.110.12 "The duty of friends has been performed by you, O foremost of monkeys; you are all dismissed by me — depart, each as you wish."

6.110.13 "O scorcher of foes, Sugrīva — all that befits a comrade and a friend has been done by you, who are ever reverent of dharma; return swiftly to Kiṣkindhā, surrounded by your own army.

6.110.14 Dwell in sovereignty over Laṅkā, given by me to you, Vibhīṣaṇa — not even the gods together with Indra are capable of assailing you.

6.110.15 I am about to return to Ayodhyā, my father's royal capital; I wish to take your leave — I bid farewell to you all."

6.110.16 Thus addressed by Rāma, those immensely powerful monkeys and the Rākṣasa Vibhīṣaṇa replied with folded hands: "We wish to go to Ayodhyā — let your honour lead all of us."

6.110.17 "Having seen you consecrated with the coronation waters, and having paid homage to Kausalyā, we shall before long return to our own homes, O son of the king."

6.110.18 Thus addressed by the monkeys together with Vibhīṣaṇa, the righteous-souled, illustrious Rāghava spoke to them — Sugrīva and Vibhīṣaṇa among them:

6.110.19 "What is dearer than the dear has been gained by me — accompanied by my friends and together with all of you, I shall experience joy upon reaching my city.

6.110.20 Board the chariot swiftly, Sugrīva, together with your monkeys; you too ascend, Vibhīṣaṇa, lord of Rākṣasas, along with your ministers."

6.110.21 Then Sugrīva together with his army swiftly and quickly ascended that divine Puṣpaka chariot, as did Vibhīṣaṇa with his ministers.

6.110.22 When all of them had boarded, that supreme vehicle of Kubera, permitted to rise by Rāghava, soared aloft into the sky.

6.110.23 Rāma, filled with delight and elation, travelled in that resplendent chariot yoked with swans, and shone like Kubera himself.

6.111.1 That supreme chariot, set in motion by Rāma, soared upward like a great cloud lifted by the wind.

6.111.2 Then the joy of the Raghu line, Rāma, cast his gaze in every direction and addressed Maithilī Sītā, whose face resembled the moon:

6.111.3 "Look, O Vaidehī, upon Laṅkā, standing upon the peak of Trikūṭa whose shape resembles the summit of Kailāsa — built by Viśvakarman.

6.111.4 Behold this battlefield, O Sītā — turned to a mire of flesh and blood — the great slaughter-ground of the monkeys and Rākṣasas.

6.111.5 For your sake, O large-eyed one, Rāvaṇa was slain by me; Kumbhakarṇa was slain here, and the night-roaming Prahasta as well.

6.111.6 Indrajit, son of Rāvaṇa — also called Rāvaṇi — was slain in battle here by Lakṣmaṇa, and also the dreadful-eyed Virūpākṣa, Mahāpārśva, and Mahōdara.

6.111.7 Akampana too was slain here, and other powerful Rākṣasas — Triśiras, Atikāya, Devāntaka, and Narāntaka.

6.111.8 Here Mandodarī, his wife by name, lamented for him, surrounded by a thousand fellow-wives, all weeping.

6.111.9 That ford of the ocean is visible here, O fairest one, where, having crossed the sea, we spent the night.

6.111.10 This bridge was built by me across the ocean, the water-flood — for your sake, O large-eyed one — the bridge of Nala, most difficult to construct.

6.111.11 Behold the imperturbable ocean, O Vaidehī — the abode of Varuṇa — roaring boundlessly, frequented by conches and oysters.

6.111.12 Look, O Maithilī, at that golden mountain, king of mountains, with a golden navel — which rose out of the ocean after splitting it, to give Hanūmat a place to rest.

6.111.13 Here came this king of Rākṣasas, Vibhīṣaṇa, to offer himself.

6.111.14 That city visible yonder, O Sītā, is Kiṣkindhā, with its colourful woodlands — Sugrīva's charming city, where Vālī was slain by me.

6.111.15 That great mountain gleaming like a cloud with lightning is visible yonder, O Sītā — Ṛśyamūka, finest of mountains, clad in golden minerals.

6.111.16 Here I met Sugrīva, lord of monkeys, and here, O Sītā, the compact was made by me for the slaying of Vālī.

6.111.17 That is the Pampā lake visible yonder, adorned with lotuses and colourful woodlands — where I, bereft of you, lamented in deep anguish.

6.111.18 On the bank of this lake I encountered the righteous Śabarī; and here Kabandha — with arms extending a yojana — was slain by me.

6.111.19 That splendid forest tree in Janasthāna is visible yonder, O Sītā, O graceful one — the place where the great battle occurred for your sake between the cruel Rāvaṇa and the great-souled Jaṭāyus.

6.111.20 There Khara was slain in combat, Dūṣaṇa was laid low, and the mighty Triśiras was felled by me with unerring arrows.

6.111.21 That lovely, beautiful leaf-hut is also visible there — the place from which you were violently abducted by Rāvaṇa, lord of Rākṣasas.

6.111.22 This is the lovely Godāvarī, with clear, auspicious waters; and this visible here is the hermitage of Agastya — behold it, O Maithilī.

6.111.23 The great hermitage of Śarabhaṅga is also visible here, O Vaidehī — the place to which the thousand-eyed Śakra, the smasher of citadels, himself came.

6.111.24 These dwelling-places of ascetics are visible yonder, O slender-waisted one — where Atri the patriarch of his lineage shines with the splendour of sun and fire; and here, O Sītā, you encountered the righteous ascetic woman.

6.111.25 In this very place the great-bodied Virādha was slain by me.

6.111.26 That slender and majestic peak gleaming yonder is Citrakūṭa — the place where the son of Kaikeyī came to placate me.

6.111.27 That is the Yamunā visible in the distance, with its picturesque woodlands; and here the splendid hermitage of Bharadvāja gleams before us.

6.111.28 This is the Gaṅgā flowing in three streams, visible to you, O fairest of complexion; and this is Śṛṅgaverapura, the place where we met Guha.

6.111.29 That visible yonder is Ayodhyā, my father's royal capital — make your obeisance to Ayodhyā, O Vaidehī, for you have returned.

6.111.30 Then all those monkeys and the Rākṣasa Vibhīṣaṇa, leaping up again and again, beheld that beautiful city.

6.111.31 Then those monkeys beheld the city of Ayodhyā — encircled by white mansions, with its broad enclosures thronged with elephants and horses — even as the gods behold the city of Mahendra, Amarāvatī.

6.112.1 At the completion of the fourteenth year plus five nights, the elder brother of Lakṣmaṇa arrived at the hermitage of Bharadvāja and reverently saluted the sage with self-restraint.

6.112.2 Having paid homage to Bharadvāja, the treasure of asceticism, he asked him: "O blessed one, do you hear any news of prosperity and health in the city? And is Bharata well? Do my mothers still live?"

6.112.3 Thus addressed by Rāma, the great sage Bharadvāja replied to the foremost of the Raghu clan with a smile, appearing joyful.

6.112.4 "Bharata, smeared with mud and wearing matted locks, awaits you, having placed your sandals before him in honour; all is well in the household."

6.112.5 "You who had entered the great forest wearing bark garments long ago — fallen from the kingdom with a woman as your third companion, devoted solely to righteousness —"

6.112.6 "— going on foot, having renounced everything, acting upon your father's command, bereft of the enjoyments of heaven, like an immortal fallen from heaven —"

6.112.7 "— seeing you thus, O conqueror in battle, compassion arose in me before, subsisting on forest roots and fruits because of Kaikeyī's command —"

6.112.8 "— but now, seeing you who have achieved your full purpose, surrounded by companions and kinsmen, with your enemies conquered, my joy is unsurpassed."

6.112.9 "All your joys and sorrows are known to me, O Rāghava — all that you have abundantly endured, beginning with the slaughter at Janasthāna."

6.112.10 "Your deployment in the service of the brāhmaṇas, your protection of all the ascetics, the encounter with Mārīca, and the abduction of Sītā —"

6.112.11 "— the meeting with Kabandha, your approach to the Pampā lake, your alliance with Sugrīva, and how Vālī was slain by you —"

6.112.12 "— the search for the daughter of Videha, the deeds of the son of the wind-god, and upon the discovery of the daughter of Videha, how the bridge of Nala was built, and how Laṅkā was set ablaze by the exultant monkey leaders —"

6.112.13 "— and how Rāvaṇa, the tormentor of the gods, was slain in battle along with his sons, kinsmen, ministers, forces, and vehicles —"

6.112.14 "— and the meeting with the thirty gods, and the boons granted to you — all of this is known to me by my ascetic power, O beloved of righteousness."

6.112.15 "I too grant you a boon here, O best among those who bear weapons — accept this guest-offering; tomorrow you shall go to Ayodhyā."

6.112.16 Accepting those words with a bowed head, the glorious son of the king, greatly rejoiced, said "So be it" and then requested a boon.

6.112.17 "May all the trees along the road as I travel toward Ayodhyā, O blessed one, bear fruit out of season and drip with honey."

6.112.18 Those trees that were fruitless bore fruit; those without flowers bloomed; the dry trees became fully leafed; and all those trees dripped with honey.

6.113.1 Gazing toward Ayodhyā, Rāghava fell into reflection; having reflected, he then turned his gaze upon the monkeys.

6.113.2 Rāma, the wise and resplendent one, wishing to do what was dear, then spoke to Hanūmān the monkey, swift in his stride, for a cherished purpose.

6.113.3 "Go swiftly to Ayodhyā, O best of leaping ones; quickly find out whether the people in the king's palace are well."

6.113.4 "Reaching Śṛṅgaverapura, tell Guha who moves in the forest thickets — the lord of the Niṣādas — of my well-being, conveying my words."

6.113.5 "Upon hearing that I am well, free from illness and free from anxiety, Guha will be pleased — he is a friend dear to me as my own self."

6.113.6 "The pleased lord of the Niṣādas, Guha, will show you the road to Ayodhyā and inform you of the news concerning Bharata."

6.113.7 "You must tell Bharata of my well-being in my own words; announce to him that I have accomplished my purpose, along with my wife and together with Lakṣmaṇa."

6.113.8 "Tell him also of the abduction of the daughter of Videha by the mighty Rāvaṇa, of my alliance with Sugrīva, and of the slaying of Vālī in battle."

6.113.9 "Tell him of the search for the daughter of Mithilā, and how she was found by you after leaping over the great waters of the eternal ocean-lord."

6.113.10 "Tell of the approach to the ocean and the sighting of the sea, how the bridge was caused to be built, and how Rāvaṇa was slain."

6.113.11 "Tell of the granting of boons by great Indra, by Brahmā, by Varuṇa, and of my meeting with my father through the grace of Mahādeva."

6.113.12 "Rāma, having conquered the hosts of enemies and having attained unsurpassed glory, comes having fully accomplished his purpose, with his mighty allies."

6.113.13 "Observe what expression Bharata assumes upon hearing this; and you must also ascertain everything regarding him and whatever pertains to me."

6.113.14 "All of Bharata's circumstances and gestures must be discerned truly — by his facial colour, his glance, and his manner of speaking."

6.113.15 "For whose mind would not be turned by a kingdom filled with every desire, teeming with elephants, horses, and chariots — the realm inherited from father and grandfather?"

6.113.16 "It may be that the glorious Bharata, by circumstance, has himself come to desire the kingdom; let the son of the Raghu line rule the entire earth without exception."

6.113.17 "Having ascertained his intention and resolve, O monkey, you should return quickly, before we have travelled far."

6.113.18 Having thus been instructed, Hanūmān the son of the wind-god, assuming a human form, went swiftly to Ayodhyā.

6.113.19 He leapt over the path of the ancestors, the beautiful abode of the lord of serpents, and crossed the fearsome confluence of the Gaṅgā and the Yamunā.

6.113.20 Reaching Śṛṅgaverapura and finding Guha, the mighty Hanūmān, filled with joy, spoke these words with auspicious speech:

6.113.21 "Your friend Kākutstha Rāma, whose valour is truth, together with Sītā and with the son of Sumitrā, sends you his greetings of well-being."

6.113.22 "Having spent tonight, the fifth night, on the word of the sage, with the leave of Bharadvāja, you shall see Rāghava this very day."

6.113.23 Having spoken thus, the greatly resplendent one, with his bodily hairs thrilling with delight, the swift one leapt up swiftly and without hesitation.

6.113.24 He saw the ford of Rāma, and also the sandy river Vālukinī; he saw too the Gomatī, and the fearsome forest of sāla trees.

6.113.25 Having travelled a great distance in haste, that elephant among monkeys came upon the blossoming trees growing near Nandigrāma.

6.113.26 At a distance of barely one krośa from Ayodhyā, he saw Bharata, emaciated and sorrowful, dwelling like a forest hermit, wearing bark cloth and black antelope skin.

6.113.27 He was wearing matted locks, his body smeared with grime, emaciated by grief over his brother, subsisting on fruits and roots, self-controlled, an ascetic, walking the path of righteousness.

6.113.28 He bore a high mass of matted locks, wore garments of bark and antelope skin, was disciplined in conduct, had a cultivated inner self, and possessed a brilliance equal to that of a brahmarṣi.

6.113.29 Having placed your sandals before him as regent, he was governing the earth and protecting the world of all four classes from every fear.

6.113.30 He was attended by pure ministers, by the court priest, and by the chiefs of the army, all of them disciplined and wearing ochre robes.

6.113.31 The citizens, devoted to righteousness, were indeed not willing to let that prince go — he who wore bark cloth and black antelope skin.

6.113.32 To him who was like righteousness incarnate, knowing righteousness, like another one accompanied by the gods, Hanūmān the son of the wind-god spoke with joined palms:

6.113.33 "The Kākutstha whom you mourn — the one who dwelt in the Daṇḍaka forest wearing bark garments and matted locks — that one sends his greetings of well-being to you."

6.113.34 "I announce joyful news to you, O lord — you will cast off your terrible grief; at this very moment you shall be united with your brother Rāma."

6.113.35 "Rāma, having slain Rāvaṇa and having recovered the daughter of Mithilā, comes having fully accomplished his purpose, together with his mighty allies."

6.113.36 "The greatly resplendent Lakṣmaṇa and the illustrious Vaidehī Sītā come together with Rāma — as Śacī comes with the great Indra."

6.113.37 Thus addressed by Hanūmān, Bharata the son of Kaikeyī suddenly fell down in joy; overcome by rapture he fell into a swoon.

6.113.38 Then, after a moment, Bharata the Rāghava rose up and, having recovered, spoke these words to Hanūmān who had spoken such cherished news:

6.113.39 The glorious Bharata, in his excitement, embraced the monkey and, overjoyed as though freed from sorrow, drenched him with copious drops of tears.

6.113.40 "Whether you are a god or a human who has come here out of compassion, O gentle one, I give you whatever you desire as a reward for announcing this cherished news."

6.113.41 "A hundred thousand cows, a hundred excellent villages, sixteen wives who are nobly born and well-mannered, adorned with earrings —"

6.113.42 "— women of golden complexion, with beautiful noses and thighs, with faces as gentle as the moon, adorned with all ornaments, and endowed with noble birth."

6.113.43 Having heard the wonderful account of Rāma's coming from that best of monkeys, the son of the king was filled with delight and with eagerness to see Rāma; and again, from sheer joy, he spoke these words:

6.114.1 "For many years now, since my lord went to the great forest, I hear the glad recounting of my lord's deeds with joy."

6.114.2 "Auspicious indeed does this popular saying appear to me: joy comes to a man still living, even after a hundred years."

6.114.3 "How did the meeting of Rāghava and the monkeys come about? In what region, through reliance on what? Tell me who am asking you this."

6.114.4 Being asked by the prince and seated on a cushioned seat, Hanūmān then recounted the full story of Rāma's deeds in the forest.

6.114.5 How Rāma was exiled when the boon was granted to your mother; and how King Daśaratha died of grief for his son —

6.114.6 How you were quickly summoned by messengers from the royal household, O lord; and how, upon your return to Ayodhyā, you refused to accept the kingdom —

6.114.7 How you went to Mount Citrakūṭa and invited your brother who was afflicting enemies with the kingdom; how he practised the conduct of the good —

6.114.8 How, steadfast in the king's command, he renounced the kingdom; and how you returned, having taken the sandals of your elder brother —

6.114.9 "All of this, O great-armed one, is known to you as it happened; but now hear from me what occurred after your departure."

6.114.10 After your departure at that time, they entered the great and deserted Daṇḍaka forest, where the deer and birds were startled and scattered.

6.114.11 Before them as they went through the dense forest, Virādha appeared, powerful and roaring with a great roar.

6.114.12 Lifting him up while he roared loudly, with his arms raised and his face downward, they hurled him into a pit dug in the ground — like an elephant bellowing.

6.114.13 Having accomplished that difficult deed, the two brothers Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa, at evening, went to the beautiful hermitage of Śarabhaṅga.

6.114.14 When Śarabhaṅga had gone to heaven, Rāma of true valour, having reverenced all the sages, went on to Janasthāna.

6.114.15 Fourteen thousand rākṣasas of fearsome deeds were slain while the great-souled Rāghava dwelt there.

6.114.16 After that, Śūrpaṇakhā came to Rāma's side; then, directed by Rāma, Lakṣmaṇa swiftly rose up —

6.114.17 — and that mighty one, drawing his sword, cut off her ears and nose. Tormented by him, that wretched woman then went to Rāvaṇa.

6.114.18 Mārīca, a terrible rākṣasa and follower of Rāvaṇa, enticed the daughter of Videha by becoming a gem-studded deer.

6.114.19 She, the daughter of Videha, upon seeing it, said to Rāma: "Capture it — ah, what a beautiful creature it would be in our hermitage, my beloved!"

6.114.20 Then Rāma, bow in hand, ran after it as it ran; he struck it as it ran with an arrow with straight joints.

6.114.21 Then, O gentle one, when Rāghava had gone after the deer and Lakṣmaṇa too had gone out, the ten-necked one entered the hermitage and seized Sītā by force — as the planet Rāhu seizes Rohiṇī in the sky.

6.114.22 Then, after slaying in battle the vulture Jaṭāyu who sought to protect her, Rāvaṇa seized Sītā and swiftly departed at once.

6.114.23 Then monkeys of wondrous appearance, standing on the mountain peak, resembling mountains themselves, saw there with amazement Rāvaṇa the lord of rākṣasas, carrying Sītā and departing.

6.114.24 Then Rāvaṇa who makes the world cry out entered Laṅkā.

6.114.25 Having brought the daughter of Mithilā into that auspicious and great mansion surrounded by gold, Rāvaṇa tried to console her with words.

6.114.26 Kākutstha, returning, was filled with anguish when he saw the vulture.

6.114.27 Having cremated the slain vulture, his father's dear friend, Rāma, wandering along the Godāvarī and through the flowering forest regions, together with his companion came upon a rākṣasa in the great forest named Kabandha.

6.114.28 Then, on Kabandha's counsel, Rāma of true valour went to Mount Ṛśyamūka and met Sugrīva.

6.114.29 Their meeting at first was cordial from the heart; through mutual conversation a deep affection grew between those two.

6.114.30 Rāma, by the strength of his own arms, restored his kingdom to him, having slain in battle the great-bodied and mighty Vālī.

6.114.31 Sugrīva, installed in the kingdom together with all the monkeys, pledged to Rāma the search for the princess.

6.114.32 Commanded by Sugrīva, the great-souled lord of the monkeys, ten crores of monkeys were dispatched in all directions.

6.114.33 As for us who had gone astray and lost our way, on the Vindhya, best of mountains, deeply afflicted by grief, a great span of time passed by.

6.114.34 But Saṃpāti the valiant, the brother of the king of vultures, reported to us the dwelling-place of Sītā in Rāvaṇa's abode.

6.114.35 I, removing the sorrow of those kinsmen who were overwhelmed with sorrow, mustering my own strength, leapt a hundred yojanas.

6.114.36 There I saw her alone, having entered the Aśoka grove, wearing silken garments that were soiled, joyless but firm in her resolve.

6.114.37 Having met with her according to proper form, having inquired of that blameless one about everything, having received the jewel as a token of recognition, I returned with my purpose accomplished.

6.114.38 And upon my return, I gave that resplendent great jewel as the token of recognition to Rāma of unwearied action.

6.114.39 Hearing of that daughter of Mithilā, he rejoiced and affirmed his will to live — he who had reached the end of life's purpose, like a sick man who has drunk nectar.

6.114.40 Rousing his army to exertion, he set his mind on the destruction of Laṅkā — like fire wishing to consume all those worlds.

6.114.41 Then reaching the ocean, he caused Nala to build a bridge; the army of heroic monkeys crossed over by that bridge.

6.114.42 Nīla slew Prahasta; Rāghava slew Kumbhakarṇa; Lakṣmaṇa slew the son of Rāvaṇa; and Rāma himself slew Rāvaṇa.

6.114.43 Having met with Śakra, with Yama, with Varuṇa, and with the divine sages, Kākutstha the scorcher of enemies received boons.

6.114.44 He, the recipient of those boons, with gladness and accompanied by the monkeys, came to Kiṣkindhā by the aerial chariot Puṣpaka.

6.114.45 Him — who is now again on the Gaṅgā, dwelling in the proximity of the sage, under the auspicious Puṣya conjunction without impediment — you shall see tomorrow.

6.114.46 Then he, Bharata, having heard the great and true words of Hanūmān, rejoiced with joined palms and spoke words that delighted his heart: "My heart's desire, long cherished, is now at last fulfilled."

6.115.1 Hearing the supreme joy, Bharata of true valor, filled with delight, commanded Śatrughna, the slayer of enemy heroes.

6.115.2 "Let all the deities and the sacred shrines of the city be worshipped with fragrant garlands and musical instruments by pure men."

6.115.3 "Let the royal ladies, the ministers, the soldiers and the women of the army companies go forth to behold Rāma's face, which resembles the moon."

6.115.4 Hearing Bharata's words, the mighty Śatrughna, slayer of enemy heroes, dispatched many thousands of laborers.

6.115.5 "Level the low places and the uneven ground; clear away the obstacles on the road beyond Nandigrāma."

6.115.6 "Sprinkle the entire earth with water cool as snow." Then others scattered parched grain and flowers on all sides.

6.115.7 "Let the streets of this finest city be adorned with raised banners, and let the dwellings be decorated before the rising of the sun."

6.115.8 "Let hundreds of men strew the royal road, unobstructed, with garlands and loose flowers of five colors and sweet fragrances."

6.115.9 With thousands of rutting elephants adorned with gold ornaments, and with female elephants in golden girths, and with great chariot-warriors in chariots, they went forth in swift haste.

6.115.10 Then all the wives of Daśaratha mounted their vehicles and, placing Kausalyā and Sumitrā at the fore, went forth.

6.115.11 With the sound of the horses' hooves, the rumble of chariot wheels, and the blare of conches and kettledrums, the earth seemed to tremble.

6.115.12 The entire city came to Nandigrāma: the pious Bharata, along with the foremost brāhmaṇas, the heads of guilds, and the merchant-leaders.

6.115.13 Bharata, surrounded by ministers holding garlands and sweets in their hands, was honored with the sounds of conches and kettledrums and the praises of the bards.

6.115.14 That knower of righteousness, having taken up the sandals of his noble elder brother upon his head, bore the white parasol adorned with white garlands,

6.115.15 and the two white yak-tail fans worthy of a king, ornamented with gold — Bharata himself emaciated from fasting, wretched, clad in bark and black antelope skin.

6.115.16 Having heard of his brother's return, and overcome with prior joy, the great-souled Bharata then went forward to meet Rāma, together with his ministers.

6.115.17 Gazing about, Bharata spoke to the son of the wind: "Surely the fickleness of the monkey race has not prevailed? For I do not yet see noble Rāma of Kākutstha's line, the scorcher of foes."

6.115.18 When these words had been spoken, Hanūmān said the following, imparting the news to the truly valorous Bharata:

6.115.19 "By the grace of Bharadvāja, he has reached trees always laden with fruit and flowers, honey-dripping, resounding with intoxicated bees —

6.115.20 O scorcher of foes, and this boon was granted by Vāsava himself: hospitality was extended to him together with his army, complete in every virtue.

6.115.21 A great clamor is heard from the exultant forest-dwellers; I think that monkey army is crossing the river Gomatī.

6.115.22 See the shower of dust arising toward the sandy riverbank; I think the leapers are shaking the pleasant grove of sāla trees.

6.115.23 That which is seen in the distance, pure and resembling the moon — that is the divine Puṣpaka aerial car, created by Brahmā through the power of his mind.

6.115.24 After slaying Rāvaṇa along with his kinsmen, this divine, mind-swift vehicle was obtained by the great-souled one by the favor of Kubera, the lord of wealth.

6.115.25 In it are those two heroic brothers of the Rāghu line together with Vaidehī, and the great-splendored Sugrīva, and Vibhīṣaṇa, the lord of the Rākṣasas."

6.115.26 Then a joyful clamor, arising from women, children, youths and elders alike, rose up to heaven: "This is Rāma!" they proclaimed.

6.115.27 Descending from chariots, elephants, and horses and reaching the ground, those men beheld him standing in the aerial car, like the moon in the sky.

6.115.28 Bharata, with joined palms, filled with joy, his face turned toward Rāghava, then honored Rāma with a welcome that was wholly fitting.

6.115.29 Lakṣmaṇa's elder brother, with his broad and long eyes, shone in the aerial car created by Brahmā's mind, like a second Indra, the bearer of the thunderbolt.

6.115.30 Then Bharata, bowing down, reverenced his brother Rāma positioned at the summit of the aerial car, as one would revere the sun standing upon Mount Meru.

6.115.31 Lifted up into the aerial car, the truly valorous Bharata, having reached Rāma, joyfully saluted him once again.

6.115.32 Raising him up, the descendant of Kākutstha, delighted, placed on his lap Bharata, who had for so long been out of sight, and embraced him.

6.115.33 Then the scorcher of foes Bharata, going to Lakṣmaṇa and to Vaidehī, saluted them with affection and addressed them by name.

6.115.34 The son of Kaikeyī embraced Sugrīva, Jāmbavān, and Aṅgada, and Mainda, Dvivida, Nīla, and Ṛṣabha as well.

6.115.35 Those shape-shifting monkeys, taking on human form, joyfully enquired after Bharata's well-being.

6.115.36 Reassuring Vibhīṣaṇa, Bharata spoke: "By good fortune was this extremely difficult deed accomplished with you as ally."

6.115.37 Then Śatrughna, saluting Rāma together with Lakṣmaṇa, afterward reverenced the feet of Sītā with great humility.

6.115.38 Rāma, approaching his mother, who was dejected and wasted by grief, bowed and clasped her feet, gladdening her heart.

6.115.39 Having saluted Sumitrā, the illustrious Kaikeyī, and all his mothers, he then went to the family priest.

6.115.40 "Welcome to you, O mighty-armed one, increaser of Kausalyā's joy" — thus all the townspeople, with joined palms, said to Rāma.

6.115.41 Those thousands of joined palms upraised by the townspeople were beheld by Bharata's elder brother like lotuses that had opened their buds.

6.115.42 Then Bharata himself, the knower of righteousness, taking Rāma's sandals, placed them upon the feet of that lord of men.

6.115.43 Then Bharata, with joined palms, said to Rāma: "O king, this kingdom, which was entrusted to me, I now return to you."

6.115.44 "Today my birth is fulfilled and my heart's desire accomplished, in that I behold you, my king, returned to Ayodhyā once more."

6.115.45 "May you review the treasury, the granaries, the city, and the army — everything has been increased tenfold by your glory through me."

6.115.46 Seeing Bharata speaking thus, so devoted to his brother, the monkeys shed tears, as did the Rākṣasa Vibhīṣaṇa.

6.115.47 Then, in great joy, Rāghava placed Bharata upon his lap and proceeded with that aerial car, along with his army, to Bharata's hermitage.

6.115.48 Having reached Bharata's hermitage, Rāghava then, together with his army, descended from the summit of the aerial car and stood upon the earth.

6.115.49 Then Rāma addressed that peerless aerial car: "Carry the god Vaiśravaṇa. I give you leave — depart."

6.115.50 Then that peerless aerial car, dismissed by Rāma, went toward the northern quarter, to the home of Kubera, the lord of wealth.

6.115.51 The mighty Rāghava, like Indra the lord of the immortals with Bṛhaspati, pressed the feet of the family priest who was equal to his own self, and then sat down together with him on an auspicious seat.

6.116.1 Placing his joined palms upon his head, Bharata, the increaser of Kaikeyī's joy, addressed his elder brother Rāma of true valor:

6.116.2 "My mother was honored, and this kingdom was given to me; I now restore it to you just as you placed it in my hands."

6.116.3 "The yoke laid down by a single mighty bull — I, like a young calf, am not able to bear this heavy burden."

6.116.4 "Like a dam broken by the great force of water and leaking, I consider this breach in the kingdom, left unclosed, difficult to stop."

6.116.5 "As a donkey cannot follow the gait of a horse, nor a crow that of a goose, so I, O lord, O subduer of enemies, am not able to follow your path."

6.116.6 "Just as a tree planted and grown within a courtyard becomes great, very difficult to climb, with a massive trunk and spreading branches —

6.116.7 "— if it withers after flowering without displaying its fruits, then the purpose of the one for whose sake it was planted is not fulfilled:

6.116.8 "This is the analogy, O mighty-armed one; you should understand its meaning. O lord of men, if you do not govern us, your devoted servants, the purpose fails."

6.116.9 "Let the world today behold you, anointed king, resplendent on all sides like the sun blazing at midday with brilliant light."

6.116.10 "May you awake and sleep to the combined sounds of musical instruments, to the jingling of girdles and anklets, and to the sweet sounds of song."

6.116.11 "For as long as the wheel of time turns, and for as long as this earth endures, so long may you exercise here lordship over all."

6.116.12 Hearing Bharata's words, Rāma, the conqueror of enemy cities, accepted with "So be it" and sat down on the auspicious seat.

6.116.13 Then, at Śatrughna's command, skilled barbers with gentle hands, swift and deft, attended upon Rāghava.

6.116.14 First Bharata bathed, then the mighty Lakṣmaṇa, then Sugrīva the lord of monkeys, and then Vibhīṣaṇa the lord of Rākṣasas —

6.116.15 Rāma, with his matted locks removed, bathed, anointed with colorful garlands, adorned with the most excellent garments, stood there blazing with royal glory.

6.116.16 The glorious increaser of the Ikṣvāku line caused the adornment of Rāma, and also of Lakṣmaṇa, to be performed by the mighty.

6.116.17 And the adornment of Sītā was carried out by all the wives of Daśaratha themselves, those high-minded women making it charming.

6.116.18 Then the joyful Kausalyā, devoted to her son, took pains to adorn beautifully all the wives of Rāghava.

6.116.19 Then, at Śatrughna's command, the charioteer named Sumantra, having yoked the horses, brought forward a chariot beautiful in all its parts.

6.116.20 Seeing the divine chariot standing there, resembling the orb of the sun, the mighty-armed Rāma of true valor mounted it.

6.116.21 The ministers of King Daśaratha who were in Ayodhyā, placing the family priest at their head, took counsel purposefully:

6.116.22 "Deliberating for the prosperity of Rāma and for the welfare of the city, everything for the sake of the coronation — you should perform for the great-souled Rāma, who deserves victory, whatever is auspicious, preceded by sacred rites."

6.116.23 Thus all those ministers, having instructed the family priest, quickly went forth from the city with the intention of seeing Rāma.

6.116.24 Like the thousand-eyed Indra seated in a horse-drawn chariot — sinless Rāma, ascending the chariot, set out for the royal city.

6.116.25 Bharata took the reins; Śatrughna held the parasol; Lakṣmaṇa fanned him from above with a fan over his head.

6.116.26 And the white yak-tail fan was held by Sugrīva, the lord of monkeys; the other, resembling the moon, was held by Vibhīṣaṇa, the lord of Rākṣasas.

6.116.27 As Rāma was being praised by assemblies of sages in the sky, and by the gods together with the Marut hosts, a sweet sound was heard.

6.116.28 Then the greatly splendored Sugrīva, the lord of monkeys, mounted an elephant named Śatruṃjaya, which was mountain-like in size.

6.116.29 Nine thousand elephants set out, mounted by monkeys who had taken on human form, adorned with all manner of ornaments.

6.116.30 To the resounding blasts of conches and the beating of kettledrums, that tiger among men proceeded to that city garlanded with mansions.

6.116.31 They then saw Rāghava coming with his vanguard, shining in his form upon the chariot — that greatest of chariot-warriors.

6.116.32 They, having acclaimed the descendant of Kākutstha and been welcomed in return by Rāma, followed the great-souled one who was surrounded by his brothers.

6.116.33 Surrounded by ministers, brāhmaṇas, and the people, Rāma shone with royal glory like the moon among the stars.

6.116.34 He went forth accompanied by the vanguard musicians, by joyful attendants bearing tāla-palms and auspicious svastika emblems, who proclaimed blessings.

6.116.35 Unbroken grain, gold, cows, maidens, brāhmaṇas, and men bearing sweet cakes went ahead of Rāma.

6.116.36 Then Rāma recounted to the ministers his friendship with Sugrīva, the might of the son of the wind, and the deeds of the monkeys; the inhabitants of the city of Ayodhyā, hearing this, were filled with wonder.

6.116.37 The resplendent Rāma, having thus narrated this, surrounded by the monkeys, entered Ayodhyā, which was thronged with joyful and prosperous people.

6.116.38 Then the citizens raised flags on each and every house, and he reached the beautiful paternal home of the Ikṣvāku dynasty.

6.116.39 Reaching and entering the dwelling of his great-souled father, he saluted Kausalyā, Sumitrā, and Kaikeyī.

6.116.40 Then the prince, the joy of the Raghu line, spoke to Bharata, the best among the righteous, with a well-measured, sweet voice:

6.116.41 "Show to Sugrīva my finest dwelling, with its great grove of aśoka trees, interspersed with pearls and vaidūrya gems."

6.116.42 Hearing those words, the truly valorous Bharata, taking Sugrīva by the hand, entered that dwelling.

6.116.43 Then, prompted by Śatrughna, they quickly entered, bringing oil lamps and fine coverlets for couches.

6.116.44 And the greatly splendored younger brother of Rāghava said to Sugrīva: "O lord, dispatch messengers for the coronation of Rāma."

6.116.45 Sugrīva quickly gave four golden jars to four lords among the monkeys, adorned with all kinds of jewels.

6.116.46 "At the hour of dawn, wait with jars filled with the waters of the four oceans — do it thus, O monkeys."

6.116.47 Thus addressed, those great-souled monkeys, elephant-like in strength, leapt swiftly into the sky like fast-flying Garuḍas.

6.116.48 Jāmbavān, Hanūmān, the monkey Vegadarśī, and Ṛṣabha brought back water-filled jars; with pots they brought the waters of five hundred rivers.

6.116.49 The valiant Suṣeṇa brought a water-filled jar from the eastern ocean, adorned with all kinds of jewels.

6.116.50 Ṛṣabha swiftly fetched water from the southern ocean.

6.116.51 Gavaya brought a golden jar encased in red sandalwood and camphor, carrying water from the vast western ocean.

6.116.52 Mārutavikrama, swift as Garuḍa and the wind, quickly fetched cool water from the northern ocean in a great jeweled jar.

6.116.53 Śatrughna, together with the ministers, presented these for the coronation of Rāma to the foremost family priest and to his friends.

6.116.54 Then the venerable Vasiṣṭha, ritually pure, together with the brāhmaṇas, seated Rāma together with Sītā on a jeweled throne.

6.116.55 Vasiṣṭha, Vāmadeva, Jābāli, Kāśyapa, Kātyāyana, Suyajña, Gautama, and Vijaya —

6.116.56 — these consecrated that tiger among men with clear, fragrant water, as the Vasus consecrate the thousand-eyed Indra.

6.116.57 First the officiating priests, then brāhmaṇas, then maidens, ministers, warriors, and merchants, all filled with joy, consecrated him.

6.116.58 With the essences of all medicinal herbs, and also by the gods stationed in the sky, by the four guardians of the world, and by all the gods assembled together.

6.116.59 Śatrughna held the pure white, auspicious royal parasol over him; the white yak-tail fan was held by Sugrīva the lord of monkeys; the other, resembling the moon, was held by Vibhīṣaṇa the lord of Rākṣasas.

6.116.60 Vāyu, the wind god, prompted by Vāsava, gave to Rāghava a golden garland of a hundred lotuses blazing with beauty.

6.116.61 The one prompted by Śakra gave to the lord of men a pearl necklace filled with all kinds of precious stones and adorned with jeweled gems.

6.116.62 The divine Gandharvas sang and hosts of Apsarases danced at the coronation of the wise Rāma, who was worthy of such honor.

6.116.63 The earth brought forth abundant grain, the trees bore fruit, and the flowers became fragrant at the festival of Rāghava's coronation.

6.116.64 That bull among men first gave one hundred thousand horses and one hundred thousand milk cows, and one hundred bulls, to the twice-born.

6.116.65 Rāghava further gave to the brāhmaṇas thirty crores of gold, and various most excellent ornaments and garments.

6.116.66 That bull among men gave to Sugrīva a divine golden garland set with gems, resembling the rays of the sun.

6.116.67 The steadfast Rāma gave to Aṅgada, the son of Vālin, golden armlets embellished with vaidūrya gems and adorned with diamond gems.

6.116.68 Rāma gave to Sītā a peerless pearl necklace adorned with the finest gems, brilliant as the rays of the moon.

6.116.69 Vaidehī, gazing about, gave to the son of the wind god two spotless divine garments and auspicious ornaments.

6.116.70 The daughter of Janaka, removing a necklace from her own throat, looked again and again at all the monkeys and then at her husband.

6.116.71 Rāma, who understood her gestures, looking at her, said to the daughter of Janaka: "Give the necklace, O beautiful one, to him with whom you are pleased, O passionate lady."

6.116.72 She, the dark-eyed one, gave that necklace to the son of the wind god, in whom such manly virtue, valor, and wisdom are ever present.

6.116.73 Hanūmān, that bull among monkeys, shone with that necklace, white as the beams of the moon, like a mountain covered with white clouds.

6.116.74 Then the scorcher of foes, the lord of the earth, surveying all their merits and desires, gave to Dvivida, Mainda, and Nīla all that they desired.

6.116.75 All the elder monkeys and whatever other lords among the monkeys there were — all were honored fittingly with garments and ornaments.

6.116.76 All of them, honored fittingly with desired gifts and fine jewels, their hearts filled with joy, departed even as they had come.

6.116.77 The supremely generous Rāghava ruled with great joy; Rāma, devoted to righteousness and knowing righteousness, said to Lakṣmaṇa:

6.116.78 "O knower of righteousness, undertake together with me the governance of this earth, which was formerly held by royal ancestors equal in strength to me; bear the burden of the crown prince's office."

6.116.79 When the son of Sumitrā, though entreated with his whole being and though appointed to the crown prince's office on earth, did not accept the role, the great-souled one then consecrated Bharata.

6.116.80 And the righteous Rāghava, having attained the incomparable kingdom, performed sacrifices of many kinds together with friends, brothers, and kinsmen.

6.116.81 That bull among kings sacrificed with the Pauṇḍarīka and the Aśvamedha, repeatedly with the Vājapeya, and with many other various sacrifices.

6.116.82 Having ruled the kingdom for ten thousand years, Rāghava performed a hundred horse-sacrifices with fine horses and great sacrificial gifts.

6.116.83 Rāma, with arms hanging down to his knees, with a mighty chest, resplendent in glory, followed by Lakṣmaṇa, protected the earth.

6.116.84 No widow lamented, there was no fear caused by serpents, no fear born of disease either, while Rāma was governing the kingdom.

6.116.85 The world was free of robbers; no misfortune touched anyone; nor did the old perform the funeral rites of the young.

6.116.86 Everything was joyful; everyone was devoted to righteousness; keeping their eyes on Rāma alone, they did not harm one another.

6.116.87 People lived for a thousand years and had a thousand sons, free from disease and grief, while Rāma was governing the kingdom.

6.116.88 The trees bore flowers always and fruit always, with wide-spreading trunks; the rain fell in due season; the wind was pleasant to the touch.

6.116.89 The subjects pursued their own duties, content with their own occupations; the people were devoted to righteousness and were truthful while Rāma ruled.

6.116.90 All were endowed with auspicious marks; all were devoted to righteousness; Rāma caused the kingdom to flourish for ten thousand years.