Chapter One: On the Statements of the Physicians Concerning the Spirit and the Soul

Wa-mā nashartu fīhā miʻshār mā ṭawaytu. Fa-innī kuntu raʼaytu li-Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī raḥimahu Allāh kitāb fī al-nafs yazīd ḥajmuhu ʻalá ʻishrīn kurrās wa-kāna fī ʻazmī an aktub lahu sharḥ wa-taqrīr fa-yakūn mā aktubuhu akbar minhu shayʼ yasīr wa-lākin raʼaytu al-qalīl al-muntaqá khayr min al-kathīr al-mulqá. Wa-awradtu al-maṭlūb fī thamāniyah abwāb ka-annahā abwāb al-jinān mufattaḥah ʻalá arbāb al-albāb tadkhul fīhā adhhān al-aʻyān wa-sammaytuhu [bi-al-Safīnah al-Nūḥīyah fī al-sakīnah al-Rūḥīyah]

Al-Bāb al-awwal fī aqwāl al-aṭibbāʼ fī al-rūḥ wa-al-nafs. Al-Bāb al-thānī fī aqwāl al-falāsifah fīhimā. Al-Bāb al-thālith fī aqwāl ʻulamāʼ al-ḥaqq wa-ḥukamāʼ al-ṣidq al-Bāb al-rābiʻ fī ishārāt arbāb al-qulūb ʻalá mā-lahum min al-uslūb. Al-Bāb al-khāmis fī dalāyil kull qāʼil minhumā. Al-Bāb al-sādis fī marātib al-nufūs wa-al-arwāḥ. Al-Bāb al-sābiʻ fī taṣfiyah al-nafs wa-tazkiyah al-rūḥ. Al-Bāb al-thāmin fī al-khātimah wa-al-naṣīḥah.

Al-Bāb al-awwal fī aqwāl al-aṭibbāʼ fīhimā

Ittafaqa al-aṭibbāʼ ʻalá an fī badan al-insān thalāthah arwāḥ al-rūḥ al-ṭabīʻī. Wa-al-rūḥ al-ḥayawānī. Wa-al-rūḥ al-nafsānī. Ammā al-rūḥ al-ṭabīʻī fa-huwa jism ka-al-bukhār laṭīf al-qawām ḥārr al-mizāj maʻdanuhu al-kabid minhā yanshaʼ thumma yanbathth fī sāʼir al-badan wa-yaḥmil al-quwá al-ṭabīʻīyah allatī afʻāluhā sabʻah. Al-jadhb. Wa-al-mask. Wa-al-haḍm. Wa-al-dafʻ. Wa-al-taghdhiyah wa-al-tanmiyah wa-al-tawlīd fa-al-jadhb huwa jadhb al-nāfiʻ min al-ghidhāʼ. Wa-al-mask huwa mask al-majdhūb zamān li-yahḍimahu al-hāḍimah. Wa-al-haḍm huwa taghyīr al-mamsūk fī al-lawn wa-al-qawām li-yataghayyar mizājuhu ilá mushābahah al-mughtadhī. Wa-al-dafʻ huwa dafʻ al-faḍl ilá al-makhārij li-al-birāz wa-al-aṣl ilá al-majārī li-al-aḥrāz. Wa-al-taghdhiyah hiya tashbīh al-ghidhāʼ bi-al-mughtadhī fī al-lawn wa-al-qawām wa-al-mizāj wa-al-ilṣāq bi-al-aʻḍāʼ wa-al-arwāḥ badal mā yataḥallal. Wa-al-tanmiyah hiya al-ziyādah fī aqṭār al-badan ʻalá tanāsub ṭabīʻī. Wa-al-tawlīd huwa tawālīd al-manī li-yūjad minhu ākhar min nawʻihi li-allā yanqaṭiʻ al-nawʻ bi-mawt al-shakhṣ.

Wa-hātān al-qūwatān taqifān qabl wuqūf al-taghdhiyah wa-tabqá al-ghādhiyah ʻammālah baʻdahumā zamān. Wa-qūwah al-tanmiyah taqif qabl qūwah al-tawlīd wa-dhālika li-ḥikmah wa-hiya an al-qūwah al-munammiyah kānat taʻmal fī al-ṣighar wa-qūwah al-tawlīd ghayr ʻammālah fī dhālika al-waqt fa-qaddara al-ḥakīm an taʻmal al-qūwah al-muwallidah zamān. Wa-qūwah al-tanmiyah baṭṭālah li-anna al-ḥājah ilá al-tawlīd ʻinda ʻajz al-ab wa-qurb ajalihi li-yakūn waladuhu ka-badalihi wa-ʻinda al-ṣighar lā ḥājah ilá al-walad wa-lā qudrah ʻalá al-qiyām bihi.

Wa-ʻindahum qūwatān ukhrayān aḥaduhumā qabl al-shibaʻ wa-hiya al-ḥassāsah al-mundhirah bi-al-jūʻ wa-ḥājah al-aʻḍāʼ ilá al-ghidhāʼ wa-hiya bi-al-quwá al-nafsānīyah ashbah wa-al-ukhrá baʻd al-shibaʻ wa-hiya al-muṣawwirah allatī bihā al-taṣwīr fī al-nuṭfah wa-hiya ilá al-irādīyah aqrab.

Wa-ammā al-rūḥ al-ḥayawānī fa-huwa ayḍā jism laṭīf ka-al-bukhār fī al-qawām wa-huwa aḥarr min al-rūḥ al-ṭabīʻī wa-maʻdanuhu al-qalb wa-minhu yanshaʼ wa-yanbathth fī sāʼir al-badan wa-yaḥmil qūwah al-ḥayāh wa-mamarruhu al-sharāyīn wa-mamarruhu al-rūḥ al-ṭabīʻī al-awridah.

Wa-ammā al-rūḥ al-nafsānī fa-huwa ayḍā jism laṭīf bukhārī wa-huwa dūna al-ṭabīʻī fī al-ḥarārah maʻa annahu alṭaf minhu. Wa-innamā ṣāra alṭaf maʻa annahu abrad li-anna ʻamal