Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    Risālat al-Wāridāt

    An intimation on man and prophecy

    Muḥammad ʻAbduh

    citations · figures & ideas

    wa-lā tarkīb wa-huwa alladhī yusammūnahu bi-al-hayūlī, thumma bi-wāsiṭat hādhihi al-ḥarakah al-lāzimah bi-al-tartīb ḥaṣala fī dhālika al-basīṭ jazr wa-madd wa-fatq baʻda ratq, fa-minhu al-laṭīf wa-al-kathīf, wa-al-mutafāwit fī al-martabatayn, wa-waqaʻat kull kurah ḥaythu addat bihā al-ḥarakah kayfa kānat, wa-lam yazal hādhā al-ʻālam mutaḥarrikan bi-hādhihi al-ḥarakah, lākinnā lānudrik illā ḥarakat al-juzʼīyāt al-ḥāḍirah bayna aydīnā li-annā lasnā kull al-ʻālam ḥattá nudrik ḥarakatahu al-kullīyah, fa-al-ḥarakah wāḥidah, wa-narāhā mutakaththirah bi-takaththur ajzāʼ al-mutaḥarrik. Wa-min thamma lātajid illā mutaḥarrikan wa-lā ḥādithan illā ʻan ḥarakah, wa-dhālika li-ʻadam tawaqquf al-fayḍ fī laḥẓah min al-laḥaẓāt li-ʻumūm al-jūd. Wa-kāna al-ʻālam fī al-taraqqī ʻalá ḥasab taqādumihi fī al-wujūd, wa-hādhā min muqtaḍayāt al-tartīb, wa-qad ʻalimta māyaḥtāj ilayhi al-ʻālam fī niẓāmihi al-ʻāmm min al-nufūs al-kullīyah, ammā al-niẓām al-khuṣūṣī li-kull dharrah ay al-mabdaʼ al-qarīb li-hādhā, innamā huwa bi-al-nufūs al-juzʼīyah al-munbaʻithah ʻan al-nufūs al-kullīyah, fa-lā tazāl al-kullīyah fī tarbiyat al-kull. Wa-al-juzʼīyah fī tartīb al-juzʼ ḥattá yaqḍiya Allāh amran kāna mafʻūlā

    Wa-laʻallaka ʻalá mātaḥaqqaqta min luzūm al-tartīb fī ʻālam al-tarkīb taqūl, an awwal māẓahara fī hādhihi al-kurah al-nabātāt ʻalá tafāwutihā fī al-darajāt min mutanāqiṣ al-khilqah jiddan, thumma yatakāmal shayʼan fa-shayʼan ḥattá intahat ilá ghāyatihā, thumma al-ḥayawānāt kadhālika, thumma natījat al-kull wa-ghāyat muntahá al-sayr huwa al-insān, thumma kadhālika tatafāwat marātibuhu fī al-wujūd min ghāyat al-tawaḥḥush ilá adná minhā, thumma. Wa-thumma: wa-lā yazāl hākadhā wa-qad naṭaqa bi-hādhā kitābunā wa-ashāra ilayhi fī qawlihi «wa-Allāh anbatakum min al-arḍ nabātā» fa-hādhā qalīl tastaghnī bihi ʻan kathīr wa-ijmāl yughnīka ʻan labs al-tafāṣīl

    Wāridah

    Qad tabayyana anna al-ḥaqq fayyāḍ muṭlaq yunazzil kull shayʼ manzilatahu allatī yajib an yakūna ʻalayhā fī dhātihi, wa-lammā awjada hādhā al-nawʻ al-insānī jaʻala fīhi idrākāt wa-akhlāqan ʻalá ḥasab lawāzim fīhi wa-ālāt taqtaḍī dhālika bi-ḥasab al-nawʻ. Thumma inna al-ālāt al-juzʼīyah taqtaḍī al-ikhtilāf fī al-iqtiḍāʼ ʻalá ḥasab ikhtilāfihā fī al-ashkhāṣ bi-al-ʻawāriḍ al-ṭāriʼah ʻalá al-ḥaqāʼiq al-nāshiʼah ʻan al-asbāb al-juzʼīyah fī hādhā al-ʻālam fa-kāna al-lāzim ʻalá ikhtilāf al-akhlāq wa-tabāyun al-ārāʼ ʻalá ḥasab mā taqtaḍīhi tilka al-marātib al-shakhṣīyah an yaʼkhudha kull ṭarafan ghayr alladhī yaʼkhudhuhu al-ākhar, wa «kull yaʻmal ʻalá shākilatihi» wa-min muqtaḍayāt hādhā al-tanāfur an yatarattab ʻalayhi al-nizāʻ idh yunāziʻ al-baʻḍ al-baʻḍ al-ākhar fī qaṣdihi, wa-yadhūduhu ʻammāhuwa bi-ṣadadihi, fa-yalzam taghallub al-baʻḍ wa-qahruhu al-baʻḍ al-ākhar, wa-huwa manshaʼ al-fasād wa-al-fitan li-wuqūʻ al-ʻadāwah baynahum bi-dhālika fa-yanshaʼu ʻanhā al-muḥārabāt wa-al-muqātalāt allatī yanshaʼu ʻanhā ifsād hādhā al-nawʻ. Thumma al-istighrāq fī ʻālam al-ḥiss alladhī huwa muqtaḍá rutbat hādhā al-ʻālam yastalzim al-ghaflah ʻammā yaʼūl ilayhi amruhu baʻda mufāraqat hādhā al-ʻālam fa-yabūʼ bi-ẓulmat al-jahl wa-ḍīq kadirat al-akhlāq wa-radhāʼil al-aʻmāl, kull dhālika ʻalá ḥasab mātaqtaḍīhi marātib al-wujūd fī hādhā al-ʻālam al-ṭabīʻī

    ٭٭٭

    Wa-lammā amaddahum al-ḥaqq bi-mā fīhi iṣlāḥ abdānihim min jamīʻ lawāzim taʻayyushātihim wa-bi-mā fīhi baqāʼ hādhā al-nawʻ min al-istīlāʼ, wa-lazima an ʻaddahum min jūdihi wa-fayḍihi bi-mā yakūn sababan fī tarbiyat ʻuqūlihim wa-tazkiyat nufūsihim, wa-ṭabīban li-bawāṭin amrāḍihim, bi-an yabʻatha fīhim minhum dhā nafs qudsīyah muṭahharah ʻan jamīʻ shawāʼib al-ghaflah, munkashifah lahā al-asrār wa-al-ḥaqāʼiq ʻalá wafq al-ḥikmah bi-aṣl al-fiṭrah, lāyaḥtāj fīmā yaqṣiduhu ilá al-fikr wa-al-naẓar, waḥyuhu min nafsihi, zakī al-akhlāq, rafīʻ al-himmah, qad batha fīhi shawq khulqī wa-nūr jibillī ilá tarbiyat man arsala ilayhim, yafdī bi-rūḥihi li-dhālika, wa-lā yubālī fī hidāyat shakhṣ bi-iqtiḥām al-mahālik, qad jalasa ʻalá minaṣṣat al-balāghah, ḥattá yuḥkim bi-al-bayān iblāghahu, fa-takūn akhlāquhu mīzānan li-akhlāqihim, wa-aʻmāluhu mīzānan li-aʻmālihim, wa-dhālika innamā yakūn ʻalá ḥasab iḥtiyāj al-nawʻ li-dhālika bi-qadr al-istiʻdād, wa-istiḥkām mawādd al-fasād, fa-hādhā al-shakhṣ al-muttaṣif bi-hādhihi al-ṣifāt huwa al-nabī

    Wa-lammā balagha al-ʻālam ilá darajah (1) fī iktisāb al-maʻlūmāt, wa-wujūh al-muʻāraḍāt, wa-jālū fī tartīb al-afkār, wa-kānū fī istiʻdād li-al-tanabbuh wa-al-istibṣār, baʻatha fīhim nabīyan kāmilan ʻumūmī al-fikr ṣādiq al-lahjah, fī aʻlá ṭabaqāt al-kamāl, wa-khatama bihi al-amr wa-tammama li-ʻadam iḥtiyājihim ilá ghayrihi, idh kullamā taqādamat al-azmān, qawiyat dawāʻī al-ʻirfān, wa-qad tabayyana (2) lahum ijmālan yunbiʼ ʻan tafāṣīlihim, qad aḥāṭa bi-jamīʻ muhimmātihim ʻalá ikhtilāf aḥwālihim fī aʻṣārihim ṣallá Allāh ʻalayhi wa-sallam wa-ʻalá ālihi wa-ṣaḥbihi

    Wa-lā yakhfī ʻalá al-ʻāqil an mithl hādhā al-rajul al-kāmil lā budda minhu fī ʻālam al-wujūd li-hādhihi al-tarbiyah ʻalá māhuwa muqtaḍá al-ʻālam wa-tartībuhu ʻalá al-asbāb wa-al-marātib.

    Wa-min laṭāʼif al-waqāʼiʻ māwaqaʻa li-al-fāḍil al-ustādh (3) fī al-Āstānbūl maʻa jamāʻah min al-ṭabīʻīyīn wa-qad kānū yaskharūn bi-al-anbiyāʼ, wa-dhālika annahu qāla lahum yajib ʻalá man ankara al-ulūhīyah faḍlan ʻamman athbatahā al-iʻtiqād bi-al-nubūwah wa-dhālika li-anna al-ṭabīʻah qad iqtaḍat li-al-shakhṣ kabidan wa-qalban wa-rūḥan li-ajl baqāʼ wujūdihi, wa-iqtaḍat umūran mithl taqʻīr al-kaff wa-taqwīs al-ḥājib li-kamālihi fī wujūdihi, wa-iqtaḍat li-al-nawʻ ālah takūn sababan fī baqāʼihi, wa-al-asbāb kathīrah, fa-idhā lam yakun hādhā al-rajul al-kāmil li-hādhā al-ʻālam bi-manzilat al-rūḥ li-al-shakhṣ fa-hallā kāna mithl taqʻīr al-kaff wa-taqwīs al-ḥājib wa-hadab al-ashfār wa-naḥw dhālika! Fa-sakatū wa-qabilūhu

    Hādhā lisān al-ḥakīm fī hādhā al-bāb, wa-bi-lisān ākhar naqūl: lammā ḥaṣala li-al-wujūd fī marātib tajallīyātihi buʻd ʻan nafsihi fī marātib tajarrudihi tajallá min nafsihi

    — al-ḥawāshī —

    [18] (1) laʻalla al-aṣl darajah mā aw darajat al-rushd

    [18] (2) laʻallahā bayn

    [18] (3) yaʻnī al-Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn.