Falsafa

Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    Cicero, Marcus Tullius · the atlas

    The library of Cicero, Marcus Tullius

    Across 9 of Cicero, Marcus Tullius’s 59 works in the library, the harvest finds 532 named sources — 653 citations in all. The library holds 42 of them; the rest are the corpus’s wanted list. In the other direction, 12 works in the library quote Cicero, Marcus Tullius back — 35 citations.

    most drawn on Plato · Homer · Timaeus · Aristotle · Euripides · Cicero, Marcus Tullius · Terence · Xenophon · Theophrastus · Lycurgus

    arrangedthe librarycited by

    187 authority 193 neutral 146 refuted 52 extended 75 endorsed Of the 653 citations Cicero, Marcus Tullius makes, 146 argue against the text cited.

    the sources most drawn on

    24 of 532

    1. Plato 15 authority 4 neutral 1 refuted 3 extended 4 endorsed 27 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1 · book 2 · book 4 · book 5
      10
      On Moral Ends
      book 1 · book 2 · book 5
      6
      On the Commonwealth
      book 1 · book 4
      4
      Lucullus
      3 citations
      Academica
      book 1
      2
      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 2 · book 3
      2
      His teacher Plato fashioned a threefold soul, whose sovereign part — that is, reason — he placed in the head as in a citadel;
      Tusculan Disputations · book 1 · reported as an influential and prior teaching

    2. Homer 4 authority 2 refuted 2 extended 2 endorsed 10 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1 · book 3 · book 5
      5
      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 2 · book 3
      2
      On Fate
      1 citation
      On Moral Ends
      book 5
      1
      On the Commonwealth
      book 1
      1
      And so not unskillfully does Dionysius of Heraclea argue against those words which Achilles in Homer complains, in this manner, I think:
      Tusculan Disputations · book 3 · cites the Homeric passage as a target of philosophical critique

    3. Timaeus Plato 1 authority 2 neutral 1 refuted 1 extended 5 citations

      Timaeus
      1 citation
      Lucullus
      1 citation
      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 1
      1
      On Moral Ends
      book 2
      1
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1
      1
      Wherefore, if perchance, in discoursing of the nature of the gods and the origin of the universe, we fall short of what our minds long for — that the whole discourse should hold together, lucid and plainly adorned, and agree with itself in every part — it will be no wonder at all;
      timaeus · the whole extracted cosmological argument is a Latin rendering/adaptation of Plato's dialogue

    4. Aristotle 9 authority 6 neutral 1 refuted 7 endorsed 23 citations

      On Moral Ends
      book 2 · book 4 · book 5
      9
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1 · book 2 · book 3
      7
      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 1 · book 2
      6
      Lucullus
      1 citation
      Aristotle — far excelling all others, save that I always except Plato, both in genius and in diligence — when he had embraced those four familiar kinds of first principles from which all things arise, holds that there is a certain fifth nature, from which mind comes.
      Tusculan Disputations · book 1 · reported as a distinctive and influential theory

    5. Euripides 2 authority 1 neutral 6 endorsed 9 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1 · book 3
      6
      Lucullus
      1 citation
      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 2
      1
      On Moral Ends
      book 2
      1
      But that which Theseus says he heard from a learned man, Euripides speaks of himself.
      Tusculan Disputations · book 3 · cites and praises Euripides' dramatization of the premeditation doctrine

    6. Cicero, Marcus Tullius 1 authority 2 neutral 2 extended 1 endorsed 6 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 3 · book 5
      3
      On the Commonwealth
      book 2 · book 3
      2
      On Fate
      1 citation
      Although, concerning philosophy in general — how greatly it is both to be sought and cultivated — enough, as I think, has been said in the Hortensius.
      Tusculan Disputations · book 3 · cites his own prior work as having covered the general defense of philosophy

    7. Terence 1 authority 3 neutral 2 endorsed 6 citations

      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 2 · book 3
      3
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 3
      2
      On Moral Ends
      book 5
      1
      And so at one time they called by the name of a god the thing which was born of a god, as when we call the crops Ceres and wine Liber — whence that line of Terence,
      On the Nature of the Gods · book 2 · used as poetic authority for the practice of naming gifts after gods

    8. Xenophon 1 authority 1 neutral 1 refuted 1 endorsed 4 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 2 · book 5
      2
      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 1
      1
      On Moral Ends
      book 2
      1
      And so Africanus always had in his hands the Socratic Xenophon, in whom he chiefly praised this — that he said the same toils are not equally heavy to a general and to a soldier, because the honour itself made the general's toil the lighter.
      Tusculan Disputations · book 2 · cites Xenophon's Socratic writing as an endorsed source of doctrine on honour lightening toil

    9. Theophrastus 3 authority 2 neutral 1 refuted 1 endorsed 7 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1 · book 3 · book 5
      4
      On Moral Ends
      book 1 · book 5
      3
      For he who grieves at another's adversities grieves also at another's prosperities, as Theophrastus, deploring the death of his companion Callisthenes, is vexed at the prosperous affairs of Alexander, and so says that Callisthenes fell in with a man of the highest power and the highest fortune, but ignorant of how it befitted him to use prosperity.
      Tusculan Disputations · book 3 · reports Theophrastus's known reaction as evidence for the linkage of pity and envy

    10. Lycurgus 1 authority 2 neutral 1 extended 4 citations

      On the Commonwealth
      book 2 · book 3 · book 4
      3
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1
      1
      And in doing this he first saw and judged the same thing that Lycurgus a little before had seen at Sparta:
      On the Commonwealth · book 2 · cites Lycurgus's Spartan model as paralleled and extended by Romulus

    11. The Twelve Tables Roman law (Decemviri) 4 authority 4 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 2 · book 4
      2
      On the Commonwealth
      book 2 · book 4
      2
      and this, surely, is that \"lament\" which the Twelve Tables forbade to be employed at funerals.
      Tusculan Disputations · book 2 · cites the legal code as authoritative support for the prohibition on lament

    12. On the Happy Life Theophrastus 1 neutral 2 refuted 3 citations

      On Moral Ends
      book 5
      2
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 5
      1
      Which is chiefly brought about by Theophrastus's book on the happy life, in which a great deal indeed is given to fortune.
      On Moral Ends · book 5 · identifies the specific work and explains the stance of refutation

    13. Aeneid Vergil 2 neutral 2 citations

      On Fate
      1 citation
      On the Commonwealth
      book 4
      1
      ’ (Servius, on Vergil, Aeneid 3.
      on fate · identifies the Vergilian poem being commented on, within which the fragment about fate is embedded

    14. Annals Ennius 1 authority 1 neutral 2 citations

      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 2
      1
      On the Commonwealth
      book 1
      1
      He who thinks this could have come to pass, I do not see why he should not also think that, if innumerable forms of the one-and-twenty letters, whether of gold or of any kind you please, were thrown together somewhere, the Annals of Ennius could be produced out of them, cast upon the ground, so that they could be read straight through;
      On the Nature of the Gods · book 2 · cited as an example of ordered composition contrasted with atomist chance

    15. Attic Nights Aulus Gellius 2 neutral 2 citations

      On Fate
      1 citation
      On the Commonwealth
      book 5 · book 6
      1
      ’ (Gellius, Attic Nights 7.
      on fate · identifies the transmitting text preserving this fragment of Cicero

    16. City of God Augustine 2 neutral 2 citations

      On Fate
      1 citation
      On the Commonwealth
      book 4 · book 5 · book 6
      1
      13] Since they reckoned the player's art and the whole stage a disgrace, they willed that this kind of men should not only lack the honour of the rest of the citizens, but even be removed from their tribe by the censor's mark.
      On the Commonwealth · book 4 · identifies Augustine's City of God as the preserving source of this fragment

    17. Herodotus 2 authority 2 citations

      On Moral Ends
      book 2
      1
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1
      1
      For when once the happy life has been taken up, it remains as long as wisdom herself, the producer of the happy life, and does not await the last span of life — that which Herodotus writes was the precept given by Solon to Croesus.
      On Moral Ends · book 2 · cited as historical/authoritative support for the claim that happiness requires completeness of life

    18. On the Commonwealth Cicero (attributed to Laelius within the dialogue) 2 authority 2 citations

      On Moral Ends
      book 2
      1
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 4
      1
      and on these matters enough has been said by Laelius in our books On the Commonwealth.
      On Moral Ends · book 2 · cited as sufficient prior treatment of the topic

    19. Phaedrus Plato 2 authority 2 citations

      On Moral Ends
      book 2
      1
      Tusculan Disputations
      book 1
      1
      This rule, laid down by Plato in the Phaedrus, Epicurus approved, and felt that it ought to be done in every discussion.
      On Moral Ends · book 2 · Cites the Phaedrus as the source of the methodological rule being applied

    20. Phaenomena Aratus 2 extended 2 citations

      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 2
      1
      On the Commonwealth
      book 1
      1
      and with stars equal and marked out alike the little Cynosura traverses the same pole of the sky.
      On the Nature of the Gods · book 2 · the whole star-catalogue is Cicero's own verse rendering/adaptation of the Aratean astronomical poem tradition

    21. Saturnalia Macrobius 2 neutral 2 citations

      On Fate
      1 citation
      On the Commonwealth
      book 6
      1
      ”’ (Macrobius, Saturnalia 3.
      on fate · identifies the transmitting text preserving Cicero's anecdote about Scipio and the sturgeon

    22. letter to Atticus Marcus Tullius Cicero 1 authority 1 neutral 2 citations

      Academica
      book 3
      1
      On the Commonwealth
      book 5
      1
      It opened with a Prooemium (the same preface that Cicero, by his own admission in a letter to Atticus, once mistakenly reused elsewhere).
      Academica · book 3 · cites Cicero's correspondence as authoritative evidence for the textual history of the preface

    23. pontifical books Roman pontiffs 2 authority 2 citations

      On the Nature of the Gods
      book 1
      1
      On the Commonwealth
      book 2
      1
      Next, the number of names is not great even in our pontifical books, while the gods are innumerable.
      On the Nature of the Gods · book 1 · citation used as authority against the claim of innumerable named gods

    24. unspecified tragedy featuring Neoptolemus Ennius 1 neutral 1 endorsed 2 citations

      Tusculan Disputations
      book 2
      1
      On the Commonwealth
      book 1
      1
      Neoptolemus, indeed, in Ennius says that he must needs philosophize, but only a little, for he had no liking for it altogether.
      Tusculan Disputations · book 2 · identifies the textual source for the Neoptolemus saying used to open the work

    the index of the library

    24 entries

    A

    1. Academica Cicero Tusculan Disputations 1
    2. Aeschines Tusculan Disputations 1
    3. Aeschylus Tusculan Disputations 2
    4. Andria Terence On Moral Ends 1

    C

    1. Callimachus Tusculan Disputations 2

    E

    1. Electra Sophocles On Moral Ends 1

    G

    1. Gorgias Plato Tusculan Disputations 1

    H

    1. Hippocrates On Fate 1

    I

    1. Iliad Homer Tusculan Disputations 1

    L

    1. Laws Plato On the Nature of the Gods 1

    M

    1. Meno Plato Tusculan Disputations 1

    O

    1. Oedipus at Colonus Sophocles On Moral Ends 1
    2. On Fate Marcus Tullius Cicero On Fate 2
    3. On the Nature of the Gods Cicero, Marcus Tullius On Fate 1
    4. Orestes Euripides Tusculan Disputations 1

    P

    1. Phormio Terence On the Nature of the Gods 1
    2. Polybius On the Commonwealth 1

    R

    1. Republic Plato On the Commonwealth 1

    S

    1. Sophocles Tusculan Disputations 1
    2. Statius Tusculan Disputations 1

    T

    1. Theogony Hesiod On the Nature of the Gods 1
    2. Thyestes Ennius Tusculan Disputations 1
    3. Trachiniae Sophocles Tusculan Disputations 1
    4. Tusculan Disputations Cicero, Marcus Tullius On Fate 1

    named once

    484 sources · 9 works

    Each of these stands at a single passage, named once and not held by the library. The work that names it carries the anchor.

    Stoic Paradoxes
    Socratic disputations and doctrine · a wise poet's saying on Fortune · ancestral Roman usage of the term 'goods' · saying about slavery and freedom · special law concerning entry into the rites of the Good Goddess · unspecified Stoic teachings and lecture-hall disputations
    Timaeus
    Carneades · Pythagoreans · ancient and primeval men (ancestral tradition)
    Academica
    Antiochus's writings against Philo · Antipater's volumes against Carneades · Carneades's arguments against the Stoics · Democritus's sayings on the hiddenness of truth · Epicurus's natural philosophy / doctrine of pleasure · Old Academy doctrine as transmitted by Antiochus · Philo's books denying two Academies · the Academic doctrine of the probable/truth-like (to pithanon) · the Stoic school's doctrine (Zeno's system) · the poets' naming of the sea as 'the level plain' (aequor) · unspecified conversations/dialogues of Socrates
    On Fate
    Commentary on the Aeneid · Stoic doctrine of sympathy and fate · atomic necessity · atomic theory and the swerve · defense of voluntary motion of mind without the swerve · doctrine of possibles (peri dynatōn) · oracle concerning Cypselus's reign at Corinth · the lazy argument (argos logos) · unspecified account of Daphitas, the castaway, and Icadius · verse on the fir-trees of Pelion (Medea)
    Lucullus
    Books on the withholding of assent · Cosmological doctrine of the four heads / natural philosophy schools · Doctrine of probable impressions and withholding assent · Doctrine on the sorites (hesychazein) · Epicurean doctrine of pleasure · Epicurean physics/canon (doctrine that senses never lie) · Epicurean/Cyrenaic sensory-pleasure criterion of truth · Eretrian ethical doctrine (the good is in the mind's keenness) · Letter to Gaius Lucilius on Carneades's teaching · Logical doctrine on the connected proposition (conditional) · Megarian ethical doctrine (the good is the one, like, and same) · On Nature · On disjunctive propositions (Epicurean logic) · On the doubtfulness of divination · On the separation of opinion and clearness · On the universe / atomist natural philosophy · Reproach against Academic non-comprehension claim · Reproach against Philo (on false and true impressions) · Sosus · Stoic doctrine that all sins are equal · Stoic ethical doctrine (living honourably as the end) · Stoic theology (god as aether) · Stoic writings against the senses · The Labors of Hercules (myth, used metaphorically) · Tragedy featuring Alcmeon (attributed to Ennius's adaptation) · Tragedy featuring Ilione · a certain book praising philosophy (Cicero's Hortensius) · anti-Stoic hedonist-naturalist ethical construction · arguments against the senses and common approval · atomist doctrine (rough, smooth, hooked bodies with void) · book on grief · books on the method of speaking · claim regarding Africanus's irony · conditional statement analysis ("if it is day, it is light") · debate with Zeno on the criterion of a true impression · definition of the comprehensible impression (phantasia kataleptike) · definition of the perceivable impression · denial of the optical illusion of twisted-eye flames · doctrine combining freedom from distress with honour · doctrine of Arcesilas (New Academy) · doctrine of apatheia · doctrine of freedom from distress as the end · doctrine of inner perception only · doctrine of innumerable identical worlds · doctrine of sensory infallibility · doctrine of the earth's rotation · doctrine of the inhabited moon · doctrine of the probable / criterion of truth · doctrine on oikeion (natural affinity) · doctrine that happiness requires virtue plus other goods · doctrine that pleasure and honour are the ends · doctrine that the soul is a bodiless number · doctrine that the sun rules the cosmos · doctrine that virtue alone is good (and adiaphoria) · elements of the dialecticians · ethical doctrine placing the good in cognition and knowledge · hedonist ethical doctrine (Cyrenaic) · history written in Greek · professed ignorance (Socratic doctrine) · relativist criterion of truth · reversed doctrine on the highest good · saying about nature hiding the truth · syllogism on assent and opinion · teaching under Philo · the black-snow doctrine · the embassy account (history) · the histories concerning Africanus's embassy · the sorites method · three defensible opinions on the ends of goods · two books · unspecified Stoic treatises on impressions · unspecified accounts of Lucullus in Greek and Latin literature · unspecified natural-philosophical teaching · unspecified play (Ennius, on the sun/eyes trope) · verse on Cynosura and Phoenician navigation · verses on the senses' limits · verses rebuking claims to knowledge · writings of Polemo (Old Academy ethical doctrine)
    On the Nature of the Gods
    physical/etymological theology of the gods · unspecified poem (Annales or similar) · Academic arguments against the Stoics · Academic epistemology (scepticism about the senses and reason) · Academics (four books) · Epicurean rejection of divination · Greek proverb about the certainty of the Sagra · Kyriai Doxai · Lex Aquilia / judgement on evil fraud (de dolo malo) · On Minerva · On the Nature of the Gods (book five) · On the Standard and Judgement · Physicus · Sibylline prophecies · Stoic doctrine of ekpyrosis (world-conflagration) · Stoic doctrine of friendship among the wise · Stoic doctrine of providence · Stoic doctrine of the four sources of belief in the gods · Stoic theological allegory (etymological doctrine of divine names) · The Comrades · Thyestes (tragedy) · account of the tripod contest with Apollo and Hercules genealogies · argument from human reason to divine nature · argument from the mind's origin · argument on heat and vitality · argument on the world's perfection and hierarchy of purposes · argument that the sun is fiery · arguments against the immortality of any body or living being · astronomical poem (Phaenomena) · attribution of the Orphic poem to Cercon · book on Stoic-Peripatetic agreement · books on holiness and piety toward the gods · books on the nature of the gods · cosmic harmony doctrine · doctrine that all force is fire · doctrine that reason exists only in human shape · doctrine that religion was invented by wise men for the commonwealth · doctrine that useful things were reckoned as gods · explanation of solstitial turning of the sun · fables of Orpheus, Musaeus, Hesiod, and Homer · golden oration on Numa's sacrificial ladles · history · line on Hercules's pyre on Mount Oeta · line on the ape's resemblance to man · philosophy of Epicurus · physical theology of nature as artificer fire · pontifical law and custom of the forefathers · satiric verse mentioning the 'son of Neptune' · saying about votive tablets and shipwreck survivors · saying on philosophers harming hearers · saying on the origin of human intelligence · saying on the prosperity of the wicked as evidence against the gods · sayings of Metrodorus · sayings/maxims of Epicurus · sorites argument against the divinity of underworld and primordial figures · syllogism on man's inability and divine causation · syllogism on the world's use of reason · syllogistic arguments for the world's rationality and divinity · teaching on the four causes of the notion of the gods · teaching on the sufficiency of virtue · teachings of Pythagoras · teachings on the nature of the gods (doxography from Thales onward) · the mechanical sphere · the philosophical school of the Stoa · theory of deified mortals · theory of images/simulacra and inert gods · theory of phantoms/simulacra · tragedy naming Absyrtus as Aegialeus · translation/adaptation of Euhemerus's theory · unnamed treatise 'Of the gods' · unspecified Epicurean doctrinal writings (on atomic images and isonomia) · unspecified Stoic teaching on the pig's soul · unspecified historical work · unspecified natural philosophy of Democritus and Leucippus · unspecified play (the shepherd's speech) · unspecified poem containing 'this gleaming vault on high, whom all men call upon as Jove' · unspecified poetic tradition on the golden and iron races · unspecified tragedy (lines on ether/sky) · unspecified tragedy (possibly Ennius, Medea) · unspecified verse (Telamon) · unspecified verses on Jove · unspecified view on world-conflagration · various accounts of the nature of the gods (images, mind-principles, animate images, world-embracing images) · verses on Roscius
    On Moral Ends
    Art of Rhetoric · a comic line on gladness (unspecified play) · 'falsely-speaking malices' (phrase) · Antiopa · Argument that Stoic-Peripatetic dispute is merely verbal · Book Two of On Moral Ends (the discussion with Torquatus) · Carneades's hypothetical of the hidden asp · Cleanthes's allegorical image of Pleasure and the Virtues · Definition of the good · Definition of the highest good as living according to nature · Doctrine of ends fitted to kinds of living creatures · Doctrine of pleasure and its darkening · Doctrine of the Peripatetics · Doctrine of the Stoics (Stoic school as a whole) · Doctrine of the fear of death and religion · Doctrine of the highest good in its third signification · Doctrine of the wise man's constant happiness · Doctrine that knowledge alone, indifference of things, or suspension of assent is the highest good · Doctrine that the honourable/mind alone is the highest good (three schools placing highest good in the mind) · Epicurean doctrine on pleasure and sensation · Epicurean school (Torquatus's school) · Epicurus on fortune and the wise man · Epicurus on the duration of pleasure and time · Epicurus's claim that one cannot live pleasantly without living honourably · Epicurus's doctrine of physics, logic, and pleasure · Epicurus's doctrine that pleasure is the highest good · Epicurus's saying about enduring pain while being burned · Epicurus's teaching on friendship and usefulness · Epicurus's teaching that natural riches are easily procured · Epicurus's teachings on honourableness and pleasure · Ethical doctrine (Old Academy/Peripatetic synthesis) · Kyriai Doxai (Authoritative Maxims) · Letter to Quintus Tubero on bearing pain · Medea · On the highest good (implied treatise/book) · Peripatetic doctrine of virtue and external goods · Peripatetic doctrine on the balance of good and evil in the wise man's life · Peripatetic teaching (oral/philosophical tradition) · Peripatetic teaching on pain as an evil to be borne bravely · Physical doctrine following Democritus · Socrates's saying on hunger as seasoning · Stoic dictum on virtue and happiness · Stoic doctrine of Zeno · Stoic doctrine of preferred and rejected things · Stoic doctrine of the honourable · Stoic philosophy (general doctrine) · Stoic teaching inherited from Polemo · Synephebi · Threefold formula of living according to nature · Unspecified writings on the commonwealth and laws · View that riches serve pleasure and health · Zeno's teaching on pain · a common Greek verse on the burning of all lands · a line about wine (unspecified poem) · a line on good and evil (unspecified) · a tragic line about wild beasts and death · a tragic play on Philoctetes · advice on judging happiness only at death · ancient legendary fables · anecdote of Marcus Crassus's laughter · arguments against Aristo · atomist physics · coinage of proegmenon and apoproegmenon · dialectical rule of inference · doctrine joining honourableness to another good · doctrine of freedom from pain as highest good · doctrine of freedom from pain joined to honourableness · doctrine of indifference among things (equanimity) · doctrine of tranquillity of mind (euthymia) · doctrine on friendship · doctrine that a life with any evil cannot be happy · doctrine that acting for natural goods, even unattained, is the sole good · doctrine that nothing differs but virtue and vice · doctrine that nothing is good except knowledge · doctrine that pleasure is the highest good · hedonist doctrine that the wise man has more of what he wishes than not · letter to Hermarchus · method for disregarding pain · mockery of Stoic terminology · on good repute (eudoxia) and usefulness · on man's lack of right with beasts · philosophical models cited by Panaetius · philosophical teachings (natural philosophy of countless worlds) · poetry · position on continuous bodily pleasure · proverb on toils · reply on memory and forgetting · satirical verse on Scaevola and Albucius · saying on the happy man · speech to Rome on past toils · teaching of the Old Academy and Peripatetics on the ends of goods · teaching on sensation and physics · the Carneadean division of opinions on the highest good · the Carneadean end · the compact among the wise regarding mutual disposition toward friends · the dialectical puzzle of the outstretched hand · the doctrine that pleasure and pain are Nature's criteria of good and evil · the labours of Hercules (aerumnae) · tragedy featuring Alcmaeon · trial of Lucius Murena · unnamed satirical verse mocking Atilius ('a writer of iron') · unspecified Stoic teachings · unspecified doctrine (agreement with nature) · unspecified doctrine (definition of mental pleasure) · unspecified doctrine (enjoyment of first natural things against Stoics) · unspecified doctrine (first natural things) · unspecified doctrine (freedom from pain added to virtue) · unspecified doctrine (freedom from pain as highest good) · unspecified doctrine (knowledge as the good) · unspecified doctrine (pleasure added to virtue) · unspecified doctrine (rhetoric and dialectic division) · unspecified doctrine (virtue alone, no difference between health and sickness) · unspecified doctrine (virtue alone, stripped of selection) · unspecified doctrine on the difference of things · unspecified earlier dialogue defending philosophy (Hortensius) · unspecified framing of the highest-good debate · unspecified other book (on the highest good) · unspecified philosophical teaching of the Stoic school · unspecified refutation of Erillus · unspecified sayings/doctrine · unspecified teaching on the highest good · unspecified verse on piety and fear · unspecified writings of Chrysippus · unspecified writings of later Epicureans on friendship · will/testament of Epicurus
    Tusculan Disputations
    Consolation · Definitions of fortitude · Niptra · doctrine of the soul's immortality · unnamed teaching on the soul · unspecified verses praising deeds · Apokarteron · Arbitration of the Peripatetic-Stoic dispute · Carneades' argument against the Stoics on natural goods · Cato · Comic verse on grief · Comic verse on lustful anticipation · Consolation (Cicero's) · Critique of Plato on love · Critique of Stoic definitions · Definition of love · Doctrine on the wise man's constant pleasure · Doctrine that all the foolish are insane · Epicurean doctrine on pleasure and pain · Epigoni · Greek banquet custom/law on drinking · Hortensius · Iliad (mourning of Agamemnon) and tragedy of Accius · Lesbiaci · Leucadia · Melanippus · On the Highest Good · Origines · Origins · Peripatetic doctrine of moderate disturbances (metriopatheia) · Peripatetic doctrine of three kinds of goods · Peripatetic doctrine on moderate disturbances · Positions of the Peripatetics and Stoics on external and bodily goods · Praise of Death · Prohibition on applying remedy to fresh grief · Republic (Cicero's, Book 6) · Saying on anger as the beginning of madness · Saying on anger toward his bailiff · Saying on the beginning of infamy · Sayings on withdrawal from unbearable circumstances · Stoic doctrine of disturbances (pathē) · Stoic doctrine of the soul's temporary survival · Stoic doctrine on the end of goods · Tradition of the Socratic-Platonic school on goods of the mind · Tragedy of the Argonauts · Tragic dialogue of the brothers (Atreus and Thyestes) · Unnamed tragedy on Medea · Unspecified Stoic saying · Unspecified verses (tragedy, Ajax) · Verse on Hector's gladness · Verse on love's power over minds · Verses on love's inconstancy · argument against the soul's immortality (from birth and sickness) · argument that death removes us from evils, not goods · atomist theory of the soul · book sent to the Carthaginian captives · charge that sensation persists after death · comic scene (father and dissolute son) · criticism of Chrysippus's praise of Euripides · definition of distress requiring 'freshness' · definition of pathos · definitions of the several names for distress · disputation recorded in Clitomachus's book · doctrine of bodily happiness · doctrine of the Cyrenaics · doctrine on pain and the wise man's endurance · doctrine on removing the opinion of duty to grieve · doctrine on the cause of distress · doctrine on the office of the consoler · doctrine on unexpected evils · doctrine that freedom from pain is the highest good · doctrine that naming things is the mark of highest wisdom · doctrine that nothing is good save freedom from pain · doctrine that pain is not an evil · doctrine that pain is the highest evil · epigram on his own likeness · epitaph for the Spartans at Thermopylae · epitaph of Sardanapalus · etymology of lypē · gathered lore on burial customs · harmony theory of the soul · harmony theory of the soul (again) · history/account of Publius Rupilius · letter of Anacharsis to Hanno · letter to Quintus Tubero · line on panic · line on wisdom beneath a sordid cloak · maxim on seeds and soil · no-soul doctrine (dialogue set at Corinth) · opinion on death and dying · opinion on the soul's survival after death · passage on Medea's miseries · philosophical teaching (Socratic method) · poem lamenting the fall of Troy · precept of Epicurus on avoiding public affairs · quoted declarations on foreseen mortality · report on the ancients (casci) and Romulus's apotheosis · reported saying on the death of his son · restatement of the Epicurean happy life · saying about Hermodorus · saying of Teucer · speeches of Gracchus · the Misogynist · the Twelve Tables (legal text) · the modesty of the Academics (position statement) · theatrical description of the underworld · theory of the soul as inflamed breath · theory of the soul as number · tragedy on Hector's death (Iliona or similar) · unspecified (doctrines of the philosophers on the ideal wise man) · unspecified Epicurean writings/doctrine · unspecified Stoic teaching on pain · unspecified account/writing on Pythagoras at Phlius · unspecified book written by Brutus · unspecified historical record of Dionysius' life · unspecified philosophical teaching (that nothing is good but the honourable) · unspecified precept (tragedy) · unspecified saying about his own funeral · unspecified saying about mourning at death · unspecified saying on forestalling Fortune · unspecified sayings/doctrine on pleasure and virtue · unspecified teaching (pathē doctrine) · unspecified writings on the threefold division of goods and the happiest life · unspecified written history · verses inscribed on Archimedes' tomb · verses on Pacideianus · view that Nature compels grief · view that distress concerns only bodily/fortune discomforts · views on unforeseen misfortune · witty saying about the bald king · writings reporting Carneades's criticism
    On the Commonwealth
    Aeneid (commentary) · Anecdote/saying of Archytas · Annales (implied, verses on the death of a king) · Arguments against the natural existence of justice · Ars Grammatica · City of God, 22.6 · Codex manuscript note 458 · Description of Syracuse's splendor · Divine Institutes · Doctrine of universal right extending to animals · Iphigenia · Letters · Letters (letter 138, to Marcellinus) · Paradoxa · Porcian laws · Reforms addressing citizen debt · Rules governing property acquired by conquest and the ephor/cosmoi institutions · The Voconian Law · The tragedy featuring the serpent-drawn chariot · Unspecified verse (fragment on kingship and good faith) · Writings on justice · [Nonius, 526M] fragment on the duration of Romulus's constitution · [Nonius, p. 342M] fragment on the mixed constitution · annals of the Greeks · augural books · commentaries of Philolaus · commentary on the Dream of Scipio · consular law on the right of appeal · public annals of Rome · sayings/anecdote about Scipio Africanus (elder) · teachings/doctrine of Pythagoras · unspecified sayings/discourse of Cato · unspecified tragedy featuring Zethus · unspecified work (grammatical/lexical citations) · unspecified work or sayings of Ennius · verse on ancient Roman manners

    cited by

    35 citations · from 12 works

    12 works in the library quote Cicero, Marcus Tullius — 35 citations, each anchored to a verbatim passage in the work that does the quoting.

    through De Officiis 8 · Cicero, Marcus Tullius 6 · letter to Atticus 5 · Tusculan Disputations 3 · On the Commonwealth 3 · De Inventione 3 · On Fate 2 · Topica 2 · Stoic paradoxes 1 · Academica 1 · On the Nature of the Gods 1

    by the citing author

    Cicero, Marcus Tullius 15 · Gaius 9 · Hugo Grotius 5 · Seneca, Lucius Annaeus 4 · Henry Sumner Maine 1 · Tertullian 1

    The harvest records where a citation is made: the paragraph in the citing book, and the chapter that paragraph stands in. It does not record which page of Cicero, Marcus Tullius is meant. Where the citing text names a locus, you will find it in the quotation.

    1. Institutes of Roman Law Gaius 5 authority 4 neutral 9 citations · 11 passages

      ch. 26 · de manv. (2) 2 · ch. 73 · [ad legem falcidiam.] (2) · consensv obligationes. (2) · commentarivs qvartvs 3 · ch. 121 2

      Directly cited by title and passage number in identifying Aquilius Gallus.

      It was only, however, a form of release from verbal obligations, but Aquihus Gallus, the colleague of Cicero in his praetorship, the pupil of Quintus Mucius and teacher of Servius Sulpicius, the inventor of formulas relating to dolus malus, Cic.
      consensv obligationes. (2)

    2. On Fate Cicero, Marcus Tullius 3 authority 2 neutral 5 citations · 4 passages

      on fate 4

      Explicitly named as one of the narrator's own earlier published works.

      But what I did in my other books, those on the nature of the gods, and likewise in those I published on divination—namely, that the argument should be developed continuously on both sides, so that each man might the more readily accept whatever seemed to him most probable—a certain accident prevented me from doing in this discussion on fate.
      on fate

    3. Tusculan Disputations Cicero, Marcus Tullius 3 authority 1 neutral 1 extended 5 citations · 6 passages

      book 2 · book 3 3 · book 4 · book 5

      Named directly as a prior work by Cicero where the value of philosophy was argued.

      Although, concerning philosophy in general — how greatly it is both to be sought and cultivated — enough, as I think, has been said in the Hortensius.
      book 3

    4. The Rights of War and Peace Hugo Grotius 2 authority 1 refuted 1 endorsed 4 citations · 5 passages

      chapter xii.: on contracts. · ch. 34 · ch. 35 · chapter xxv.: conclusion. 2

      Explicitly cited to open the discussion of enemy property.

      Cicero, in the third book of his offices, has said that there is nothing repugnant to the law of nature in spoiling the effects of an enemy, whom by the same law we are authorized to kill.
      ch. 35

    5. On the Commonwealth Cicero, Marcus Tullius 1 neutral 1 extended 1 endorsed 3 citations · 4 passages

      book 2 2 · book 3 · book 5

      The dialogue explicitly refers back to and builds upon Scipio's earlier discourse on the kinds of commonwealths within the same work.

      When Scipio had said these things, and, all being silent, the rest of his discourse was awaited, then Tubero:
      book 2

    6. Letters to Lucilius Seneca, Lucius Annaeus 3 neutral 3 citations · 8 passages

      letter 87 · letter 108 5 · letter 118 2

      Cicero's letters to Atticus are explicitly named and described as a model Seneca chooses not to follow

      And so I will give in advance, and will not do what Cicero, that most eloquent man, bids Atticus do, that even if he has no matter to write of, he should write whatever comes to his lips.
      letter 118

    7. Academica Cicero, Marcus Tullius 1 authority 1 citation

      book 3

      The editorial note invokes a specific letter by Cicero to Atticus as the authoritative source establishing the reuse of the Prooemium.

      It opened with a Prooemium (the same preface that Cicero, by his own admission in a letter to Atticus, once mistakenly reused elsewhere).
      book 3

    8. On Moral Ends Cicero, Marcus Tullius 1 authority 1 citation

      book 2

      Explicitly named as a work ('our books On the Commonwealth') where Laelius addressed these matters.

      and on these matters enough has been said by Laelius in our books On the Commonwealth.
      book 2

    9. Ancient Law Henry Sumner Maine 1 authority 1 citation

      ch. 10

      Cicero's letters are explicitly cited as historical evidence for the burden of family rites on inheritance.

      The letters of Cicero to Atticus, which are full of allusions to them, leave no doubt that they constituted an intolerable burden on Inheritances;
      ch. 10

    10. The Freedom of the Seas (Mare Liberum) Hugo Grotius 1 authority 1 citation · 11 passages

      letter ii 11

      Cited at very many anchors throughout the apparatus, including translation notes.

      Cicero, De officiis I.
      letter ii

    11. On the Shortness of Life Seneca, Lucius Annaeus 1 neutral 1 citation

      on the shortness of life

      Seneca explicitly identifies and quotes from a specific letter of Cicero to Atticus as a textual source.

      What mournful words he wrings out in a certain letter to Atticus, when the elder Pompey had now been defeated and the son was still trying to revive his shattered arms in Spain!
      on the shortness of life

    12. Apologeticum Tertullian 1 neutral 1 citation

      apologeticum

      The Tusculans is named directly as Cicero's work exhorting endurance of death, contrasted with Christian teaching by deeds.

      Cicero in the Tusculans, Seneca in his work On Chance, Diogenes, Pyrrho, Callinicus.
      apologeticum