Introduction: what the philosophers of language said about the jinn

( k ) mā-yaḥkūnahu min nīrān al-saʻālá wa-al-jinn ( kā ) falsafat mā-tazʻamuhu al-Aʻrāb min ʻazīf al-jān wa-taghawwul al-ghīlān

( wa-ammā al-maqṣad al-thānī ) fa-fī ārāʼ falāsifat al-Islām fī al-jinn ( a ) Ibn Sīnā ( b ) Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī ( j ) al-Ghazālī ( d ) Ibn Ḥazm ( h ) al-Fakhr al-Rāzī ( w ) al-Qāshānī ( z ) al-Māwardī ( ḥ ) al-Qāḍī Abū Yaʻlá Ibn al-Farrāʼ ( ṭ ) Ibn Taymīyah ( á ) Ibn al-Qayyim ( yā ) al-Ustādh al-Imām al-Shaykh Muḥammad ʻAbduh innamā taʼaththarat madhāhib al-Aʻrāb bi-mā athara ʻan al-aʼimmah fī hādhihi al-masʼalah intiqālan ilá al-jadd fī mabāḥithihā idh al-maqṣad al-awwal ashbah bi-al-jimām wa-al-mishrāḥ li-mā shāba jaddahu min makhārīq wa-makhāyil wa-khatamtu al-baḥth bi-mutafarriqāt min shawārid hādhihi al-masʼalah tatmīman li-fawāʼidihi wa-taʼyīdan li-maqāṣidihi

Laysa lanā min mazīyah fīmā atharnāhu illā intiqāʼ al-muhimm mimmā ṭālaʻnāhu wa-tartībihi ʻalá hādhā al-uslūb .

Nasʼaluhu taʻālá an yamunna ʻalaynā bi-tanwīr al-qulūb wa-yudkhilunā fī ʻibādihi alladhīn yuʼminūn bi-al-ghuyūb

Al-muqaddimah

Fīmā qālahu falāsifat al-lughah fī al-jinn

Qāla al-Rāghib al-Aṣbahānī fī mufradātihi fī māddat jann : aṣl al-jinn satr al-shayʼ ʻan al-ḥāssah yuqāl jannahu al-layl wa-ajannahu wa-al-jinān al-qalb li-kawnihi mastūran ʻan al-ḥāssah wa-al-jannah kull bustān yustar bi-ashjārihi al-arḍ ( thumma qāla ) : wa-al-jinn yuqāl ʻalá al-rūḥānīyīn al-mustatirah ʻan al-ḥawās kullihā bi-izāʼ al-ins wa-sa-yaʼtī tatimmat kalāmihi

Wa-qāla al-Zamakhsharī fī asās al-balāghah : jannahu satarahu fa-ijtanna wa-istajanna bi-jummah istatara bihā wa-ijtanna al-walad fī al-baṭn wa-ajannatʹhu al-ḥāmil wa-wārāhu jinān al-layl ay ẓulmatʹhu wa-fulān ḍaʻīf al-janān wa-huwa al-qalb wa-jannat al-arḍ bi-al-nabāt wa-lā-jinna bi-kadhā ay lā-khifāʼ bihi qāla Suwayd :

, wa-lā-jinna bi-al-baghḍāʼ wa-al-naẓar al-shazr ,

Wa-naqala al-Imām Ibn Jarīr fī sūrat al-Baqarah fī tafsīr āyat « wa-idh qulnā li-al-malāʼikah usjudū li-Ādam fa-sajadū illā Iblīs » an istithnāʼahu min al-malāʼikah yadull ʻalá annahu minhum wa-ʻan Ibn Isḥaq an al-ʻArab yaqūlūn : mā al-jinn illā kull man ijtanna fa-lam yaraw an āyat « illā Iblīs kāna min al-jinn » ay kāna min al-malāʼikah wa-dhāk an al-malāʼikah ijtanū fa-lam yaraw wa-an āyat « wa-jaʻalū baynahu wa-bayn al-jannah nasaban » ishārah li-qawl Quraysh an al-malāʼikah banāt Allāh ( qāla ) wa-qad qāla al-Aʻshī — Aʻshá