The Book of Happiness

Bism Allāh al-Raḥmān al-Raḥīm

Kitāb al-Saʻādah

al-Ḥamd lillāh alladhī ʻamma al-khalq bi-niʻamihi wa-khaṣṣa awliyāʼahu bi-khaṣāʼiṣ qismihi aḥmaduhu ʻalá mā afāḍa min ḥikmatihi wa-asʼaluhu inzāʻ al-shukr ʻalá minanihi wa-al-ṣalāh ʻalá nabīhi wa-ʻitratihi. Wa-baʻd taḥqīq ʻalá man khaṣṣahu Allāh bi-al-himmah al-ʻāliyah wa-waffara ḥaẓẓahu min ṣiḥḥat al-rawīyah wa-jaʻala li-nafsihi fī kull faḍīlah qadam ṣidq wa-ḍaraba li-raʼyihi sahman fī kull ḥaqq an yasmū ilá mā-samā ilayhi al-ustādh aʻānahu Allāh ʻalá darak al-ḥaqq wa-sahhala ilayhi sabīl al-maṭālib ḥattá nartaqī min daraj al-ḥikmah ilá aʻlāhā dhirwah wa-naẓfara bi-aḥlāhā thamarah wa-lam azal mundhu raʼaytu tashawwufahu ilá al-ʻulūm al-ḥaqīqīyah wa-inṭibāʻahu bi-ṭābiʻ al-ḥikmah ujārīhi al-shayʼ baʻda al-shayʼ mimmā yastadʻīhi minhā ʻalá qadr al-waqt wa-bi-ḥasab al-ḥāl ilá an jārānī gharaḍ al-ḥakīm alladhī yaʻḍuduhu bi-saʻyihi wa-ghāyat al-faylasūf allatī yaltamisuhā bi-ijtihādihi wa-saʼalanī ʻan aṣnāf saʻādāt al-nās ʻalá marātibihim wa-mā hiya wa-mā qadr tafāwutihā li-yaṣīra ʻazmuhu musaddadan ilá aʻlāhā wa-saʻyuhu maqṣūran ʻalá aqṣāhā fa-waʻadtuhu ithbāt dhālika fī tadhkirah takūn naṣba ʻaynayhi wa-mutanāwal yadihi li-yalḥaẓa minhā ʻaẓīm mā-rāmūhu bi-himamihim wa-ʻalá mā-samaw ilayhi bi-nufūsihim wa-anā mubtadiʼ dhālika bi-ʻawn Allāh fa-adhkuru al-saʻādah al-mawḍūʻah li-al-insān mā-hiya wa-kayfa hiya wa-mā al-saʻādah allatī yashtarik fīhā al-nās min jinsihim nās wa-mā alladhī yaṣil ilayhi minhā al-mujtahidūn minhum bi-ḍurūb al-ijtihādāt wa-hal hiya mukhtalifah aw muttafiqah wa-hal baʻḍuhā taḥta baʻḍ ḥattá tartaqī ilá wāḥid huwa asnāhā martabah wa-in kānat murtaqiyah ilá wāḥid fa-mā huwa wa-hal warāʼahā saʻādah ukhrá ghayr muntaẓarah li-al-insān wa-lā maṭmūʻ lahu fīhā am tatanāhá al-saʻādāt kulluhā ilayhi ḥattá taqif ʻindahu wuqūf al-mutanāhī alladhī lā-ghāyah baʻdahu wa-hal hādhā al-ʻaẓīm alladhī rushshiḥa lahu al-insān maʻa sharafihi wa-ʻulūw qadrihi mawjūd bi-ghayr saʻy wa-ijtihād aw bi-ghayr ṣināʻah wa-iʻtiyād wa-min ghayr al-ṭarīq alladhī nahajahu al-ḥukamāʼ wa-ṭarraqū ilayhi wa-ḥarraḍū abnāʼ al-ḥikmah ʻalayhi wa-hal yumkin ikhtiṣār mā-aṭālūhu wa-aktharū ʻadad al-kutub fīhi wa-in lam yumkin dhālika fa-hal muddat al-ʻumr li-al-insān kāfiyah fī taḥṣīlihi bi-al-ṣināʻah wa-hal tatafāwat al-nās fī taḥṣīl mā-yuḥaṣṣilūnahu minhu wa-hal yaqrub ʻalá baʻḍihim wa-yabʻud ʻalá baʻḍ wa-in kānū mutafāwitīn fīhi fa-mā miqdār al-zamān alladhī yufraḍ li-adhkāhum nafsan idhā baʻḍ shughlihi ghalabahu wa-ṣarafa hammahu ilayhi wa-mā ṣifat hādhā al-rajul al-dhakī fī al-muddah al-mafrūḍah wa-mā ʻadad al-kutub allatī lā budda minhā wa-al-ṣināʻah allatī lā-ghiná bihi ʻanhā wa-mā aqṣad al-ṭuruq ilá ghāyatihi allatī yablugh bi-aqṣá naẓarihi fīhā wa-qabla an nashraʻ fī al-kalām ʻalá hādhihi al-saʻādah al-ʻaẓīmah nuwaṭṭiʼ lahā kalāman ka-al-muqaddimah wa-hādhāni mutashabbihah bi-al-ṭabīʻah wa-hādhā raʼy ṣaḥīḥ bi-al-qiyās wa-yaslam min al-taṣaffuḥ wa-huwa bayyin bi-taʼammul al-ālāt al-ṣināʻīyah kullihā fa-inna kull wāḥidah minhā maʼkhūdhah min naẓīrah lahā ṭabīʻīyah wa-laysa yajūz an tūjad ālah ṣināʻīyah lā-gharaḍa wa-lā thamarah lahā wa-maʻa dhālika fa-laysa yajūz an taqūm ālah maqām ālah ḥattá tuʼaddī gharaḍahā wa-kamālahā ʻalá al-tamām wa-bi-al-ḥaqīqah wa-dhālika anna al-minshār wa-in ustuʻīna bihi fī baʻḍ mā-yuʻmal bi-al-qadūm fa-laysa yajūz an yuʼaddī jamīʻ afʻāl al-qadūm ʻalá al-tamām wa-ʻalá hādhā jamīʻ al-ālāt li-kull wāḥidah minhā kamālan yakhuṣṣuhā wa-gharaḍan yatimm bihā wa-innamā tūṣaf bi-al-jūdah wa-tumdaḥ ʻalá al-ḥaqīqah idhā wujidat ʻalá kamālihā wa-idhā ṣadara ʻanhā dhālika al-gharaḍ alladhī hiya mawjūdah lahu wa-maʻmūlah min ajlihi wa-idhā kānat al-ṣināʻah allatī hiya mutaqaddimah bi-al-ṭabīʻah ʻalá hādhihi al-ṣifah fa-bi-al-ḥará an takūn al-ṭabīʻah allatī hiya al-raʼīsah wa-al-qudrah ayḍan ʻalá hādhihi al-ṣifah wa-wājib allā naʻmal shayʼan bāṭilan wa-allā nakūn lahā ālah lā-gharaḍa lahā wa-lā kamālan yakhuṣṣuhā aw yaqūm shayʼ minhā maqām ākhar wa-yuʼaddī fiʻlahu ʻalá al-tamām fa-inna al-awwal ḥīnaʼidhin yaṣīr laghwan wa-ʻabathan wa-hādhihi al-ḥikmah min al-ṭabīʻah tuʻtabar baʻḍuhā bayānan jalīyan li-man taʼammala aʻḍāʼ al-badan wa-dhālika anna jamīʻ ajzāʼ al-badan ālātuhu al-ṭabīʻīyah yafʻal bi-kull wāḥid minhā fiʻlan khāṣṣan lā-yatimm bi-ghayrihi wa-lā yakill bi-siwāhu ka-al-qalb alladhī huwa mabdaʼ al-ḥarakah yafʻal bihi al-ḥarārah allatī hiya sabab al-ḥayāh thumma yanshaʼ minhā ʻurūqan nābiḍah yajrī fīhā qūwat al-qalb ilá sāʼir al-aʻḍāʼ fa-tatimm bihā ḥayāt jamīʻ al-badan wa-ka-dhālika al-dimāgh fa-inna al-aʻṣāb al-nāshiʼah minhu tajrī majrá al-sharāyīn min al-qalb fī annahā tathbut fī al-dimāgh ilá ākhir al-badan fa-yatimm bihā al-ḥiss wa-al-ḥarakah al-irādīyah wa-ʻalá hādhā jamīʻ ajzāʼ al-badan wa-bāqī al-aʻḍāʼ ka-al-maʻidah wa-al-ṭiḥāl wa-al-marārah wa-al-amʻāʼ wa-ka-dhālika sāʼir al-ālāt al-ẓāhirah ʻalá kathratihā fa-laysa fīhā shayʼ yuẓann annahu mustaghná ʻanhu aw wujūduhu li-ghayr tamām yakhuṣṣuhu wa-man naẓara fī Kitāb Manāfiʻ al-Aʻḍāʼ iṭṭalaʻa ʻalá ḥikmah ʻaẓīmah wa-tabayyana shayʼan kathīran mimmā awmaʼtu ilayhi fī hādhā al-mawḍiʻ wa-idhā kānat al-ṭabīʻah fī hādhihi al-ḥālah wa-hiya mutaqaddimah fa-al-nafs mutashabbihah bihā fa-ḥukm bi-al-ḥará an takūn al-nafs awlá bi-hādhihi al-manzilah wa-aḥaqq bi-hādhihi al-ḥikmah wa-dhālika anna al-ḥayawānāt al-mukhtalifah al-anwāʻ tastaʻmiluhā al-nafs bi-manzilat al-ālāt wa-tuʻidd kull wāḥid minhā bi-shayʼ khāṣṣ bihi yaṣdur ʻanhu fiʻl lā-yaṣdur ʻanhu fiʻl lā yaṣdur ʻan ghayrihi fa-kamā lā-yaṣdur ʻan al-qadūm fiʻl al-minshār ʻalá mā-ḍarabnā bihi al-mathal fīmā taqaddama wa-idhā qaddamnā mā aradnā taqdīmahu fī al-tawṭiʼah fa-innā naʻūd fa-naqūl :

Idhā tabayyana anna li-kull mawjūd kamālan yakhuṣṣuhu wa-ghāyah wujida lahā wa-min ajlihā fa-wājib fī al-insān alladhī huwa ashraf al-mawjūdāt fī hādhā al-ʻālam al-kawnī an yakūn awlá bi-hādhihi al-ṣanʻah wa-an yakūn lahu kamāl wa-tamām wa-gharaḍ wujida lahu wa-min ajlihi wa-lammā naẓara al-ḥukamāʼ fī ghāyat al-insān wa-kamālihi alladhī wujida min ajlihi wajadū lahu kamālayn aḥaduhumā qarīb wa-al-ākhar baʻīd wa-mithāluhu fī al-ālāt al-ṣināʻīyah al-miṭraqah fa-inna kamālahā al-qarīb an tabsuṭ al-ajsām al-ṣalbah wa-kamālahā al-baʻīd an yatimm bihā al-khātam fa-ayḍan fa-inna mithāluhu fī al-ālāt al-ṭabīʻīyah al-maʻidah fa-inna kamālahā al-qarīb an taḥwī al-ṭaʻām wa-taṭbukhahu wa-tuʻidduhu li-al-ightidhāʼ wa-kamālahā al-baʻīd an tarudd ʻalá al-badan al-ʻiwaḍ mimmā taḥallala minhu li-yatimm lahu al-baqāʼ, fa-ka-dhālika al-insān ammā kamāluhu al-qarīb fa-ṣudūr al-afʻāl ʻanhu ʻan rawīyah wa-tamyīz wa-an yurattibahā bi-ḥasab mā-yūjibuhu al-ʻaql wa-ammā kamāluhu al-baʻīd fa-sa-taẓhar fīhi mimmā nastaʼnif sharḥahu illā anna al-ḥukamāʼ lammā naẓarū fī al-rawīyah wa-al-tamyīz wajadūhumā yaṣdurān ʻá qūwah aʻlá minhumā wa-lam yazālū yatatabbaʻūn shayʼan baʻda shayʼ ilá an intahaw ilá ghāyah laysa baʻdahā ghāyah wa-maʻlūm annahu law-kāna li-kull ghāyah ghāyah li-dhālika ilá ghayr nihāyah wa-mā lā-nihāyah lahu muḥāl wujūduhu fa-lammā intahaw ilá ghāyat al-ghāyāt wa-tayaqqanū allā madhhab warāʼahu waqafū hunāka wa-amsakū ʻan al-baḥth wa-ʻalimū anna al-ghāyāt allatī dūnahā innamā hiya murattabah dūnahā ka-al-daraj wa-al-marāqī wa-lammā naẓarū fī ghāyat al-insān wa-kamālihi al-aqrab wajadū al-nās mukhtalifīn wa-raʼawhum maʻa ikhtilāfihim lā-yashukkūn fī anna lahum ghāyah wa-innamā ikhtilāfuhum fī ayy al-ghāyāt hiya wa-kull wāḥid minhum qad naṣaba ghāyah li-nafsah yaqṣiduhā bi-saʻyihi wa-yusammīhā saʻādah lahu lākin yasʻá li-al-ladhdhah aw li-al-tharwah aw li-al-ṣiḥḥah aw li-al-ghalabah aw li-al-ʻilm wa-innamā utū fī hādhā al-ikhtilāf min qabl annahum lam yalḥaẓū al-kamāl al-baʻīd aʻnī al-saʻādah al-quṣwá wa-law ʻarafūhā wa-naṣabūhā gharaḍan la-saʻaw bi-al-bāqiyāt naḥwahā kamā yafʻal al-ṣāniʻ fa-innahu idhā ʻarafa kamāl al-miṭraqah al-aqṣá aʻnī ṣināʻat al-tāj aw al-khātam aw al-siwār qaṣada bi-al-ṭarīq wa-basaṭa al-jism al-ṣalb naḥwa dhālika wa-min hādhihi al-ashyāʼ allatī ʻadadnāhā mā-yajūz an yusammá saʻādah ʻalá al-majāz wa-mithluhā mā-huwa saʻādah ʻalá al-ḥaqīqah wa-minhā mā-huwa maẓnūn saʻādah wa-laysa bi-saʻādah al-battah wa-dhālika anna mā kāna minhā ʻāmman li-al-insān wa-al-bahāʼim fa-laysat saʻādah lanā li-annahā laysat ghāyatanā wa-kamālanā min ḥaythu naḥnu nās fa-ammā mā kāna minhā khāṣṣan bi-al-insān min ḥaythu huwa insān fa-yajūz an yusammá saʻādah illā anna hādhā al-maʻná huwa ʻāmm li-jamīʻ al-nās wa-fī hādhihi al-saʻādāt al-khāṣṣah bi-al-insān mā-huwa ʻāmm li-al-nās kamā qulnā fa-hum mushtarikūn fīhi wa-minhā mā-huwa khāṣṣ bi-insān insān wa-minhā mā-huwa khāṣṣ al-khāṣṣ wa-huwa alladhī ilayhi tartaqī al-saʻādāt wa-ʻindahu taqif jamīʻuhā fa-innahā wujidat al-saʻādāt kulluhā min ajlihā wa-bi-sababihā wa-hiya al-gharaḍ al-akhīr wa-al-kamāl al-aqṣá wa-anā ubayyin hādhihi al-aqsām bi-mashīʼat Allāh wa-ʻawnihi. Ammā al-amr al-ʻāmm li-jamīʻ al-nās wa-li-jamīʻ al-ḥayawān fa-huwa al-maʼkal wa-al-mashrab wa-ḍurūb al-rāḥāt aʻnī naqṣ al-badan min al-fuḍūl wa-mā ashbahahā wa-hādhā huwa alladhī tusammīhi al-nās bi-al-ladhīdh wa-aktharuhum yusammī naḥwa dhālika ghāyatahu wa-ilá an nubayyin bayānan tāmman anna hādhā laysa saʻādah wa-lā huwa kamāl al-insān wa-ghāyatuhu alladhī khuliqa lahu wa-li-ajlihi wa-min ajlihi fa-aqūl fīhi kalāman muqniʻan ẓāhiran wa-huwa-anna al-bahāʼim tanāl min hādhihi al-ashyāʼ mithl mā-yanāl al-insān bal shahawātuhā fī al-maṭāʻim wa-al-mashārib wa-al-izdiwāj akthar wa-adwam min shahawāt al-insān fīhā wa-hiya aqwá ʻalayhā thumma juhhāl al-nās alladhīn hum akthar bahīmīyah aqwá fī hādhihi al-asbāb min fuḍalāʼihim fa-ẓāhir anna hādhihi laysat ghāyat al-insān al-aqṣá wa-lā kamāluhu min ḥaythu huwa insān . Wa-ammā al-saʻādah al-ʻāmmah li-al-insān min ḥaythu hum nās fa-hiya mā-dhakarnāhu qabl min ṣudūr al-afʻāl bi-ḥasab al-rawīyah wa-al-tamyīz wa-ʻalá mā-yuqsiṭuhu al-ʻaql wa-hādhā al-maʻná saʻādah mawjūdah li-kull insān wa-yumkin kull aḥad an yanāl minhā wa-yaḥẓá bihā bi-qadr rutbatihi min al-insānīyah wa-miqdār shuʻūrihi bi-al-ḥusn wa-al-qabīḥ wa-taḥṣīlihi li-manāzil al-faḍāʼil wa-al-razāʼil wa-marātib al-ḥamd wa-al-dhamm wa-huwa alladhī yuqāl fīhi fulān « akthar insānīyah min fulān » wa-li-kull ummah wa-jīl qisṭ minhu yashtarikūn fīhi fa-in tafāḍalū fīmā yastaʻmilūn minhu wa-man saqaṭa ʻan hādhihi al-rutbah dafʻah fa-lam yakun lahu ḥaẓẓ minhā fa-laysa yanbaghī an yusammá insānan illā kamā yusammá al-muṣawwar insānan ʻalá ṭarīq al-tashbīh li-ajl al-takhāṭīṭ ḥasb wa-hādhā al-maʻná mawhūb li-al-nās ʻāmmah bi-al-fiṭrah wa-al-jiblah al-ūlá wa-yatafāḍalūn bi-ḥasab istiʻmālihim iyyāhu . Wa-ammā al-saʻādah al-khāṣṣah bi-ḥasab insān insān fa-hiya allatī yakhtaṣṣ bihā ṣāḥib ʻilm aw ṣināʻah fāḍilah wa-yatafāwatūn fīhā ʻalá qadr marātibihim fī al-ʻulūm wa-al-ṣināʻāt wa-bi-ḥasab al-aḥwāl allatī yaṣdurūn fīhā afʻālahum ʻalá mā yūjibuhu al-raʼy wa-al-tamyīz fa-inna saʻādat al-mūsir wa-saʻādat al-faqīr wa-in ikhtalafā bi-ḥasab al-aḥwāl fa-humā muttafiqān fī tartīb al-afʻāl wa-dhālika anna saʻādat al-mūsir taẓhar fī al-nafaqah wa-tafrīq al-māl fī wajhihi aʻnī an yastaʻmil dhālika ḥaythu yajib wa-kamā yajib wa-ʻinda man yajib wa-saʻādat al-faqīr taẓhar fī al-ṣabr wa-al-taḥammul ʻalá mā yanbaghī wa-ʻalá al-ḥāl allatī yanbaghī wa-ʻinda man yanbaghī wa-ka-dhālika saʻādāt aṣḥāb al-ʻulūm wa-al-ṣināʻāt fa-inna saʻādat al-ṭabīb al-māhir laysat ka-saʻādat al-kātib al-ḥādhiq wa-saʻādat al-ʻālim bi-funūn kathīrah laysat ka-saʻādat al-ʻālim bi-fann wāḥid aʻnī annahum wa-in rattabū afʻālahum fa-innahā mukhtalifah bi-ḥasab mawḍūʻātihim allatī yanẓurūn fīhā . Thumma inna li-kull wāḥid min hāʼulāʼ afʻālan takhuṣṣuhu min ḥaythu huwa ṣāḥib ʻilm mā aw ṣināʻah mā wa-afʻālan takhuṣṣuhu min ḥaythu huwa insān wa-laysa yaḥṣul lahu al-saʻādah al-khāṣṣah bihi illā baʻda an taḥṣul lahu al-saʻādah al-ʻāmmah lahu wa-li-ghayrihi wa-mithāl dhālika anna al-ṭabīb in faʻala fiʻlan jamīlan bi-mā huwa ṭabīb wa-atá ghayr dhālika bi-mā huwa insān fa-inna dhālika al-jazāʼ alladhī ḥaṣṣalahu bi-ṣināʻatihi tabṭul li-mā atāhu min jihat insānīyatihi wa-in lam tabṭul bi-al-kullīyah fa-laysa yabqá minhā illā juzʼ yasīr bi-ḥasab al-muqāyasah wa-dhālika an tuqās insānīyatuhu ilá ṭibbihi fa-yakūn saʻādatuhu ḥasb mā tabghīhi lahu hādhihi al-tasmiyah wa-ʻalá hādhā qiyās sāʼir al-saʻādāt bi-ḥasab ʻilm ʻilm wa-ṣināʻah ṣināʻah

Wa-ammā aṣnāf al-shaqāʼ al-muqābilah li-hādhihi al-saʻādāt fa-qad taraknā dhikrahā li-annahā tuʻraf min muqābilātihā kamā tabayyana fī al-manṭiq anna al-mutaqābilāt ʻilmahā maʻan fī ḥāl wāḥidah fa-yanbaghī an yusāq kull insān bi-ḥasab ṭabaqatihi wa-martabatihi ilá saʻādatihi allatī takhuṣṣuhu ʻalá asmá mā yakūn wa-afḍal mā-yumkin wa-yablughuhu al-wusʻ wa-hādhā mawḍiʻ khāṣṣ bi-aṣḥāb al-siyāsāt al-ilāhīyah wa-al-nāʼibīn ʻanhum wa-huwa mawjūd fī al-sharāʼiʻ wa-qad akthara al-ḥukamāʼ fīhi al-kutub ayḍan fa-li-tuʼkhadh min hunāka li-anna fīmā awmaʼnā ilayhi fī hādhā al-makān kifāyah . Wa-law lā anna al-saʻādāt kathīrah wa-ʻalá ḍurūb la-kāna al-saʻīd fī al-ḥaqīqah wāḥidan min al-nās wa-huwa man ḥaṣṣala jamīʻ ajzāʼ al-falsafah wa-fahima bi-jamīʻ al-ṣanāʼiʻ wa-tawaffara ḥaẓẓuhu min al-ḥikmah kullihā wa-law-kāna dhālika ka-dhālika la-kāna wujūd sāʼir al-nās ʻabathan lā ghāyah lahum wa-lā kamāl wa-la-ḥaṣalū ashqiyāʼ wa-la-kāna ḥīnaʼidhin yazūl al-ḥamd wa-al-dhamm wa-yabṭul al-duʻāʼ wa-al-zajr wa-yaqbuḥ al-taʼdīb wa-al-siyāsah wa-hādhā khilāf mā dhakaratʹhu al-ʻulamāʼ wa-qarraratʹhu wa-shahidat bihi al-ʻuqūl wa-aḥkamatʹhu fa-qad tabayyana anna saʻādāt al-nās kathīrah mukhtalifah al-wujūd bi-al-mawḍūʻāt al-kathīrah lahum fa-ammā al-saʻādah al-quṣwá fa-sa-nadhkuruhā baʻda an nubayyin anna hādhihi al-saʻādāt laysa shayʼ minhā huwa al-kamāl wa-lā al-ghāyah wa-dhālika annahā nawʻān fa-nawʻ minhā mawḍūʻ ʻaraḍan wa-nawʻ minhā mawḍūʻ ʻumqan wa-naḍrib li-dhālika mithālan fī al-ṣināʻāt fa-innahā aẓhar wa-aḥlá . Ammā al-mawḍūʻ ʻaraḍan fa-hiya allatī yuẓann annahā laysat murattabah baʻḍuhā taḥta baʻḍ ka-al-tijārah wa-al-nijārah wa-al-ṣibāghah wa-al-ḥiyākah wa-ashbāhuhā fa-inna hādhihi ka-annahā mawḍūʻah fī basīṭ wa-al-akhdh ilayhā min mabādi mukhtalifah wa-tantahī fīhā ilá ghāyāt mutabāyinah wa-ammā al-mawḍūʻah ʻumqan fa-hiya al-murattabah baʻḍuhā taḥta baʻḍ mithl ṣināʻat al-surūj fa-innahā murattabah taḥta ṣināʻat al-furūsah wa-ṣināʻat al-furūsah murattabah taḥta ṣināʻat al-ḥarb wa-ṣināʻat al-ḥarb murattabah taḥta ṣināʻat al-mulk wa-ṣināʻat al-mulk murattabah taḥta ṣināʻat al-sharʻ aʻnī annahu yaḥfaẓ ʻalá al-nās al-sunan allatī yantaʻim amruhum wa-yasūquhum naḥwa saʻādatihim kamā qulnāhu fīmā taqaddama fa-baʻḍ hādhihi raʼīsah wa-baʻḍuhā marʼūsah min baʻḍ. Wa-naʻūd ilá al-mawḍiʻ alladhī fāraqnāhu fa-naqūl: inna al-ḥukamāʼ lammā raʼaw ikhtilāf al-nās fī ghāyātihim fa-baʻḍuhum yará anna ghāyatahu al-ladhdhah fa-yasʻá naḥwahā bi-jamīʻ afʻālihi wa-baʻḍuhum yará anna ghāyatahu al-yasār wa-al-tharwah wa-ākharūn yarawnahā al-ṣiḥḥah wa-al-salāmah wa-ākharūn yarawnahā ashyāʼ ukhar shabīhah bi-hādhihi naẓarū fīhā fa-idhan al-mawḍūʻ minhā ʻaraḍan yakhtalif aṣḥābuhā fīhā wa-dhālika anna man qāla minhum bi-al-ladhdhah aw al-tharwah aw al-karāmah idhā iktafá wa-intahá min ghāyatihi tilka intaqala ʻan raʼyihi fa-innahu idhā shabiʻa ṣāḥib al-ladhdhah min ladhdhatihi thumma kullifa baʻda dhālika al-izdiyād mimmā zaʻamahu saʻādah ṣāra dhālika shaqāʼ ʻaẓīman wa-wabālan kathīran ʻalayhi wa-sammá al-saʻādah shaqāʼ ayḍan fa-inna ṣāḥib al-tarafuh idhā mariḍa raʼá anna al-saʻādah hiya al-ṣiḥḥah wa-ṣāḥib al-ṣiḥḥah idhā aṣābahu dhull raʼá anna al-saʻādah hiya al-karāmah wa-maʻlūm anna al-karāmah hiya shayʼ thābit lā-yaṣīr wa-lā-yantaqil ṣāḥibuhā fa-yakūn shaqīyan alladhī bihi ṣāra saʻīdan wa-hādhihi al-umūr ayḍan rubbamā ṣārat sabab halāk aṣḥābihā ʻājilan wa-ājilan ka-man yahlik li-kathrat mālihi wa-fī ṭalab al-karāmah wa-al-sulṭān wa-al-istihtār bi-al-ladhdhah wa-ammā al-mawḍūʻah ʻumqan fa-maʻlūm anna al-aʻlá minhā afḍal min al-asfal khādim li-mā huwa aʻlá li-annahu innamā urīda lahu wa-sababihi ka-al-māl alladhī huwa ālah li-nayl al-ḥājāt innamā yurād li-ṣiḥḥat al-badan wa-ṣiḥḥat al-badan innamā turād li-tablugh bihā al-saʻādah al-akhīrah aw al-saʻādāt allatī dūnahā wa-qad baṭalat al-ṣiḥḥah li-dhātihā fa-Arisṭ rattaba ajnās al-saʻādāt fa-saʻādah fī al-nafs wa-saʻādah fī al-badan wa-saʻādah fī khārij al-badan wa-fīmā yuṭīf bi-al-badan ammā allatī fī al-nafs fa-hiya al-ʻulūm wa-al-maʻārif wa-al-ḥikmah wa-hiya afḍaluhā li-annahā turād li-dhātihā lā li-shayʼ ākhar wa-ammā allatī fī al-badan fa-mithl al-jamāl wa-iʻtidāl al-ṣiḥḥah wa-ṣiḥḥat al-mizāj wa-hādhihi turād li-nafsihā wa-qad turād li-ghayrihā aʻnī li-an tatimm bihā afʻāl al-nufūs wa-faḍāʼilihā wa-ammā allatī min khārij al-badan fa-mithl al-awlād al-nujabāʼ wa-al-aṣdiqāʼ wa-al-yasār wa-sharaf al-nafs wa-al-karāmāt wa-qad bayyana fī Kitāb al-Akhlāq wa-allatī fī khārij al-badan nāqiṣah wa-ammā allatī fī al-nafs fa-hiya kāmilah tāmmah

Wa-qad yajūz an yattafiq li-al-insān al-saʻādāt allātī min khārij al-badan wa-fī al-badan bi-al-baḥth wa-laysa yajūz an yattafiq lahu al-saʻādah al-ukhrá al-tāmmah illā bi-al-saʻy wa-al-ijtihād wa-dhālika anna turattab hādhihi al-saʻādāt wa-tafṣīlahā ʻalá mā yanbaghī wa-taḥṣīlahā baʻda dhālika laysa yumkin illā baʻda naẓar ṭawīl wa-tamyīz kathīr wa-iʻtiyād dāʼim fa-ammā al-saʻādah al-quṣwá fa-laysa yanāluhā kull wāḥid wa-lā yaẓfar bihā kull man ṭalabahā wa-dhālika anna istiʻmāl hādhihi al-saʻādāt wa-al-naẓar fīmā kāna minhā khādiman li-yatawaṣṣal bihā ilá mā huwa raʼīs ʻalayhā wa-al-taraqqī fīhā darajah darajah ilá an yablugh aʻlāhā laysa yaḥṣul illā li-al-afrād min al-nās al-aqallīn ʻadadan wa-idhā ittafaqa li-al-wāḥid baʻda al-wāḥid maʻa ḥirṣihi wa-ijtihādihi wa-ṣiḥḥat tamyīzihi wa-dhakāʼihi an yakūn fī kifāyah min maʻīshatihi wa-an yakūn lahu farāgh wa-asbāb kathīrah lā takād tajtamiʻ illā fī al-nādir wa-man waṣala ilá hādhihi al-manzilah mimman taqaddama fa-qad dalla ʻalayhā wa-arshada abnāʼ al-ḥikmah wa-ṭullābahā ilayhā wa-lam yazal man ẓafira minhā ziyādah ʻalá mā dhakarahu min taqaddamahu dalla ayḍan ʻalá miqdār mā wajadahu min al-ziyādah ilá an ijtamaʻa minhu shayʼ ʻaẓīm li-khaṭar kabīr wa-Arisṭ huwa awwal man naṣaba al-ghāyah al-akhīrah ka-al-gharaḍ al-aqṣá wa-nahaja ilayhā nahjan wāḍiḥan wa-jaʻala al-wuṣūl ilayhā ṣināʻah tutaʻallam wa-tustafād awwalan awwalan

Wa-sa-nadhkur hādhihi al-ṣināʻah wa-kayfa yurabbīhā wa-annahu lā-sabīl ilá taḥṣīl al-saʻādah al-quṣwá min wajh akhṣar idhā tammamnā hādhā al-faṣl in shāʼa Allāh . Wa-lammā kānat al-saʻādāt al-insānīyah innamā takmul bi-ḥasab al-tamyīz wa-kānat al-ashyāʼ allatī tumayyaz bi-al-dhihn mukhtalifah kamā bayyannā fīmā salafa wajaba an yakūn asʻad al-nās man waṣala ilá aʻlāhā aw laḥaẓa ghāyatahā allatī lā-ghāyah warāʼahā yaqṣiduhā bi-kull jihah wa-laysa yumkin al-wuṣūl ilá ghāyat al-ghāyāt qabla al-murūr bi-al-marātib allatī dūnahā kamā ḍarabnā al-mathal fīmā taqaddama wa-li-dhālika inna afḍal al-rawīyah mā addá ilá afḍal marwī fīhi wa-afḍal marwī fīhi mā-lā-yaḥtāj baʻda ilá rawīyah ukhrá fī marwī ākhar wa-lā-yajʻal fī waqt min al-awqāt ṭarīqan ilá ghayrihi bal yurād li-dhātihi lā li-ghayrihi abadan wa-bi-intihāʼ al-rawīyah wa-wuqūfihā al-tamyīz yaḥṣul al-saʻādah al-quṣwá wa-min ʻalāmat man waṣala ilá hādhihi al-manzilah an yūjad abadan nashīṭan fasīḥan al-amal qawī al-rajāʼ thābit al-jaʼsh ghayr muḍṭarib wa-lā muktarith bi-umūr al-dunyā illā bi-miqdār yasīr jiddan idhā aḍaftahu ilá aḥwāl sāʼir al-nās wa-huwa yunāsibuhum wa-yuʻādīhim fī al-ẓāhir fa-ammā bāṭinuhu fa-bāyin lahum thumma huwa jadhil masrūr bi-nafsihi lā bi-ghayrihā wa-hādhihi al-ḥāl lāzimah lahu lā-tataghayyar li-anna surūr al-nās yūjad lahum ʻalá al-akthar innamā huwa bi-al-ʻaraḍ wa-min khārij wa-matá zāla al-masrūr bihi aw taghayyara ṣāra dhālika kaʼābah wa-ḥuznan ka-man surra bi-al-māl aw bi-al-maʻshūq aw al-wuṣūl ilá al-ladhdhah min ladhdhāt al-ʻaysh aw al-mughtabiṭ bi-al-walad aw al-sulṭān wa-mā ashbaha dhālika wa-inna hādhihi kullahā min khārij al-badan muʻarraḍah li-al-āfāt muntaqilah bi-intiqāl al-aḥwāl allatī hiya lā-maḥālah mutaghayyirah idh hiya min ʻālam al-kawn wa-al-fasād jāriyah ʻalayhā aḥkāmuhu min al-istiḥālah, wa-al-saʻīd alladhī waṣafnāhu wa-dhakarnā ḥālahu mughtabiṭ bi-dhātihi li-annahu yushāhid umūran lā-tataghayyar wa-lā-tastaḥīl abadan wa-lā yajūz ʻalayhā ayḍan dhālika wa-yará jamīʻ mā-yarāhu bi-ʻayn lā-yaghlaṭ wa-lā-yukhṭiʼ wa-lā-yaqbal al-fasād wa-tayaqqana annahu ṣāʼir min wāḥid wujūdihi ilá al-dukhūl al-ākhar al-akmal fa-huwa ka-man salaka ṭarīqan ilá waṭan yaʻrifuhu wa-yaʼlafuhu bi-rūḥihi wa-kullamā qaṭaʻa ilayhi manzilan aw dakhala fī darajah taqrub minhu izdāda nashāṭan wa-ṭumaʼnīnah wa-jadhalan wa-hādhihi al-ḥāl min al-thiqah wa-al-yaqīn lā-taḥṣul bi-al-khabar dūn al-muʻāyanah wa-lā-tatimm bi-al-ḥikāyah dūn al-mushāhadah wa-lā-taskun al-nafs ilayhā illā baʻda al-naẓar ʻalá al-ḥaqīqah wa-al-wāṣilūn ilayhā ʻalá ṭabaqāt wa-amthāl dhālika al-nāẓir bi-ʻayn al-raʼs fa-inna hādhihi al-ʻayn yatafāwat al-nās fī al-naẓar bihā fa-minhum man yará al-ashyāʼ al-baʻīdah ruʼyah bayyinah wa-minhum man lā-yarāhā min al-qurb ayḍan illā kamā yará al-shayʼ min warāʼ sitr illā anna al-farq bayna tilka al-ḥāl wa-hādhihi al-ḥāl anna al-ʻayn al-ḥissīyah kullamā amʻanat fī al-naẓar wa-adāmat al-taḥdīq ilá maḥsūsātihā kallat wa-ḍaʻufat wa-tilka al-ʻayn al-ukhrá hiya bi-al-ḍidd li-annahā taqwá bi-al-imʻān fī al-naẓar wa-tazdād bi-al-idmān jalāʼ wa-surʻat idrāk wa-lā-tazāl tazdād baṣīrah wa-nafādhan ḥattá yudrik mā kānat taẓunnuhu ghayr mudrak wa-lā-maʻqūl . Wa-naʻūd ilá sanan al-kalām al-awwal fa-naqūl inna al-saʻādāt al-insānīyah al-ʻāmmah allatī dhakarnāhā fīmā taqaddama hiya mawhūbah lanā wa-naḥnu mafṭūrūn ʻalayhā wa-hiya al-qūwah allatī bihā numayyiz al-afʻāl al-jamīlah min al-qabīḥah wa-bihā yatamakkan kull wāḥid min taḥṣīl khulq li-nafsihi jamīl idhā lam yakun mawjūdan lahu fa-idhā kānat ʻalá khulq qabīḥ amkanahu bihā an yantaqil ʻanhu bi-irādatihi ilá ḍiddihi thumma yalzamuhu al-iʻtiyād wa-takrīr al-afʻāl al-mulāʼimah lahu ḥattá yaṣīr dhālika sajīyah wa-hādhihi awwal darajah yanbaghī an tulḥaẓ wa-yusʻá lahā wa-yujtahad fī taḥṣīlihā kamā bayyannāhu fīmā taqaddama min anna al-insān yaṣīr bi-hādhihi akthar insānīyah wa-idhā taṣaffaḥnā akthar al-nās wajadnāhā ʻalá ḍarbayn fa-ḍarb lā-yalḥaquhum ʻalayhā ḥamd wa-lā-dhamm wa-ḍarb yalḥaquhum ʻalayhā dhamm wa-ḥamd wa-naḥnu lā-nasʻá fīmā lā-yalḥaq ʻalayhi ḥamd wa-lā-dhamm wa-lā nusammīhi saʻādah fa-li-naḍrib ʻan hādhā al-ḍarb fa-ammā mā-yalḥaq ʻalayhi ḥamd wa-dhamm fa-naḥnu najtahid fī taḥṣīl al-maḥmūd wa-nusammīhi saʻādah . Wa-hādhihi al-aḥwāl tanqasim ilá thalāthat aqsām wa-hiya al-afʻāl wa-al-ʻawāriḍ wa-al-tamyīz bi-al-dhihn aʻnī bi-al-ʻawāriḍ ʻawāriḍ al-nafs ka-al-shahwah wa-al-ghaḍab wa-al-ladhdhah wa-al-faraḥ wa-al-raḥmah wa-ashbāh hādhihi fa-ammā al-afʻāl fa-innamā yuḥmad al-insān bihā idhā kānat jamīlah wa-yudhamm ʻalayhā idhā kānat qabīḥah wa-ammā al-ʻawāriḍ fa-innahā tuḥmad idhā ʻaraḍat ʻalá mā-yanbaghī wa-tudhamm idhā ʻaraḍat ʻalá mā-lā-yanbaghī wa-ammā al-tamyīz bi-al-dhihn fa-innahu yuḥmad matá kāna jayyidan wa-yudhamm matá kāna radīyan wa-radāʼat al-tamyīz takūn bi-aḥad shayʼayn ammā an yaḍʻuf ʻan tamyīz mā-yarid ʻalayhi wa-ammā an yaʻtaqid fī al-ashyāʼ iʻtiqādan bāṭilan . Wa-jūdat al-tamyīz ayḍan takūn bi-aḥad shayʼayn ammā an yaqwá ʻalá tamyīz mā-yarid ʻalayhā wa-yuḥaṣṣil ḥaqāʼiq al-umūr wa-yaʻtaqid fīhā iʻtiqādan ṣaḥīḥan fa-yajib ʻalá ḥasb hādhihi al-qabīḥah idhā ḥaraṣnā ʻalá al-saʻādah wa-al-taraqqī fīhā ilá ghāyatihā an natadabbar fī hādhihi al-darajah al-ūlá wa-an takūn afʻālunā jamīlah wa-ʻawāriḍunā ʻalá mā-yanbaghī wa-tamyīzunā jayyidan ṣaḥīḥan

Wa-qad ʻalimnā anna hādhihi al-aḥwāl al-thalāth qad tattafiq li-al-insān bi-al-baḥth min ghayr saʻy wa-ijtihād wa-qad yaḥṣul ʻalayhā bi-ghayr ikhtiyār minhu wa-lākinnahā lā-nusammīhā saʻādah tāmmah wa-lā taḥṣul al-saʻādah illā bi-an yakhtārahā al-insān wa-yuḥaṣṣilahā bi-saʻyihi wa-ayḍan qad yakhtārahā lākin fī baʻḍ al-ashyāʼ wa-fī baʻḍ al-zamān wa-lā tusammá ayḍan hādhihi saʻādah wa-lā taḥṣul al-saʻādah illā bi-an yakhtārahā li-dhātihā lā li-shayʼ ākhar wa-aʻnī bi-dhālika an yuʼthir al-afʻāl al-jamīlah li-annahā jamīlah lā an yudhkar bihā wa-an yantafiʻ wa-lā li-ghayr dhālika wa-ka-dhālika yuʼthir fī al-ʻawāriḍ an yaʻriḍ lahu kamā yanbaghī wa-fī al-tamyīz an yakūn jayyidan fī ṭūl ʻumrihi wa-innamā yumkin al-insān bi-hādhihi al-aḥwāl bi-hādhihi al-sharāʼiṭ idhā kāna bi-ḥāl thābitah immā lā-yumkin zawāluhā aw yaʻsur jiddan . Wa-hādhihi al-ḥāl ammā fī al-tamyīz fa-yusammá qūwat al-dhihn wa-ammā fī al-ʻawāriḍ fa-yusammá khulqan wa-ammā al-afʻāl fa-ṣudūruhā ʻan hātayn wa-qad bayyana dhālika wa-ṭarraqa ilayhi Arisṭ . Ammā jūdat al-dhihn wa-qūwat al-tamyīz fa-yuksibuhu fī al-manṭiq allatī hiya ṣināʻah idhā qadarat bihā al-insān ʻarafa marātib al-iqnāʻāt wa-taṣḥīḥ al-ārāʼ fī kull mawjūd ʻalá mā-yanbaghī wa-lā yumkin ghayruhu wa-sa-naṣifuhā min baʻd . Wa-ammā ʻawāriḍ al-nafs fa-yuksibuhu fī al-akhlāq allatī nubayyin fīhā kayfa yaksib al-insān al-khilāq al-jamīl fī kull mā-yaʻriḍ lahu ḥattá lā-yaʻriḍ illā al-ḥasan al-jamīl al-maḥmūd wa-yaṣīr dhālika hayʼah wa-sajīyah fī jamīʻ al-umūr wa-tabayyana hunāka anna hādhā amr mumkin wa-laysa huwa mumtaniʻan kamā ẓanna qawm wa-law-lā imkānuhu la-mā addabnā al-ṣibyān wa-al-aḥdāth wa-taḥṣīl hādhayn aʻnī qūwat al-dhihn li-yuṣaḥḥiḥ bihā al-tamyīz wa-al-hayʼah al-fāḍilah aʻnī al-sajīyah allatī taṣdur ʻanhā al-afʻāl kamā yanbaghī humā juzʼā al-ḥikmah wa-li-dhālika qasama al-ḥakīm al-falsafah ilá qismayn naẓarī wa-ʻamalī wa-laysa yughnī aḥaduhumā ʻan al-ākhar fī taḥṣīl al-saʻāʼah fa-man qawī fīhimā jamīʻan fa-hādhā al-saʻīd al-kāmil wa-al-ḥakīm al-fāḍil wa-man qawiya fī aḥadihimā wa-ḍaʻufa ʻan al-ākhar fa-yakūn dhālika ammā bi-an yaqwá juzʼ naẓarihi wa-yaḍʻuf ʻamaluhu wa-ammā bi-an yaqwá juzʼ ʻamalihi wa-yaḍʻuf juzʼ naẓarihi wa-sabab ḍaʻf ʻamalihi baʻda qūwat naẓarihi ḍaʻf al-ʻazīmah aʻnī annahu idhā kāna lahu bi-al-fiṭrah wa-al-tamyīz bi-al-dhihn fī ithbāt ladhdhah mā annahu yatbaʻuhu adhá min maraḍ aw madhammah min al-nās aw ʻāqibah sayyiʼah lam yartadiʻ ʻanhā wa-sabab ḍaʻf al-ʻazīmah qillat al-tadarrub bi-al-akhlāq allatī dhakarnā anna al-kutub al-muṣannafah fīhā tufīd al-insān malakah wa-hayʼah fāḍilah bi-takrīr al-afʻāl al-maḥmūdah wa-iʻtiyādihā ḥattá taṣīr sajīyah fa-ammā al-wajh al-ākhar alladhī yaqwá fīhi juzʼ al-ʻamal wa-yaḍʻuf fīhi juzʼ al-naẓar wa-annahu laysa yaʻriḍ illā ilá man yuṣghī ilá al-ḥukamāʼ wa-yuṣaddiq aqwālahum wa-yaqtadī bi-afʻālihim al-jamīlah taḥsīn al-ẓann wa-in lam yatayassar lahu ṣiḥḥat dhālika bi-al-naẓar wa-ḥīnaʼidhin yasʻá wa-lahu martabat al-ṣiddīq al-muʼmin wa-mithl hādhā al-insān yasʻad akthar mimmā yasʻad al-awwal wa-mithluhu mithl man yaqbal min al-ṭabīb mā-yaʼmuruhu bihi wa-yanhāhu ʻanhu fa-innahu yabraʼ min al-maraḍ wa-yaṣiḥḥ jismuhu wa-mithl al-awwal mithl al-ṭabīb al-ʻālim alladhī lā yastaʻmil mā-ʻalimahu fa-yaḥṣul lahu al-maraḍ wa-lā yanfaʻuhu al-ʻilm wa-man kāna bi-hādhihi al-manzilah summiya ʻabdan bi-al-ṭabʻ li-anna man lam yaqdir ʻalá qamʻ shahawātihi mimmā yūjibuhu al-tamyīz fa-huwa ʻabd bi-al-ṭabʻ wa-in kāna ḥurran bi-al-sharʻ wa-man kāna qawīyan ʻalá qamʻihā fa-huwa ḥurr bi-al-ṭabʻ wa-in kāna ʻabdan bi-al-sharʻ fa-ammā man kāna tābiʻan li-ladhdhatihi ghayr-ʻārif bi-mā-yatbaʻuhā min al-adhá fa-innahu lā-yantaẓir minhu fiʻl jamīl wa-lā yahūn ʻalayhi tark qabīḥ wa-yanbaghī an yūḍaʻ lahu ʻuqūbāt al-battah kamā huwa mawjūd fī al-sharāʼiʻ wa-man ḍaʻufa fī hādhayn al-wajhayn jamīʻan fa-huwa al-insān al-bahīmī alladhī ḥaẓẓuhu min al-insānīyah bi-ḥasab martabatihi fī al-ḍaʻf fīhimā fa-qad tabayyana anna al-ḥakīm al-saʻīd al-kāmil al-saʻādah fa-huwa man qawiya dhihnuhu wa-ṣaḥḥa tamyīzuhu fa-ḥaṣalat lahu ḥaqāʼiq al-umūr fī al-mawjūdāt kullihā wa-qawiyat ʻazīmatuhu fī infādh mā-ʻalimahu ʻamalan thumma dāmat ṭarīqatuhu fī hādhayn aʻnī al-ʻilm wa-al-ʻamal wa-tabayyana ayḍan mimmā taqaddama anna juzʼ al-naẓar muqaddam ʻalá juzʼ al-ʻamal idh kāna bi-jūdat al-tamyīz wa-qūwat al-tamyīz yudrik al-ṣawāb fī kull mā-yaqṣid maʻrifatahu wa-lammā kānat al-maʻārif ṣinfayn aḥaduhumā yuʻlam wa-lā-yuʻmal wa-al-ākhar yuʻlam thumma yuʻmal ṣārat al-ṣanāʼiʻ ayḍan ṣinfayn bi-ḥasabihimā wa-aʻnī bi-mā yuʻlam wa-lā-yuʻmal mithl al-ʻilm bi-an Allāh ʻazza-wa-jalla wāḥid wa-annahu azalī mubdiʻ li-al-ʻālam wa-ammā mā-yuʻlam wa-lā yuʻmal fa-mithl al-sīrah al-jamīlah fī al-muʻāmalāt wa-al-barāʻah fī al-ṣināʻāt wa-bi-al-jumlah al-afʻāl allatī takūn ʻan rawīyah wa-iʻtiyād wa-qad ṣannafa li-kull wāḥidah min al-ṣināʻatayn kutuban tuqayyiduhā wa-tusahhil iktisābahā wa-lammā kāna min hādhayn al-juzʼayn mā-huwa maqṣūd li-dhātihi wa-maṭlūb li-nafsihi wa-minhu mā-huwa nāfiʻ fīmā yuṭlab li-dhātihi inqasamat al-ṣināʻah ayḍan qismayn ākharayn wa-al-ṣināʻah allatī ghāyatuhā al-ʻilm faqaṭ fa-qaṣduhā idrāk al-ḥaqq wa-al-iʻtiqād al-ṣādiq wa-al-yaqīn lā-maḥālah fa-hādhā muʼthir li-dhātihi lā-li-ghayrihi wa-ka-dhālika al-ṣināʻah allatī ghāyatuhā al-ʻamal al-jamīl wa-al-khulq al-fāḍil wa-humā jamīʻan kamā qulnā juzʼ al-ḥikmah wa-summiya kull wāḥid minhā ḥikmah bi-al-ṣiḥḥah wa-ʻalá al-ḥaqīqah fa-ammā al-ṣināʻāt al-ukhar al-nāfiʻah fī hādhayn fa-qad yusammá ḥikmah wa-dhālika ʻalá al-majāz lā ʻalá al-ḥaqīqah wa-hiya mā-yaḥtāj fīhi ilá rawīyah wa-iʻtiyād li-taẓhar fīhā al-barāʻah wa-al-ḥukamāʼ yusammūn hādhā kaysan wa-lā-yuṭliqūn ʻalayhā ism al-ḥikmah wa-dhālika ka-al-ṣināʻāt allatī tuʼaddī ilá yasār wa-ladhdhah aw riyāsah fa-man arāda an takmul insānīyatuhu wa-yablugh ilá al-amr alladhī iyyāhu qaṣada bi-khalq al-insān li-yatimm dhātuhu wa-yushārik al-ḥukamāʼ fīmā ātharūhu wa-qaṣadūhu fa-li-yuḥaṣṣil hātayn al-ṣināʻatayn aʻnī juzʼay al-ḥikmah al-naẓarī wa-al-ʻamalī li-yuḥaṣṣil lahu ḥaqāʼiq al-umūr bi-al-juzʼ al-naẓarī wa-maḥāsin al-afʻāl bi-al-juzʼ al-ʻamalī fa-ammā tartīb hātayn al-ṣināʻatayn wa-kayfa al-sulūk bihā ilá al-ghāyatayn al-madhkūratayn fa-ʻalá mā ʻamalahu al-ḥakīm Arisṭ fa-annahu huwa alladhī rattaba al-ḥikmah wa-ṣannafahā wa-jaʻala lahā nahjan yaslak min mabdaʼ wa-ilá nihāyah kamā dhakarahu Būlus fīmā katabahu ilá Anūshirwān fa-innahu qāla:

Kānat al-ḥikmah qabla hādhā al-ḥakīm mutafarriqah ka-tafarruq sāʼir al-manāfiʻ allatī abdaʻahā Allāh taʻālá wa-jaʻala al-intifāʻ bihā mawkūlan ilá jiblat al-nās wa-mā aʻṭāhum min al-qūwah ʻalá dhālika mithl al-adwiyah allatī tūjad mutafarriqah fī al-bilād wa-al-jibāl fa-idhā jumiʻat wa-ullifat ḥaṣala minhā dawāʼ nāfiʻ wa-ka-dhālika jamaʻa Arisṭ mā tafarraqa min al-ḥikmah wa-allafa kull shayʼ ilá shaklihi wa-waḍaʻahu mawḍiʻahu ḥattá istakhraja minhu shifāʼ tāmman tudāwī al-nufūs min asqām al-jahālah wa-kāna min tartībihi dhālika an naẓara fī juzʼay al-ḥikmah aʻnī al-naẓarī wa-al-ʻamalī fa-wajada al-naẓarī fīhā ammā an yakūn fī al-ashyāʼ allatī fī mawādd wa-ammā fī al-ashyāʼ allatī laysat fī mawādd wa-kull wāḥid min hādhayn al-qismayn yanqasim ayḍan qismayn li-anna al-ashyāʼ allatī fī mawādd minhā mā-huwa taḥta al-kawn wa-al-fasād wa-minhā mā-laysa taḥta al-kawn wa-al-fasād wa-al-ashyāʼ allatī laysat fī mawādd minhā mā-huwa muntazaʻ fī al-mawādd wa-wujūduhu fī al-wahm wa-lā wujūd lahu min khārij wa-minhā mā-laysa bi-muntazaʻ min al-mawādd bal lahu wujūd fī dhātihi khārijan ʻan al-wahm fa-hādhihi al-arbaʻah hiya al-aqsām al-uwal allatī yanqasim ilayhā al-juzʼ al-naẓarī thumma inna al-umūr allatī fī al-mawādd minhā mā huwa mushtarak lahā kullihā wa-minhā mā huwa khāṣṣ bi-baʻḍihā minhā mā yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ al-sarmadīyah wa-minhā mā yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ al-kawnīyah, wa-mā yakhuṣṣ al-kawnīyah minhā mā huwa mushtarak lahā kullihā wa-minhā mā-yakhuṣṣ baʻḍuhā, wa-mā yakhuṣṣ baʻḍuhā minhā mā yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ allatī fawq al-arḍ wa-minhā mā yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ allatī fī al-arḍ, wa-mā yakhuṣṣ allatī fī al-arḍ minhā mā yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ allatī lā nufūs bihā wa-minhā mā yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ allatī lahā nufūs, wa-mā-yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ allatī lahā nufūs minhā mā-yakhuṣṣ dhawāt al-ḥiss wa-minhā lā-ḥiss lahu fa-ṣannafa Arisṭ fī kull qism min hādhihi al-aqsām hādhihi al-ashyāʼ kitāban fa-ishtamalat kutubuhu ʻalá jamīʻ mā saṭara fīhi ḥissan wa-ʻaqlan wa-lam yafutʹhu shayʼ wa-lammā kānat ʻināyatuhu maṣrūfah ilá taṣḥīḥ al-irādah fī hādhihi al-umūr kullihā wa-iʻṭāʼ al-yaqīn wa-al-iqnāʻāt al-kāfiyah fīhā wa-an yaslam min al-khaṭaʼ wa-al-ghalaṭ fī al-maʻqūlāt iḍṭurra ilá an yabḥath ʻan marātib al-iqnāʻāt wa-yanẓur fī al-ashyāʼ allatī lā-yumkin an yaghlaṭ fīhā wa-lā yaʼman an yaqaʻ fī bāṭil fa-yaẓunnuhu ḥaqqan wa-yaʻtaqid fī ḥaqq annahu bāṭil mā-hiya marātib hādhihi ayḍan wa-jaʻala lahā ṣināʻah wa-qawānīn yūqaf bihā ʻalá marātib hādhihi al-umūr wa-manāzilihā min al-yaqīn wa-ghayrihi li-yusaddid al-insān ṭarīq al-ṣawāb fī kull maṭlūb li-allā yajrī fī al-ḥikmah jary aṣḥāb al-madhāhib fī al-takhayyul wa-al-ahwāʼ fa-inna hāʼulāʼ ghaliṭū wa-hum lā yashʻurūn wa-rubbamā shaʻarū wa-intaqalū ʻan raʼy ilá raʼy wa-lā yaʼmanūn an yasnaḥ lahum fī al-raʼy al-thānī mā kāna sanaḥa fī al-awwal fa-hum abadan ammā ʻalá ghalaṭ wa-ammā fī shakk wa-ḥayrah fa-idhā ʻarafa al-insān al-ashyāʼ allatī min shaʼnihā an yaghlaṭ fīhā taḥarraza minhā wa-tayaqqana fīmā annahu qad ṣādafa fīhi al-ḥaqq wa-lam yaghlaṭ fa-in takhayyala lahu fī shayʼ annahu yasʹhū fīhi rajaʻa ilá qawānīn al-ṣināʻah fa-ʻalima li-al-waqt bi-mawḍiʻ ghalaṭ in kāna fa-talāfāhu bi-suhūlah

Wa-yumkinuhu maʻa dhālika an yuṣaḥḥiḥ dhālika al-raʼy li-nafsihi wa-li-ghayrihi fa-in baddalahu wa-tabayyanahu lahu wa-hādhihi ṣināʻat al-manṭiq wa-aqrab mithāl ajiduhu lahā fī al-ṣināʻāt al-ʻarūḍ wa-al-naḥw fa-inna kull wāḥid minhumā yunāsib al-manṭiq bi-wajh wa-dhālika anna hāhunā awzānan min al-shiʻr ghayr ṣaḥīḥah wa-rubbamā ghaliṭa fīhā wa-lam yakun ṣāḥib ṣināʻah fa-ẓannahā maksūrah wa-rubbamā ẓanna bi-al-maksūr minhā annahā ṣaḥīḥah wa-idhā rajaʻa ilá al-qānūn al-ṣināʻī ʻarafa mawḍiʻ al-shakk wa-qadara ʻalá mā yajib wa-tayaqqana mawḍiʻ al-ghalaṭ in kāna wa-aṣlaḥa mā-sahā fīhi

Wa-yunāsibuhu ayḍan ṣināʻat al-naḥw bi-wajh ākhar wa-dhālika anna nisbat ṣināʻat al-naḥw ilá al-alfāẓ ka-nisbat ṣināʻat al-manṭiq ilá al-maʻānī wa-kamā anna al-naḥw yusaddid al-lisān naḥwa ṣawāb al-qawl wa-yuʻṭī al-qawānīn allatī yuʻraf bihā al-iʻrāb fa-ka-dhālika al-manṭiq yusaddid al-dhihn naḥwa ṣawāb al-maʻānī wa-yuʻṭī al-qawānīn allatī tuʻraf bihā al-ḥaqāʼiq, wa-kamā anna al-naḥwī wa-in kāna gharaḍuhu iṣlāḥ al-alfāẓ fa-innahu yanẓur ayḍan fī al-maʻānī li-yuṣaḥḥiḥahā al-maʻānī wa-al-naḥwī yanẓur fī al-alfāẓ bi-al-dhāt wa-bi-al-qaṣd al-awwal wa-yanẓur fī al-maʻānī bi-al-ʻaraḍ wa-bi-al-qaṣd al-thānī wa-al-manṭiqī yanẓur fī al-maʻānī bi-al-dhāt wa-bi-al-qaṣd al-awwal wa-yanẓur fī al-alfāẓ bi-al-ʻaraḍ wa-bi-al-qaṣd al-thānī, fa-qad tabayyana gharaḍ al-ḥakīm fī ṣināʻat al-manṭiq wa-anna man jahila hādhihi al-ṣināʻah ʻaraḍa lahu bi-al-ḍarūrah annahu lā yaqif ʻalá ṣawāb man aṣāba kayfa aṣāba wa-min ayy jihah aṣāba wa-lā ʻalá sahw man sahā aw ghaliṭa kayfa wa-fī ayn sahā aw ghaliṭa wa-taḥayyara fī al-ārāʼ fa-minhā mā yuṣaḥḥiḥuhu min ghayr thiqah wa-minhā mā yuzayyifuhu bi-ghayr baṣīrah wa-minhā mā yatawaqqaf fīhi lā yadrī bi-mādhā yaḥkum lahu thumma lā yaʼman fīmā ṣaḥḥaḥahu al-yawm an yarid ʻalayhi fī ghad mā yanquḍuhu ʻalayhi wa-tashakkuk fīhi wa-fīmā zayyafahu an yaṣiḥḥ ʻindahu fī waqt ākhar fa-yanẓur fīmā huwa ʻindahu ṣaḥīḥ annahu yajūz an yafsud wa-fīmā huwa fāsid annahu yajūz an yaṣiḥḥ wa-ʻasá an yarjiʻ ilá ḍidd mā huwa ʻalayhi fī al-amrayn jamīʻan ammā li-khāṭir yarid ʻalayhi min nafsihi ʻan iʻtiqādihi al-awwal wa-ammā bi-raʼy ghayrihi fa-idhā gharaḍ man yaddaʻī al-kamāl fī al-ʻilm wa-al-thaqāfah bi-al-jadal wa-yuṣayyiruhu bi-barāʻatihi lam yakun ʻindahu mā yamtaḥinuhu bihi wa-ammā an yuḥsin al-ẓann bihi fa-yaqbaluhu wa-ammā an yattahimuhu fa-yaruddahu

Wa-laysa yakhlū fī ḥālayhi min ashyāʼ tarid ʻalá ʻaqlihi fa-yūhimuhu fī shayʼ annahu ḥaqq wa-fī ākhar annahu bāṭil wa-al-manṭiq yadulluhu ʻalá hādhihi al-mawāḍiʻ wa-yuṣaḥḥiḥ lahu al-ṣaḥīḥ wa-yuʻallimuhu lima ṣāra ṣaḥīḥan wa-yuzayyif al-bāṭil wa-yurīhi lima ṣāra bāṭilan fa-naḥnu muḍṭarrūn ilá taṣḥīḥ al-maʻānī fī anfusinā bi-qawānīn ṣināʻīyah tanfī bi-mā yaḥūṭunā min al-ghalaṭ wa-ilá taṣḥīḥ al-alfāẓ allatī tadull bi-al-muwāṭaʼah ʻalá tilka al-maʻānī li-allā yaʻtariḍ li-ghayrinā mā yughalliṭuhu fīhā fa-kilā hādhayn yusammá ṣināʻat al-manṭiq illā anna aḥaduhā yanẓur fīhi bi-al-dhāt wa-al-ākhar bi-al-ʻaraḍ kamā bayyannā

Wa-lammā taʼammala Arisṭ marātib iqnāʻāt al-nafs wa-arāda an yurattibahā wa-yajʻal lahā qānūnan ṣināʻīyan li-yatawaṣṣal bihā ilá ḥaqāʼiq al-ashyāʼ qasama dhālika kamā qasama al-ʻulūm allatī taqaddama sharḥanā lahā wa-naẓara fa-idhā anwāʻ al-qiyāsāt wa-al-aqāwīl yultamas bihā taṣḥīḥ raʼy wa-yatawaṣṣal bihā ilá ḥaqīqat maṭlūb ammā ʻinda anfusinā wa-ammā ʻinda ghayrinā tanqasim ilá thalāthat aqsām ammā an takūn ṣidqan kullahā wa-yaqīnan lā shubhah fīhā wa-ammā an takūn kadhiban kullahā wa-shukūkan wa-ammā an takūn ṣādiqah fī al-baʻḍ wa-kādhibah fī al-baʻḍ al-ākhar wa-hādhā al-nawʻ al-akhīr yanqasim thalāthat aqsām ammā an yakūn ṣidquhu akthar min kadhibihi wa-ammā an yakūn kadhibuhu akthar min ṣidqihi wa-ammā an yatasāwá fīhi al-amrān, fa-ṣāra jamīʻ anwāʻ al-qiyāsāt khamsah yaqīnīyah wa-ẓunūnīyah wa-mughalliṭah wa-muqniʻah wa-mukhayyilah fa-ṣannafa li-kull wāḥid min hādhihi al-aqsām kitāban wa-ʻallama tanāwul hādhihi al-ṭarīqah bi-qawānīn lā yumkin aḥad an yuʼaddī al-ikhlāf jawhar al-shayʼ al-maṭlūb wa-lā yumkin aḥad an yarjiʻ ʻanhu wa-lā yaqaʻ fīhi tuhʹmah wa-lā shakk wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Burhān. Wa-ammā al-qiyās alladhī huwa kadhib kulluhu fa-huwa mā yukhayyil fī al-shayʼ annahu ʻalá ṣūrah wa-laysa huwa ʻalayhā bi-al-ḥaqīqah wa-mithāluhu mā yaʻriḍ li-al-ʻayn ʻinda al-naẓar fa-inna al-nafs yaʻriḍ lahā ʻinda al-naẓar fī al-maʻqūl mā yaʻriḍ li-al-ʻayn ʻinda al-naẓar ilá al-maḥsūs wa-rubbamā takhayyala al-insān fī al-shayʼ khayālan fāsidan thumma yubādir ilá al-ʻamal bi-mā yaqtaḍīhi dhālika al-khayāl fa-tajīʼ al-afʻāl radīʼah qabīḥah fa-ṣannafa fīhi kitāban dalla ʻalá wujūh hādhihi al-takhayyulāt min ayn yaqaʻ wa-kayfa yaqaʻ wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Shuʻarāʼ wa-al-ṣināʻah al-shiʻrīyah

Wa-ammā alladhī ṣidquhu akthar min kadhibihi fa-huwa mā tūjad qiyāsātuhu min ashyāʼ mashhūrah laysat dhātīyah wa-lā jawharīyah li-al-maṭlūb wa-lā bihā qiwāmuhu fa-yaltamis al-insān ibdāʻ ẓann qawī ammā ʻinda nafsihi wa-ammā ʻinda ghayrihi ḥattá yaqaʻ lahu wa-in lam yakun yaqīnan fa-ṣannafa fīhi kitāban wa-dalla ʻalá wujūh hādhihi al-ẓunūn wa-annahā taṣduq wa-min ayn wa-kayfa wa-annahā takdhib wa-min ayn wa-kayfa wa-sammāhu al-Jadal wa-al-ṣināʻah al-jadalīyah. Wa-ammā alladhī kadhibuhu akthar min ṣidqihi fa-huwa alladhī yaghlaṭ fa-yatawahham fīmā laysa bi-ḥaqq annahu ḥaqq wa-fīman laysa bi-ʻālim annahu ʻālim wa-hādhā al-ghalaṭ yakūn ʻalá wujūh wa-ʻalá ḍurūb fa-ṣannafa kitāban dalla fīhi ʻalá wujūh al-talbīsāt wa-al-tamwīhāt wa-al-aghālīṭ kayfa taqaʻ wa-min ayn wa-sammāhu Ṣināʻat al-Sūfisṭāʼīyah wa-hiya al-ḥikmah fī al-lughah al-Yūnānīyah mushtaqqah min Sūf wa-huwa al-ḥikmah wa-min Isṭīs wa-huwa al-talbīs wa-al-tamwīh fa-kāna maʻnāhu al-ḥikmah al-mumawwahah, wa-kull man kāna qādiran ʻalá al-talbīs wa-al-tamwīh ammā fī nafsihi bi-an yūhim annahu ḥakīm wa-laysa bi-ḥakīm fa-huwa sūfisṭāʼī wa-laysa kamā yaẓunnuhu muslimū al-Islām annahu kāna fī al-zaman al-qadīm rajul yuqāl lahu Sūfisṭā wa-kāna yadfaʻ ḥaqāʼiq al-mawjūdāt wa-annahu lahu shīʻah yanṣurūn madhhabahu wa-yusammūnahu bihi fa-inna hādhā ẓann lā aṣl lahu wa-lam yakun qaṭṭ rajul fīmā salafa yuqāl lahu Sūfisṭā wa-lā summiya bihi aḥad wa-lā naṣara hādhā al-raʼy qawm bi-aʻyānihim wa-innamā yunsab ilá ṣināʻat al-jadal fa-yuqāl jadalī laysa anna hunāka rajulan yuqāl lahu Jadal

Wa-ammā alladhī kadhibuhu musāwī li-ṣidqihi fa-huwa alladhī yultamas bihi iqnāʻ mā fī ayy raʼy kāna wa-an yaskun al-sāmiʻ ilá mā yuqāl lahu wa-yuṣaddiq bihi taṣdīqan mā wa-huwa dūn al-ẓann al-qawī fa-ṣannafa fīhi kitāban dalla fīhi ʻalá wujūh hādhihi al-iqnāʻāt wa-min ayn wa-kayfa taqaʻ wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Khaṭābah wa-hādhihi hiya al-kutub al-khamsah al-manṭiqīyah

Lākin Arisṭ lammā naẓara fī al-qiyās wajada minhu mā huwa mushtarak bi-hādhihi al-funūn wa-minhā mā huwa khāṣṣ kull wāḥid minhā fa-ʻamila li-al-qiyās al-awwal al-ʻāmm al-mushtarak li-jamīʻ al-ṣināʻāt al-khams kitāban sammāhu Kitāb al-Qiyās wa-hādhā al-kitāb yūjad fī al-naql al-qadīm aḥaduhumā Kitāb al-Qiyās wa-al-ākhar Kitāb al-Burhān wa-huwa bi-al-Yūnānīyah Anūlūṭīqā al-ūlá wa-Anūlūṭīqā al-thāniyah

Thumma naẓara fī al-qiyās fa-idhā huwa murakkab min alfāẓ wa-maʻān, wa-aqall al-aqāwīl al-qiyāsīyah mā kāna murakkaban min lafẓatayn lafẓatayn wa-aqall al-maʻānī al-qiyāsīyah mā kāna min maʻqūlayn maʻqūlayn wa-aktharuhā ghayr maḥdūd .

Wa-hādhihi al-aqāwīl al-murakkabah min lafẓatayn ajzāʼuhā alfāẓ mufradah lā maḥālah fa-bi-al-ḍarūrah inqasamat lahu al-ṣināʻah ilá thamāniyat aqsām dhālika ʻalá ṭarīq al-taḥlīl fa-lammā salakahu ʻalá ṭarīq al-tarkīb badaʼa bi-al-alfāẓ al-mufradah al-dāllah ʻalá ajnās al-maʻānī al-mufradah fa-ʻamila fīhā kitāban wa-ḥaṣara hādhihi al-alfāẓ fī ʻasharat ajnās min al-maʻānī thumma qasama kull wāḥid fīhā ilá anwāʻihā wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Maqūlāt wa-huwa al-maʻrūf bi-Kitāb Fāṭīqūriyās thumma thanná bi-Kitāb dhakara fīhi al-aqāwīl al-murakkabah wa-sammāhu Kitāb Bārīzmīniyās ayy al-ʻIbārah wa-thallatha bi-Kitāb al-Qiyās alladhī dhakarnāhu fa-ʻallama fīhi qawānīn al-aqāwīl allatī yubayyin bihā al-qiyāsāt al-mushtarakah li-al-ṣanāʼiʻ al-khams wa-sammāhu Anūlūṭīqā al-ūlá , wa-rabbaʻa bi-al-kitāb alladhī sammāhu al-Burhān wa-huwa Anūlūṭīqā al-thāniyah fa-ʻallama fīhi qawānīn al-qiyāsāt allatī lā-tughāṭ wa-lā-yumkin fīhā dhālika wa-hiya al-yaqīnīyah, wa-khammasa bi-Kitāb dhakara fīhi qawānīn al-qiyāsāt al-maʼkhūdhah min al-umūr al-mashhūrah wa-kayfa yakūn al-suʼāl aw al-jawāb ʻalá hādhihi al-ṭarīqah wa-ʻallama fīhi al-qawānīn allatī tatimm hādhihi al-ṣināʻah ʻalá afḍal wa-akmal mā-yumkin wa-sammāhu Ṭūbiqā wa-huwa Kitāb al-Jadal , wa-saddasa bi-al-kitāb alladhī dhakara fīhi qawānīn hādhihi al-ashyāʼ allatī yughāṭ ʻan al-ḥaqq wa-tuḥayyiruhu wa-aḥḍara al-umūr allatī yaqṣiduhā al-mumawwih wa-bayyana al-ashyāʼ allatī taẓhar fasāduhā wa-kayfa yataḥarraz minhā wa-sammāhu Sūfisṭīqā ayy al-ḥikmah al-mumawwahah wa-sabbaʻa bi-Kitāb dhakara fīhi qawānīn al-ashyāʼ al-muqniʻah bi-al-khaṭāb wa-ḥaḍara jamīʻ mā-yatimm bihi hādhihi al-ṣināʻah li-yakūn al-insān fīhā akmal wa-anfadh wa-sammāhu Dīṭūrīqā , wa-thammana bi-Kitāb dhakara fīhi qawānīn al-alfāẓ al-mukhayyilah wa-aḥṣá jamīʻ mā yatimm bihi hādhihi al-ṣināʻah wa-qasamahā ilá anwāʻihā wa-aṣnāfihā wa-sammāhu Fūrīṭīqā ayy al-Shiʻr li-tatimm hādhihi al-ṣināʻah ʻalá hādhihi al-aqsām wa-kāna gharaḍuhu al-awwal fīhā al-qiyās al-burhānī wa-lākin awjabat al-qismah wa-al-tartīb mā dhakarnāhu wa-ayḍan fa-inna al-ashyāʼ allatī tuʻraf bi-ṭarīq al-burhān yasīrah bi-al-iḍāfah ilá mā yuʻraf bi-al-qiyāsāt al-ukhar fa-wājib an yurattibahā wa-yuʻallim ṭuruqahā wa-ayḍan fa-inna baʻḍuhā ṭuruq al-burhān wa-baʻḍuhā taḥmīhi wa-tadhubb ʻanhu

Ammā al-thalāthah allatī fī awāʼil al-ṣināʻah fa-hiya allatī tuʼaddī ilayhi al-arbaʻah al-akhīrah hiya allatī yuḥāmá ʻalayhi li-allā yashtabih bihi mā laysa minhu wa-ashraf hādhihi al-kutub Kitāb al-Burhān li-annahu al-maqṣūd al-awwal waqaʻa fī al-qism al-rābiʻ bi-al-ḍarūrah kamā dhakarnā fīmā salafa wa-bāqī al-kutub innamā ʻumilat ammā madākhil ilayhi wa-tawṭiʼāt lahu wa-ammā ḥāmiyah ʻanhu ammā al-thalāthah allatī taqaddamahu fa-hiya al-madākhil wa-ammā al-arbaʻah allatī baʻdahu fa-hiya allatī tuḥarrizuhu wa-tumayyizuhu wa-taḥmīhi min al-ṭuruq allatī yūhim annahā tuʼaddī ilá mā yuʼaddī ilayhi huwa wa-maʻa dhālika idhā qaṣada al-insān an yakūn mujādilan qawīyan aw khaṭīban miṣqaʻan aw shāʻiran mufliqan naḥā naḥwa mā yaltamisuhu wa-iqtaná min al-kutub alladhī ṣunnifa fīhi qawānīn al-ṣināʻah li-yaṣīr bihā fī aʻlá darajah minhu wa-arfaʻ rutbah fīhi wa-in iqtaṣara insān ʻalá al-kutub al-arbaʻah kafāhu dhālika fī taʻallum al-ḥikmah wa-qirāʼat al-kutub baʻdahā wa-hiya al-kutub allatī ʻadadnāhā wa-sharaḥnā qismat al-ḥakīm lahā fa-badaʼa minhā bi-al-kutub allatī min dhawāt al-mawādd wa-hiya min al-umūr al-ṭabīʻīyah

Wa-ākhar al-kutub allatī fī al-umūr al-mujarradah fī al-mawādd inna al-ṭabīʻīyāt maḥsūsah lanā wa-hiya ilaynā aqrab wa-naḥnu lahā ālif wa-bihā aʻraf wa-minhā yumkinunā al-taraqqī ilá mā baʻdahā fa-ṣannafa fīhi kitāban dhakara fīhi al-umūr al-mushtarakah li-jamīʻ al-ashyāʼ al-ṭabīʻīyah mā kāna minhā taḥta al-kawn wa-mā-laysa taḥta al-kawn wa-sammāhu al-Samāʻ al-Ṭabīʻī, wa-ṣannafa kitāban fīmā yakhuṣṣ al-ashyāʼ allatī laysat taḥta al-kawn wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Samāʼ thumma qasama al-ashyāʼ allatī taḥta al-kawn fa-ʻamila kitāban fīmā huwa mushtarak li-al-ashyāʼ dhawāt al-kawn kullihā wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Kawn wa-al-Fasād, wa-ʻamila kitāban fīmā yakhtaṣṣ fī al-arḍ mimmā-lahu nafs wa-lā-ḥawāss lahu wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Nabāt wa-kitāban fīmā yakhtaṣṣ bi-dhawāt al-nufūs wa-lahā ḥawāss wa-sammāhu Kitāb al-Ḥayawān . Wa-lammā arāda an yartaqī fī al-ṭabīʻīyāt wa-hiya al-umūr dhawāt al-mawādd ilá al-umūr allatī lā-mawādd lahā wajada bayna hātayn al-manzilatayn umūran lahā sharikah fī al-ṭabīʻah wa-sharikah fīmā baʻda al-ṭabīʻah fa-ʻamila fīhā kitābahu fī al-Nafs wa-kitābahu fī al-Ḥiss wa-al-Maḥsūs thumma ʻamila fīmā baʻda al-ṭabīʻah kutubahu allatī rasama ʻalayhā al-ḥurūf wa-hiya al-maʻrūfah bi-al-Alif Bāʼ wa-mā baʻdahā fa-minhā mā nuqila ilá al-ʻArabīyah wa-minhā mā lam yunqal illā anna fīmā nuqila ghiná kathīran wa-kifāyah tāmmah . Wa-lammā ʻamila fī al-juzʼ al-naẓarī hādhihi al-aʻmāl al-ʻiẓām wa-naẓamahā hādhā al-niẓām kammala ayḍan fī al-juzʼ al-ʻamalī hādhā al-ʻamal bi-ʻaynihi wa-dhāka annahu qasama ilá mā-huwa khāṣṣ bi-al-insān fī nafsihi wa-ilá mā huwa khāṣṣ bi-mā kāna khārijan ʻanhu wa-hādhā al-thānī yanqasim ilá qismayn aḥaduhumā tadbīr al-manzil wa-al-ākhar tadbīr al-mudun fa-ʻamila fī kull wāḥid kitāban ammā fī mā yakhuṣṣ al-insān bi-dhātihi fa-kitābuhu fī al-Akhlāq wa-huwa kitāb ʻaẓīm jiddan kathīr al-manāfiʻ yuʻallim kayfa yaktasib al-insān hibah fāḍilah wa-sajīyah maḥmūdah yaṣdur ʻanhā al-afʻāl al-jamīlah wa-al-aʻmāl al-marḍīyah

Wa-ammā kutubuhu fī tadbīr al-manzil wa-al-mudun fa-lam yunqal ilá al-ʻArabīyah illā mā wujida min kitābihi fī tadbīr al-mudun wa-huwa maqālunā wa-qad dhakartu fī fihrist kutubihi . Wa-lahu baʻda hādhihi al-kutub rasāʼil wa-kutub sammāhā al-Tadhākīr wa-hiya kathīrah ʻalá mā yudhkar wa-yuḥká fī fihrist muṣannafātihi wa-lahu kutub fī al-taʻālīm wa-lam yunqal minhā shayʼ illā anna fī al-niẓām alladhī kharaja ilá al-ʻArabīyah wa-al-tartīb alladhī rattabahu ghiná ʻaẓīm wa-rāḥah tāmmah li-man aḥabba an yukmil dhātahu wa-yatawajjah ilá maqṣadihi li-yaṣil ilayhi bi-surʻah fa-ammā miqdār al-zamān alladhī yufraḍ li-man arāda taʻallum al-ḥikmah ʻalá mā rattabahu hādhā al-ḥakīm al-muḥsin ilaynā al-munʻim ʻalaynā fa-ʻalá miqdār ʻināyatihi wa-ihtimāmihi wa-maʻūnāt al-ittifāq iyyāhu aʻnī bihā an yakūn dhakīyan ḥafūẓan wājidan li-al-kutub wa-al-ustādh al-fātiḥ wa-al-kifāyah fī al-maʻīshah li-allā yashtaghil bihā ʻammā yaqṣid

Fa-zawāl al-ʻāʼiqāt allatī lā ⟨...⟩ bihā al-insān fī ʻawāriḍ al-dunyā wa-humūmihā wa-amrāḍ al-nafs wa-al-badan wa-ijtimāʻihimā wa-ḥadhar al-ʻawāmm marrah wa-al-sulṭān ukhrá wa-murāqabat ahl al-balad fa-inna al-nās kamā yaqūl al-qāʼil aʻdāʼ mā-jahilū wa-min shaʼnihim al-waqīʻah fī ahl al-faḍl wa-muʻādāt kull man khālafahum fī madhāhibihim wa-aghrāḍihim wa-qaṣd bi-kull makrūh wa-adhá fa-idhā salima min hādhihi al-ʻawāriḍ wa-kānat al-qarīḥah wa-al-asbāb allatī dhakarnāhā mujtamiʻah lahu fa-mā aqrab wuṣūluhu ilá bughyatihi wa-rāḥatihi min taʻab abnāʼ jinsihi wa-ẓafarihi bi-al-kunūz allatī dhukhirat wa-muddat dhālika ʻalá al-taqrīb mā-bayna ʻashr sinīn ilá ʻishrīn sanah wa-hādhā idhā shaghalatʹhu al-dunyā baʻḍ al-shughl fa-innahu lā-yajūz an yuẓann bi-insān annahu yanfarid wa-yankamish ʻalá al-ʻilm wa-lā-yajʻal li-badanihi rāḥah wa-li-nafsihi ḥaẓẓan min al-ladhdhāt fīmā yaḥsun wa-yajmul wa-law taʻāṭá dhālika la-khasirahu aw inqaṭaʻa dūn ghāyatihi

Wa-qad raʼá baʻḍ aṣḥāb Arisṭ wa-mudarrisī kutubihi an yabtadiʼ al-muʻallim lahā bi-kutub al-Akhlāq li-tatahadhdhab nafsuhu wa-taṣfū min kadar al-shahawāt wa-yakhiff ʻanhā infiʻāl ʻawāriḍihā fa-tatamakkan min qabūl al-ḥikmah wa-yaʻtarif baʻḍ al-iʻtirāf bi-tark al-inhimāk fī al-shahawāt wa-hijrān al-malādh al-jismīyah wa-yaʻlam anna aktharahā khasāsāt wa-razāʼil fa-yatanazzah ʻanhā thumma yanẓur fī shayʼ min al-taʻālīm li-yaʻrif ṭarīq al-burhān wa-yatadarrab bihā wa-yaʼnas bi-ṭuruqihā wa-yatruk al-īghāl fīhā ilá waqt ākhar fa-inna bayna yadayhi gharaḍan baʻīdan wa-shawṭan baṭīʼan thumma yanẓur fī al-manṭiq alladhī huwa ālah fī jamīʻ mā-yaqṣid thumma yanẓur fī al-ṭabīʻīyāt wa-mā baʻdahā ʻalá al-tartīb alladhī taqaddama fa-idhā waṣala al-insān ilá al-martabah al-akhīrah iṭṭalaʻa ʻalá ḥaqāʼiq al-mawjūdāt wa-nazzalahā manāzilahā wa-taṣawwarat nafsuhu bihā fa-idhā taṣawwarat al-nafs bi-ḥaqāʼiq al-umūr ʻaqalahā ʻaqlan tāmman fa-idhā ʻaqalahā taṣawwara bi-al-ṣuwar al-ʻaqlīyah wa-zālat ʻanhu rusūm al-aʻrāḍ allatī fī al-umūr al-ṭabīʻīyah aʻnī al-ashyāʼ al-dāʼirah wa-ḥaṣalat ṣuwar al-ashyāʼ al-ʻaqlīyah al-sarmadīyah wa-ittaḥada bihā al-ʻaql fa-ṣārat hiya shayʼan wāḥidan wa-min shaʼn al-ʻaql an yaṣīr juzʼuhu kullan kamā yatabayyan dhālika lahu idhā waṣala ilayhi fa-idhā fāraqat nafsuhu badanahu intaqala ilá al-wujūd al-thānī alladhī huwa ghāyatuhu al-akhīrah wa-kamāluhu al-aqṣá wa-hādhihi al-ḥālah ʻasirat al-taṣawwur jiddan baʻīdah fīmā nushāhiduhu wa-naʻtāduhu wa-lā yumkin al-nuṭq bihā wa-lā yasaʻuhā illā bi-al-ṭarīq alladhī yaṣil ilayhi man salakahu ʻalá al-jāddah allatī bayyannāhā, wa-idhā muththilat bi-al-amthāl al-muḥākiyah lahā mimmā iʻtadnāhu wa-allafnāhu ʻaraḍat fī al-amthilah munāqaḍāt wa-muḥālāt li-ajl anna al-mithāl laysa min al-mumaththal fī shayʼ fa-li-dhālika ʻudila ʻan dhikrihi wa-qad ʻamiltu fīhi ʻalá kull ḥāl kalāman ijtahadtu fīhi an yalūḥ minhu ajlá mā yumkin wa-afradtuhu fī juzʼ idhā ḥaṣala hādhā al-juzʼ bi-ḥaḍratihi wa-karrara fīhi ṭarfahu wa-istadʻá mā yalīhi wa-ʻalimtu anna lahu mawqiʻan ḥamaltuhu awwalan bi-mashīʼat Allāh wa-ʻawnihi wa-lā qūwah illā bihi wa-huwa ḥasbunā wa-niʻma al-wakīl wa-ṣalawāt ʻalá nabīhi Muḥammad wa-ālihi ajmaʻīn

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