Part Three: on what concerns the noble character of kings and the manners of their retinue — Chapter One: the noble character of kings in particular

Taʻrifu al-ikhwān * ʻinda al-shadāʼid tadhhabu al-aḥqād * al-raʼy qabla shajāʻat al-shujʻān * Idhā anta akramta al-karīm malaktahu * Khalaqa al-zamān ʻadāwat al-aḥrār * Tamma al-qism al-thānī min hādhā al-kitāb wa-al-ḥamd lillāh al-ʻAlī al-Wahhāb

﴿ al-Qism al-thālith fī-mā yataʻallaqu bi-makārim akhlāq al-mulūk wa-ādāb atbāʻihim ﴾

﴿ al-Faṣl al-awwal minhu fī makārim akhlāq al-mulūk khāṣṣah ﴾

Iʻlam anna sharīf al-aʻmāl lā yataṣarrafu fīhi illā bi-sharīf al-akhlāq wa-anna al-riʼāsah lā tatimmu illā bi-ḥusn al-siyāsah fa-inna al-sāʼis al-rashīd ka-al-ṭabīb al-ḥādhiq fī ḥifẓ al-ṣiḥḥah wa-izālat al-maraḍ wa-mā yaʻriḍu fī al-mamlakah min al-iḍṭirāb shabīh bi-mā yaʻriḍu fī al-ajsād min al-awjāʻ wa-al-awṣāb fa-yanbaghī an yakūna ijtihād al-malik fī riʻāyat ṣiḥḥat mamlakatihi wa-izālat maraḍihā ka-ijtihādihi fī riʻāyat ṣiḥḥat badanihi wa-izālat maraḍihi wa-yakūna ightibāṭuhu bi-mā yukhallifuhu min al-dhikr al-jalīl wa-al-athar al-jamīl akthar minhu bi-mā yushāhiduhu fī muddat ḥayātihi bi-samʻihi wa-baṣarihi qāla al-ḥakīm awlá al-nās bi-al-mulk ashadduhum maḥabbatan li-iṣlāḥ al-raʻīyah wa-aʻlamuhum bi-al-tadbīr wa-ashadduhum sulṭānan ʻalá hawāʼihi wa-aqharuhum lahu fī-mā yataʻallaqu bi-maṣāliḥ al-mamlakah wa-aqdaruhum ʻalá basṭ al-ʻadl fīhā wa-rafʻ al-ẓulm ʻanhā fa-inna al-ʻadl mīzān Allāh fī arḍihi bihi yuʼkhadhu li-al-ḍaʻīf min al-qawī wa-li-al-muḥiqq min al-mubṭil fa-man lam yurāʻi ḥaqq Allāh wa-mīzānahu fī-mā bayna ʻibādihi wa-bilādihi fa-qad jahila aʻẓam al-jahālah wa-ightarra ashadd al-ightirār wa-lā yumkinu ḍabṭ al-mamlakah wa-lā riʻāyat al-raʻīyah illā bi-al-haybah wa-lā haybata li-al-malik ʻinda al-khāṣṣah wa-al-ʻāmmah mithla haybat al-ʻadl wa-al-nazāhah min maʻarrat al-shahawāt (wa-fī waṣīyat Arisṭū wa-al-Iskandar) iḥdhar al-shahawāt wa-li-yakun mā tastaʻīnu bihi ʻalá kaff al-nafs ʻanhā ʻilmuka bi-annahā mudhhilah li-al-ʻaql muhajjinah li-al-raʼy shāʼinah li-al-ʻirḍ shāghilah ʻan ʻaẓīm umūr al-mulk fa-in nāzaʻatka nafsuka ilá al-shahawāt wa-al-ladhdhāt wa-al-lahw wa-al-mulhiyāt fa-qad nazaʻat bika ilá sharr manzilah wa-adnāhā wa-akhassuhā wa-asqaṭuhā fa-ghālibhā ashadd al-mughālabah wa-imtaniʻ minhā ashadd al-imtināʻ wa-li-yakun marjiʻuka minhā ilá al-ḥaqq wa-lā tudāhin nafsaka fī al-hawá al-yasīr fa-taṭmaʻa minka fī al-kabīr wa-lā tubṭil ʻumraka fī ghayr al-ḥaqq wa-lā mālaka fī ghayr al-wājib wa-lā qūwataka fī ghayr al-rushd fa-in kunta lā budda laka an tashtaghila bi-ladhdhah fa-li-takun fī muḥādathat al-ʻulamāʼ wa-muṭālaʻat kutub al-ḥikmah fa-inna dhālika yajmaʻu laka al-surūr wa-tamām al-saʻādah wa-khilāfuhu yajmaʻu laka ʻājil al-maʻarrah wa-wakhāmat al-ʻāqibah . wa-qāla ḥakīm ākhar lā taghurranna al-malik ghurūran bi-an tuḥassina lahu dawāʻī al-lahw wa-al-hazl wa-al-muḍḥikāt fa-inna dhālika ṣibā aw taṣābī wa-lā tuwahhimhu wahman bi-an tanāwulahā yuzīlu malālah aw kalālah wa-annahu anfaʻu min iṭrāḥihā fa-inna dhālika min asqaṭ al-awhām wa-ardāhā wa-akhsar ṣafqah mimman bāʻa ghunyat al-ḥayāh wa-ashraf al-aʻmāl al-mūṣilah ilá al-saʻādāt al-abadīyah bi-adwan al-afʻāl al-bahīmīyah al-latī hiya fiʻl al-ṣibyān wa-al-niswān lahu . wa-ḥassin lahu al-farāgh min ahl al-taʻṭīl fa-in arāda izālat malālah fa-li-yakun fī mujāwarat al-fuḍalāʼ min al-nudamāʼ wa-musāmaratihim wa-istimāʻ āthār man ghabara min mulūk al-zamān wa-taḥawwul aḥwālihim wa-aʻṣārihim wa-taqallub dawalihim wa-adwārihim fa-tazūlu malālatuhu bi-dhālika wa-tuhadhdhabu akhlāquhu bi-mā tuksibuhu al-fikrah fī dhālika min fawāʼid al-tajribah wa-in istarāḥa aḥyānan min al-samāʻ bi-mā kāna dāʻiyan ilá al-karam wa-ḥāththan ʻalá al-samāḥ wa-muḥarrikan ilá al-shajāʻah wa-min al-ṣayd wa-al-qanṣ bi-mā yakūnu tadarruban wa-riyāḍat li-khaylihi wa-jundihi fa-lā baʼs ʻalayhi maʻa annahu lā samāʻa ashraf min ḥikmah tukhbiru bi-ḥaqāʼiq al-ashyāʼ wa-lā ṣayda anfaʻ min qayd qulūb al-aʻwān wa-al-awliyāʼ wa-akthar mā yantafiʻu bihi al-malik tadbīr al-mamlakah wa-zīnat al-salṭanah wa-muḥāfaẓat al-haybah wa-mujāwarat al-ʻulamāʼ wa-istimāʻ ādābihim wa-qabūl naṣāʼiḥihim wa-an yajʻalahum thiqātihi wa-aʻwānahu wa-biṭānatahu wa-ḥurrāsan ʻalá afʻālihi wa-aḥwālihi bi-ḥaythu lā yaghfulūna ʻanhu wa-idhā ghafala huwa ʻan nafsihi fa-al-wājib ʻalayhi taʻahhud aḥwālihim wa-kifāyat maʼūnātihim wa-an lā yaḥqira aḥadan minhum li-khumūlihi wa-rakākat ḥālihi fa-inna halāk al-mulūk fī al-dunyā wa-al-ākhirah fī istiṣghār al-ʻulamāʼ wa-iḥtiqār dhawī al-nuhá wa-al-ʻaql . wa-li-yaʻlam anna surʻat iʼtilāf al-akhyār ʻinda istimālatihim ka-surʻat ikhtilāṭ māʼ al-maṭar bi-al-biḥār wa-buʻd al-ashrār min al-iʼtilāf wa-in ṭālat muʻāsharatuhum ka-buʻd al-bahāʼim min al-taʻāṭuf wa-in ṭāla iʻtilāfuhā wa-in ishtabakat ʻalá al-malik al-umūr wa-ʻamiyat ʻalayhi al-tadābīr fa-li-yakun mafzaʻuhu fīhā ilá ārāʼ al-ʻulamāʼ al-murshidīn wa-al-wuzarāʼ al-nāṣiḥīn wa-al-mushāwarah maʻahum fa-inna minhā tastabīnu maṣāliḥ al-umūr kamā tastabīnu al-maṣābīḥ fī ẓulam al-dayjūr fa-inna al-ḥāzim fī-mā ashkala ʻalayhi min al-raʼy bi-manzilat man aḍalla luʼluʼah bi-jamʻ mā ḥawla masqaṭihā min al-turāb fa-nakhalahu ḥattá wajadahā ka-dhālika al-ḥāzim yajmaʻu jamīʻ al-ārāʼ fī al-amr al-mushkil thumma yumʻinu fīhi fikrahu wa-yusqiṭu baʻḍahu ḥattá yakhluṣa minhu al-raʼy al-ṣāʼib . wa-qad qīla al-mustashīr mutaḥaṣṣin wa-al-mustabidd mutahawwir fī al-ghalaṭ wa-laʻalla raʼyaka yuwahhimuka bi-an baʻḍ al-nās yazdarīka li-iqtibāsika minhum ṣawāb al-raʼy wa-yastakhiffu amruka ʻindahum fa-in khaṭara hādhā fa-iṭraḥhu ashadd al-iṭrāḥ fa-inna al-ladhī tasʻadu bihi min al-ʻilm al-mustafād minhum wa-tafūzu bihi min mukhālafat ahl al-jahl afḍal laka wa-atamm nafʻan wa-aʻẓam khaṭaran min an yuʻāda lahu shayʼ siwāhu maʻa anna al-nās fīka rajulān rajul ʻāqil yataḥaqqaqu ʻindahu ṣawāb raʼyika wa-jāhil lā yufarriqu bayna ṣawāb al-raʼy wa-khaṭāʼihi fa-lā iʻtibār bi-qawlihi wa-fiʻlihi ʻinda al-ʻuqalāʼ . wa-li-yaʻlam al-malik anna tamhīd qawāʻid al-mamlakah wa-tanẓīm umūr al-ʻadlah lā yatimmu illā bi-ḥasm bawāʼiq al-ashrār wa-ḥusn riʻāyat al-akhyār wa-ṣalāḥ al-aʻwān wa-al-anṣār wa-al-ijtihād fī intiqāʼ ṣāliḥī al-ʻummāl li-anna aʻmāl al-malik kathīrah wa-lā yumkinu an yajtamiʻa istiʻdād jamīʻ al-aʻmāl fī wāḥid fa-al-wajh fī dhālika an yakūna al-malik ʻārifan bi-sharāʼiṭ kull ʻamal wa-bi-istiʻdād kull wāḥid maʻrifah tāmmah ḥattá yufawwiḍa ilá kull ʻāmil ʻamalan yalīqu bihi wa-yashtahira bi-al-kifāyah wa-al-amānah fīhi fa-inna al-ʻāmil li-al-malik ka-al-silāḥ li-al-muqātil fa-idhā faqada al-malik ʻummāl al-ṣidq fa-qad nazala bihi mā yanzilu bi-al-muqātil idhā baqiya bi-lā silāḥ wa-yajibu an yuwallī khiyār ahl mamlakatihi wa-lā yusalliṭa ʻalá al-nās jahhālahum fa-inna al-jahālah qāʼid al-ḍalālah wa-al-ḍalālah wāsiṭat al-fitnah wa-fī al-fitnah safk al-dimāʼ wa-al-halakah wa-qad qīla

Lā yaṣluḥu al-nāsu fawḍá lā sarāta lahum ٭ wa-lā sarāta li-man jahhāluhum sādū

wa-yajibu ʻalayhi baʻda tafwīḍ al-aʻmāl ilá al-ʻummāl al-mustaʻiddīn lahā an yatafaqqada aḥwālahum fī aʻmālihim wa-yubāligha fī tafaḥḥuṣ akhbārihim ḥattá lā yakhfá ʻalayhi iḥsān man aḥsana fī ʻamalihi wa-isāʼat man asāʼa fīhi thumma lā yatahāwana fī tamkīn al-muḥsin wa-zaḥzaḥat al-musīʼ mukāfaʼat iḥsānihi wa-isāʼatihi wa-yubādiru fī dhālika bi-ḥaythu yubashshiru al-muḥsin bi-ʻilmihi qabla an yaṣila ilayhi maʻrūfuhu wa-yufarriqu al-musīʼ fī ḥuznihi qabla an yubtalá bi-ʻuqūbatihi wa-qīla khayr al-mulūk man yathiqu bihi al-barīʼ wa-lā yaʼmanu minhu al-murīb wa-yaʻlamu ahl al-khayr anna maʻrūfahu lā yaṣilu ilayhim illā bi-maʻūnat al-khayr wa-yatayaqqanu ahl al-bāṭil anna ʻuqūbatahu sa-taṣilu ilayhim bi-lā dāfiʻ fa-inna thiqat al-barīʼ tazīduhu ijtihādan fī al-munāṣaḥah wa-khawf al-murīb yazīduhu ruʻban wa-haybatan wa-maʻa al-ijtihād bi-al-munāṣaḥah al-ʻāfiyah wa-maʻa al-ruʻb wa-al-haybah al-istiqāmah fī al-ṭāʻah wa-yajibu maʻa dhālika an lā tuʻdama ʻalá bābihi al-shufaʻāʼ mimman yathqulu ʻalayhi radduhum wa-taṣʻubu ʻalayhi mukhālafatuhum ḥattá yamtaniʻa ʻan al-ifrāṭ fī al-taʼdīb al-mujāwiz ḥadd al-masāʼah bi-shafāʻatihim wa-yajibu an yaʻlama anna kull wāḥid min al-nās lā yakhlū min ʻayb wa-faḍīlah fa-lā yamnaʻuhu ʻaybu rajul min al-istiʻānah bihi fī-mā ʻindahu manfaʻah lahu wa-lā taḥmilatʹhu faḍīlat rajul ʻalá al-istiʻānah bihi fī-mā lā maʻūnah lahu ʻindahu wa-idhā ʻaraḍa li-baʻḍi khadamihi qāṭiʻ ʻan bulūgh gharaḍ huwa bi-ṣadadihi fa-lā yulzimannahu dhanb al-dahr maʻa thiqatihi bihi fa-qad yaqṭaʻu al-mulūk al-qawāṭiʻ ʻan ḥuqūq anfusihim faḍlan ʻan awliyāʼihim wa-khadamihim . wa-iʻlam anna wujūd aʻwān al-sūʼ aḍarr ʻalayhi min fuqdān aʻwān al-ṣidq wa-yastaʻīnu ʻalá infādh al-umūr bi-khallatayn iḥdāhumā taʼalluf ārāʼ al-aʻwān wa-al-ukhrá al-tathbīt fī al-adāʼ wa-yajtanibu min al-taʼkhīr fī al-muhimmāt wa-al-tawānī fī-mā yaḥduthu minhumā fa-innahu in faʻala dhālika tazāḥamat ʻalayhi al-umūr wa-tarākamat ʻalayhi al-mahāmm wa-idhā lam yakfi zamānuhu li-mubāsharatihā taḥayyara fī tadbīrihā wa-ḍayyaʻa al-umūr bi-jumlatihā wa-innamā al-umūr kullahā amrān ṣaghīr lā yanbaghī an yubāshirahu bi-nafsihi wa-kabīr lā yanbaghī an yakilahu ilá ghayrihi fa-matá bāshara ṣighār al-umūr shaghalatʹhu ʻan kibārihā wa-matá wakkala kibārahā ilá ghayrihā ḍāʻa akthar mimmā ḥafiẓa wa-afsada akthar mimmā aṣlaḥa . fa-idhā tarākamat al-aʻmāl ʻalayhi fa-lā yaltamis al-tarawwuḥ bi-mudāfaʻatihā wa-al-rawaghān minhā fa-inna al-ṣabr ʻalayhā huwa al-ladhī yaḥfaẓuhā ʻalayhi wa-al-ḍajar minhā huwa al-ladhī yazīdu tazāḥumahā ʻalayhi fa-li-yakun maʻahu ʻinda dhālika raʼyuhu al-ladhī yakhtāru bihi al-umūr fa-yakhtāru awlá al-umūr wa-ahammahā wa-yashtaghilu bihi ḥattá yafragha ilá al-ākhar wa-lā yaʻẓumanna ʻalayhi fawt mā fāta wa-yuʼakhkhiru mā yuʼakhkhiru idhā waḍaʻa al-raʼy mawḍiʻahu wa-jaʻala shughlahu fī-mā yajibu . wa-li-yaʻlam al-malik anna al-nās ʻalá dīnihi fa-li-yakun li-al-birr wa-al-murūwah wa-ḥusn al-sīrah ʻindahu nifāq (١) fa-innahu yasuddu bi-dhālika ṭarīq al-fujūr wa-al-fasād fī mamlakatihi wa-li-yatafaqqad fī-mā yatafaqqadu min umūr al-raʻīyah fāqat al-khāṣṣah wa-li-yaʻmal fī saddihā wa-ṭughyān al-safalah wa-li-yajtahid fī qamʻihi wa-li-yaʻlam annahu idhā iltamasa riḍāʼ jamīʻ al-nās iltamasa mā lā yudraku wa-kayfa yattafiqu riḍāʼ al-mukhtalifīn fī ahwāʼihim . wa-li-yakun aʻẓam maqāṣidihi fī al-wilāyah thalāth khiṣāl riḍāʼ rabbihi wa-riḍāʼ sulṭānihi in kāna fawqahu sulṭān wa-riḍāʼ ṣāliḥī man yalī ʻalayhim wa-mā ʻalayhi an yalhū ʻan al-māl wa-al-jāh wa-al-maṣāliḥ al-mutaʻalliqah bihim fa-innahu sa-yaḥṣulu minhā mā yumkinu ʻalá aḥsan al-wujūh bi-lā ijtihād fī ṭalabihi baʻda riʻāyat hādhihi al-khiṣāl . wa-li-yaʻlam anna mā ʻadala bihi min karāmatihi wa-maylihi ilá ahl al-naqṣ aḍarra bihi wa-aʻjazahu ʻan karāmat ahl al-faḍl wa-mā ṣarafa min mālihi fī al-bāṭil faqadahu ʻinda irādat al-ḥaqq wa-mā shaghala min raʼyihi bi-ghayr al-muhimm azrá bi-al-muhimm . wa-min al-akhlāq al-latī yajibu ʻalá al-malik al-rashīd an yaʼkhudha bihā nafsahu an lā yaghḍaba bi-sabab min al-asbāb bal yatadarraʻa bi-al-ḥilm wa-al-waqār ʻinda hayjān al-ghaḍab wa-li-yaʻlam anna al-ghaḍab maraḍ min amrāḍ al-qalb idhā mā ʻaraḍa fasadat al-ārāʼ maʻahu fa-in buliya bihi fa-lā yumḍi fiʻlan wa-lā yunaffidhu ḥukman ʻinda ghaḍabihi . wa-qad jāʼa fī al-athar an lā yaḥkuma al-ḥākim bayna ithnayn wa-huwa ghaḍbān wa-qāla Azdashīr ibn Abak laysa li-al-shayṭān fī sāʻah min al-dahr ṭamaʻ fī al-qudrah ʻalá al-malik aqwá minhu fī sāʻat al-ghaḍab wa-an lā yastafizzahu al-surūr wa-al-madḥ ʻindahu wa-lā tamlaʼa al-bashāʼir qalbahu li-allā yunsaba ilá ḍaʻf al-ʻazīmah wa-ṣighar al-himmah wa-yuqarrira fī nafsihi anna al-bashāʼir wa-in kathurat fa-hiya muḥtaqarah idhā qīsat bi-kibar himmatihi wa-uḍīfat ilá ʻiẓam manzilatihi wa-an lā takbura bihi al-nawāʼib idhā almat wa-yuqaddima fī fikrihi anna al-ḥawādith idhā ṭaraqat wa-al-nawāzil idhā waqaʻat fa-hiya sahlah fī janb ṣabrihi wa-shahāmatihi fa-idhā ṭaraʼa minhā ḥādith bāna faḍluhu ʻalá man siwāhu bi-al-taḥammul wa-al-ṣabr wa-al-maskah ʻinda jazaʻihi wa-al-waqār wa-al-anāh ʻinda istiqrārihi wa-an lā yakūna min shaʼnihi al-faraḥ bi-al-madḥ wa-al-tazkiyah fa-inna qābil al-madḥ ka-mādiḥ nafsihi wa-in ʻarafa al-nās dhālika minhu kāna thulmah min al-thulam fī ʻaqlihi yaqtaḥimūna ʻalayhi minhā wa-bāban min al-abwāb yaftatiḥūna ʻalayhi minhu wa-ghaybah yaghtābūnahu bihā wa-yaḍḥakūna minhā wa-li-yakun ḥubbuhu li-al-madḥ huwa al-ladhī yaḥmiluhu ʻalá raddihi fa-inna al-rādd lahu mamdūḥ wa-al-qābil lahu madhmūm wa-an lā yaḥzana ʻalá fawt al-maḥbūb aw faqd al-maṭlūb fa-inna al-ḥuzn mudʹhishah li-al-ʻaql muqaṭṭiʻah li-al-ḥīlah wa-thamarat al-ʻaql an yaṭraḥa ʻanhu wāridāt al-humūm bi-ʻazāʼim al-ṣabr wa-idhā warada ʻalayhi muḥzin yaqmaʻu al-ḥuzn bi-al-ṣabr wa-yafzaʻu al-ʻaql li-al-iḥtiyāl fī taḥṣīl al-fāʼit aw al-mafqūd in amkana wa-lā yaʼsaf ʻalá mā fātahu min al-tharāʼ (١) fa-inna al-māl shabīh bi-al-ṭāʼir yantaqilu min nashz (٢) ilá nashz fa-huwa ʻinda iqbālihi sarīʻ al-iqbāl wa-ʻinda idbārihi khabīth al-intiqāl wa-laysa surūr yajibu an yaghtabiṭa bihi al-malik illā surūr maʻahu rajāʼ bi-ḥusn maʻādihi ammā mā siwá dhālika fa-huwa maṭrūḥ ʻinda dhawī al-albāb li-annahu laysa min surūr al-dunyā bi-shayʼ yuʼmanu ʻalayhi al-āfāt wa-al-ghiyar wa-yahābuhu al-ʻaql al-insānī illā istiṣghār al-dunyā wa-qadrihā ʻinda mā yuʻāyanu min taftīsh al-ākhirah wa-rafḍ mā fīhā min al-khidāʻ bi-al-ladhdhāt al-latī lā taʼmanu fīhā min al-tabiʻāt wa-yanbaghī an yakūna li-al-mulūk fī anfusihim ʻibrah laysat li-al-sūqah wa-hiya an yatafakkarū fī surʻat inqiḍāʼ dawalihim wa-ifrāṭ raghbatihim fī al-awzār maʻa al-qudrah ʻalayhā wa-fī-mā ʻarafū min qiṣar istimtāʻ man maḍaw min amthālihim wa-kathrat al-tanghīṣ wa-al-ʻawāriḍ fī niʻamihim wa-dawalihim wa-li-yaʻlamū anna akhwaf al-ḥālāt lahum mā hum fīhā wa-lā yakūnū ashadd thiqatan bi-anfusihim wa-aqall thiqatan bi-rabbihim ittikālan ʻalá mamālikihim wa-jaddihim fa-inna li-al-aʻmāl jazāʼ wa-li-al-umūr baghtāt fa-yakūnūna ʻalá ḥadhar minhā wa-yusāriʻūna fī al-khayrāt fa-rubbamā kānat sāʻah lā taʻūdu qāla ḥakīm khayr al-mulūk ashkaruhum lillāh wa-anqāhum min maḥārimihi wa-aktharuhum taʻẓīman li-amrihi wa-aqḍāhum li-al-ḥuqūq wa-arʼafuhum bi-al-raʻīyah wa-abʻaduhum naẓaran fī al-ʻawāqib wa-akhwafuhum min al-dawāʼir wa-akmaluhum saʻādatan man kathura ʻilmuhu wa-wuffiqa li-al-ʻamal bihi wa-kāna faraḥuhu bi-mā yastawjibu min al-nās al-shukr wa-min Allāh al-mathūbah wa-al-ajr wa-aqbaḥ akhlāqihim al-ḥiddah wa-ḍayq al-dharʻ wa-qillat al-fahm wa-ghalabat al-bukhl wa-al-qaswah wa-al-faẓāẓah wa-qillat al-ihtimām bi-amr al-raʻīyah . wa-yajibu ʻalá al-malik an yaʼkhudha li-al-ḍaʻīf min al-qawī wa-li-al-faqīr min al-ghanī bi-ḥiṣaṣihimā min al-ḥaqq wa-naṣībihimā min al-ʻadl wa-an yakūna li-al-faqīr wa-al-ḍaʻīf ashadd naẓaran wa-atamm ʻināyatan wa-ʻan amrihimā ashadd faḥṣan li-anna al-qawī wa-al-ghanī yamtaniʻān min al-ẓulm wa-al-ḍaym bi-qūwatihimā wa-ammā al-faqīr wa-al-ḍaʻīf fa-lā yakūnu imtināʻuhumā bi-sulṭānihimā wa-qūwatihimā bal takūnu bi-maʻūnatihi iyyāhumā wa-an lā yaghtarra bi-muzakhraf al-qawl wa-raqīq al-kalām fa-rubbamā ḥaḍarahu al-ẓālim al-jānī wa-al-mudāhin al-khawwān fa-salima min saṭawātihi wa-ḥaẓiya min ʻawāṭifihi bi-siḥr balāghatihi wa-ifṣāḥihi ʻan ḥujjatihi wa-rubbamā halaka ladayhi al-amīn al-muḥiqq wa-uṣṭulima al-barīʼ al-maẓlūm li-ʻatharāt lisānihi wa-ʻajzihi ʻan bayān ḥujjatihi fa-li-yaḥtajja bi-nafsihi li-man yaʻjizu ʻan al-balāghah wa-yaqṣuru ʻan al-faṣāḥah . wa-li-yaʻlam anna sulṭān mulūk al-dunyā innamā huwa ʻalá abdān mā malakū wa-ʻalá mā yabdū min ẓawāhir umūrihim fa-ammā nīyātihim wa-mā yaghību ʻanhum min umūr bawāṭinihim fa-lā sabīl lahum ʻalayhi li-annahu maḥjūb ʻanhum fa-lā yanbaghī lahum an yaʼkhudhū al-raʻīyah illā bi-mā yaẓharu lahum minhum wa-yatrukū al-taẓannī fa-inna al-taẓannī yadʻū ilá al-tuhmah wa-al-tajannī wa-humā dāʻiyān ilá al-lawm wa-al-shaqāʼ wa-li-yaʻlamū annahum lā yaqdirūna ʻalá an lā yanṭiqa al-ʻāmmah bi-ʻuyūbihim wa-lā yatʻabūna fī an lā yubṣira al-nās mā fīhim min al-maʻāʼib bal yajtahidūna fī an lā yakūna lahum ʻayb wa-yatajannabūna ʻan shikāyat al-nās minhum fa-inna man lam yubāli bi-al-shikāyah fa-qad iʻtarafa bi-al-danāʼah wa-yaʻlamūna annahu mā istaṣlaḥa al-mustaṣliḥ ghayrahu illā bi-ṣalāḥ nafsihi wa-mā afsada al-mufsid ghayrahu illā bi-fasād nafsihi fa-in raghiba al-wālī fī iṣlāḥ man wuliya ʻalayhi fa-li-yabdaʼ bi-iṣlāḥ nafsihi wa-in arāda rafʻ al-ʻuyūb ʻanhum fa-li-yuṭahhir awwalan nafsahu minhā wa-idhā ishtabaha ʻalayhi amrān wa-lam yadri ayyuhumā aṣwab fa-li-yanẓur ilá aqrabihimā min hawāhu fa-li-yukhālifhu fa-inna al-hawá ʻadūw al-ʻaql wa-lā yajtamiʻān abadan . wa-li-yaʻlam anna min al-umūr mā huwa ḥadhar wa-minhā mā huwa khawar fa-in kāna jubnuhu min al-amr qabla muwāqaʻatihi iyyāhu fa-huwa ḥadhar

— al-ḥawāshī —

[64] (١) al-nifāq bi-fatḥ al-nūn al-rawāj ah

[67] (١) al-tharāʼ bi-al-madd kathrat al-māl ah

[67] (٢) al-nashz bi-fatḥ fa-sukūn wa-bi-fatḥayn al-murtafiʻ min al-arḍ ah