Section: On Dismissal

Faṣl

( fī al-ʻazl )

Wa-ammā al-ʻazl fa-ḍarbān :

Aḥaduhumā : mā kāna min ghayri sababin fa-huwa khārij ʻan al-siyāsah . Li-anna lil-afʻāl wa-al-aqwāl asbāban idhā tajarradat ʻanhā kāna al-fiʻl ʻabathan , wa-al-kalām laghwan lā yaqtaḍīhi raʼy ḥaṣīf , wa-lā tūjibuhu siyāsat labīb . Wa-qad qīla : al-ʻazl aḥad al-ṭalāqayn . Fa-kamā annahu lā yaḥsun al-ṭalāq li-ghayri sabab ka-dhālika lā yaḥsun al-ʻazl li-ghayri sabab . Wa-idhā lam yathiq al-nāẓir bi-istidāmat naẓarihi maʻa al-istiqāmah ʻadala ʻanhā ilá al-naẓar li-nafsihi , fa-ʻāda al-wahn ʻalá ʻamalihi wa-mā yakūn hādhā al-ʻazl illā ʻan fashal aw malal . Wa-qīla : laysa jazāʼa man sarraka an tasūʼahu . Wa-qāla baʻḍ al-ḥukamāʼ : man ḥasuna wadāduh qabuḥa istifsāduh.

Wa-al-ḍarb al-thānī : an yakūna al-ʻazl li-sababin daʻā ilayhi . Wa-asbābuhu takūn min thamāniyat awjuh . Aḥaduhā an yakūna sababuhu khiyānah ẓaharat minhu , fa-al-ʻazl min ḥuqūq al-siyāsah maʻa istirjāʻ al-khiyānah wa-al-muqābalah ʻalayhā bi-al-zawājir al-muqawwimah ; wa-lā yuʼākhadh fīhā bi-al-ẓunūn wa-al-tuham . Fa-qad qīla : man yakhun yahun . Wa-al-wajh al-thānī an yakūna sababuhu ʻajzuhu wa-quṣūr kifāyatihi , fa-al-ʻamal bi-al-ʻajz muḍāʻ . Wa-qad qīla al-ʻajz nāʼim wa-al-ḥazm yaqẓān . Wa-huwa naqṣ fī al-ʻājiz . Wa-an lam yakun dhanban fa-lā yajūz fī al-siyāsah iqrāruhu ʻalá al-ʻamal al-ladhī ʻajaza ʻanhu , thumma rūʻiya ʻajzuhu baʻda ʻazlihi , fa-in kāna li-thiql mā taqalladahu min al-ʻamal, jāza an yuqallada mā huwa asʹhal . Wa-an kāna li-quṣūr minnatihi wa-ḍaʻf ḥazmihi lam yakun ahlan li-taqlīd wa-lā ʻamal . Wa-qad ruwiya ʻan ʻUmar bn al-Khaṭṭāb raḍiya Allāh taʻālá ʻanhu annahu qāla : lā talzamū anfusakum ḥaqqa man lam yalzam nafsahu ḥaqqakum . Wa-al-wajh al-thālith an yakūna sabab ikhtilāl al-ʻamal min ʻasfihi aw min khurqihi ; fa-hādhā al-ʻamal zāʼid ʻalá al-kifāyah wa-khārij ʻan al-siyāsah , wa-al-wazīr al-muqallad fīhi bayna khiyārayn . Immā an yaʻzilahu bi-ghayrihi wa-immā an yakuffahu ʻan ʻasfihi wa-khurqihi in kaffa ; wa-yajūz an yakūna murṣadan li-taqlīd mā tadʻū al-siyāsah fīhi ilá al-ʻusūf li-man shāqqa wa-nāfara . Fa-qad qīla : li-kulli bināʼin uss wa-li-kulli turbatin ghars . Wa-al-wajh al-rābiʻ an yakūna sababuhu intishār al-ʻamal bihi min laynihi wa-qillat haybatihi , fa-hādhā al-sabab mūhin li-al-siyāsah wa-al-wazīr fīhi bayna khiyārayn . Immā an yaʻzilahu bi-man huwa aqwá wa-ahyab , wa-ammā an yaḍumma ilayhi man tatakāmal bihi al-qūwah wa-al-haybah, wa-khiyāruhu fīhi muʻtabar bi-al-aṣlaḥ . Wa-yajūz an yuqallada baʻda ṣarfihi mā lā yastaḍirr fīhi bi-ḍaʻfihi . Wa-qad qāla ʻAlī bn Abī Ṭālib karrama Allāh wajhahu : lā khayra fī muʻīnin mahīn wa-lā fī ṣadīqin ḍaʼīn . Wa-al-wajh al-khāmis an yakūna sababuhu faḍl kifāyatihi wa-ẓuhūr al-ḥājah ilayhi fī-mā huwa akthar min ʻamalihi , fa-hādhā ajmal wujūh al-ʻazl wa-laysa bi-ʻazl fī al-ḥaqīqah , wa-innamā huwa naql min ʻamal ilá ʻamal huwa ajall minhu , fa-ṣāra bi-hādhā al-ʻazl zāʼid al-rutbah . Wa-qad qāla baʻḍ al-bulaghāʼ : al-nās fī al-ʻamal rajulān ; rajul yajull bihi al-ʻamal li-faḍlihi wa-riyāsatihi. Wa-rajul yajull bi-al-ʻamal li-naqṣihi wa-danāʼatihi . Fa-man jalla bihi al-ʻamal izdāda tawāḍuʻan wa-yusran , wa-man jalla bi-al-ʻamal izdāda bihi sharafan wa-kibran . Wa-al-wajh al-sādis an yakūna sababuhu wujūd man huwa akfaʼ minhu , fa-yurāʻá ḥāl al-akfāʼ . Fa-in kāna faḍl kifāyatihi muʼaththiran fī ziyādat al-ʻamal bihi kāna min lawāzim al-siyāsah , wa-lam yasugh fīhā iqrāruhu ʻalá ʻamalihi . Wa-in lam yuʼaththir fī ziyādat al-ʻamal kāna ʻazl al-nāẓir min ṭarīq al-awlá fī taqdīm al-akfāʼ , wa-takhayyur al-aʻwān . Wa-in jāza fī al-siyāsah iqrār al-nāẓir ʻalá ʻamalihi li-nuhūḍihi bihi . Wa-qad qīla : idhā dhahaba al-mumayyiz halaka al-mubarriz . Wa-al-wajh al-sābiʻ an yakūna sababuhu an yakhṭuba ʻamalahu min al-kufāh man yabdhul ziyādatan fīhi ; fa-lā yajūz ʻazluhu bi-badhl al-ziyādah ḥattá yukshafa ʻan sababihā , fa-rubbamā yukhrijuhu bihā al-bādhil li-raghbatin fī al-ʻamal aw li-ʻadāwatin fī al-ʻāmil . Fa-in lam yaẓhar lahā baʻda al-kashf mūjib lam yajuz fī al-siyāsah ʻazluhu bi-hādhā al-badhl al-kādhib . Wa-kāna al-bādhil jadīran bi-al-ibʻād li-ibtidāʼihi bi-al-afʻāl . Fa-in ẓahara mūjib al-ziyādah lam yakhlu min thalāthat aqsām : aḥaduhā an yakūna li-taqṣīr