Section: Appointment and Dismissal

Rawá ʻĀṣim ʻan Dharr ʻan ʻAbd Allāh bin Masʻūd ʻan al-Nabī ṣallá Allāh ʻalayhi wa-sallam annahu qāla: « inna Allāh yuʼayyid al-dīn bi-al-rajul al-fājir » . Wa-mithl hādhā yustakfá bi-maʼūnah tamudduhu ; wa-murāʻāt turḍīhi , fa-innahu ka-al-sabʻ al-ḍārī in ajaʻtahu hāja ; wa-in ashbaʻtahu lāna , li-yakūn madhkhūran li-al-ḥājah . Fa-inna li-al-zamān khuṭūban lā tandafiʻ illā bi-shirār ahlihi . Kamā qāla Ḥudhayfah bin al-Yamān li-rajul : a-yasurruka an taghlib sharr al-nās ? Qāla : naʻam ! Qāla : innaka lan taghlibahu ḥattá takūn sharran minhu . Fa-tuʻidduhu li-khuṭūb al-sharr idhā ṭaraqat fa-innahu bihā akhbar ; wa-ʻalá dafʻihā aqdar ; wa-li-ahlihā aqhar ; fa-inna al-ḥadīd bi-al-ḥadīd yuflaḥ . Wa-yastakiff ilá janbihā bi-mā yadfaʻ bādiyat sharrihi ; wa-yaqṭaʻ ghāʼilat makrihi ; wa-in kānat ḍarāwat al-sharr ajdhab , fa-ṭibāʻ al-nufūs aghlab . Wa-qad qāla baʻḍ al-ḥukamāʼ : mukhālaṭat al-ashrār khaṭar , wa-al-ṣabr ʻalá ṣuḥbatihim ka-rukūb al-baḥr alladhī man salima badanahu min al-talaf fīhi , lam yaslam bi-qalbihi min al-ḥadhar minhu . Fa-in wajadta min hādhā al-dāhiyah futūran fī himmatihi , wa-quṣūran fī minnatihi ; kānat sirāyat makrihi anzar ; wa-taʼthīruhu fī al-khuṭūb aysar . Wa-in kāna ʻālī al-himmah qawī al-minnah yataṭāwal ilá maʻālī al-umūr , kānat sirāyat makrihi awfar , wa-taʼthīruhu fī al-khuṭūb akthar . Fa-aʻṭihi fī kull ḥāl min amrayhi min al-ḥadhar wa-al-sukūn ; bi-ḥasab mā taqtaḍīhi himmatuhu wa-tabʻath ʻalayhi minnatuhu , li-yakūn qānūnaka mustaqīman ; wa-min dahāʼ makrihi salīman ; lā yanāluka khawar min saraf , wa-lā istirsāl min taqṣīr , qad jaʻala Allāh li-kull shayʼ qadaran . Fa-hādhā tafṣīl mā ishtamala ʻalayhi al-ʻaqd wa-al-ḥall wa-Allāh aʻlam

Faṣl

( al-taqlīd wa-al-ʻazl )

Wa-ammā tafṣīl mā ishtamala ʻalayhi al-taqlīd wa-al-ʻazl ; wa-huwa al-shaṭr al-thānī . Fa-al-taqlīd ʻalá ḍarbayn : taqlīd taqrīr ; wa-taqlīd tadbīr . Fa-ammā taqlīd al-taqrīr fa-huwa fī-mā yustaʼnaf inshāʼ qawāʻidihi , wa-yabtadiʼ taqrīr rusūmihi , wa-huwa ʻalá thalāthat aqsām

Aḥaduhā : an yakūn fī khāṣṣ yaqdir al-wazīr ʻalá mubāsharatihi , fa-al-wazīr akhaṣṣ bi-taqrīrihi wa-aḥaqq bi-tanfīdhihi . Li-annahā uṣūl muʼabbadah min khawāṣṣ naẓarihi , fa-in qallada ʻalayhā wa-istanāba fīhā kāna taqṣīran minhu fī-mā jalla , wa-maʻdhūran fīhi in qalla . Wa-lam yakun li-man qalladahu tanfīdh taqrīrihi illā ʻan idhnihi , wa-illā kāna ʻazlan khafīyan . Li-annahu yaṣīr multaziman wa-qad kāna mulziman , wa-muḥakkaman wa-qad kāna ḥākiman

Wa-al-qism al-thānī : an yakūn al-taqlīd fī-mā baʻuda ʻanhu wa-yumkin istīmāruhu fīhi , fa-yajūz an yastanīb fī taqrīrihi wa-yakūn mawqūfan ʻalá imḍāʼ al-wazīr wa-tanfīdhihi. Wa-lā yajmaʻ al-mustanāb bayna al-amrayn li-yakūn al-taqlīd maqṣūran ʻalá al-taqrīr wa-al-tanfīdh ; kāna fīhi mutajawwizan illā an yuʼmar bihi fa-yaṣīr al-amr mutajawwizan illā ʻan iḍṭirār yazūl maʻahu ḥukm al-ikhtiyār

Wa-al-qism al-thālith : an yakūn al-taqlīd fī-mā baʻuda ʻanhu wa-yataʻadhdhar istīmāruhu fīhi , fa-yajūz an yastanīb fīhi man yajmaʻ bayna taqrīrihi wa-tanfīdhihi , idhā takāmalat fīhi thalāthat shurūṭ : aḥaduhā al-kifāyah allatī tanhaḍ bi-mā fī al-taqrīr . Wa-al-thānī : al-haybah allatī yuṭāʻ bihā fī al-tanfīdh . Wa-al-thālith : al-amānah allatī takiff ʻan al-istirshāʼ wa-al-khiyānah . Baʻda takāmul al-shurūṭ al-muʻtabarah fī jamīʻ al-wilāyāt wa-hiya thalāthah : al-ʻaql wa-al-diyānah wa-al-murūʼah . Fa-lā fusḥah fī taqlīd man akhalla bi-aḥadihā li-quṣūrihi ʻan ḥaqqihā wa-khurūjihi min ahlihā . Wa-innamā yakhtalif mā-siwāhā bi-ikhtilāf al-wilāyāt wa-in kānat hādhihi mustaḥaqqah fī jamīʻihā . Wa-qad qāla Kisrá Abrawīz : man iʻtamada ʻalá kufāt al-sūʼ ; lam yakhlu min raʼy fāsid , wa-ẓann kādhib , wa-ʻadd wa-ghālib . Wa-qad qāla baʻḍ al-ḥukamāʼ : lā tastakfiyanna makhdūʻan ʻan ʻaqlihi ; wa-al-makhdūʻ man bulligha bihi qadar lā yastaḥiqquhu , wa-uthība thawāban lā yastawjibuhu

Wa-ammā taqlīd al-tadbīr: fa-huwa al-naẓar fī-mā istaqarrat rusūmuhu wa-tamahhadat qawāʻiduhu wa-huwa mushtarak bayna al-wazīr wa-bayna al-nāẓir fīhi : lākin yakhtaṣṣ al-wazīr bi-murāʻātihi , wa-al-nāẓir bi-mubāsharatihi . Wa-huwa ḍarbān : aḥaduhumā tadbīr al-ajnād , wa-al-thānī tadbīr al-amwāl

Fa-ammā tadbīr al-ajnād fa-lā yastaghnī al-wazīr ʻan taqlīd safīr fīhi ; wa-in kānū yulāqūnahu li-yaḥfaẓ bi-al-safīr ḥishmat wizāratihi ; wa-lā yaqif aghrāḍ ajnādihi ; wa-qad inṣāna ʻan laghaṭ kalāmihim wa-jafwat ṭibāʻihim . Wa-al-aghlab ʻalá tadbīrihim al-raʼy wa-al-siyāsah fa-yuʻtabar fī al-mukhtār li-hādhā al-taqlīd sittah shurūṭ : aḥaduhā al-haybah allatī taqūduhum ilá ṭāʻatihi ; li-annahu yaqūm bi-tadbīr dhawī saṭwah fa-iḥtāja maʻahum ilá qūwat al-haybah : wa-al-thānī an yakūn min dhawī al-raʼy wa-al-siyāsah ; li-yaqūdahum bi-raʼyihi ilá al-ṣawāb wa-tuwaqqifahum siyāsatuhu ʻalá al-istiqāmah : wa-al-thālith an yakūn mutawaṣṣilan ilá istiʻṭāf al-qulūb wa-ijtimāʻ al-kalimah ; li-yaslamū min ikhtilāf aw munāfarah : wa-al-rābiʻ an yakūn baynahu wa-bayna al-ajnād , munāsabah fī al-ṭibāʻ wa-mushākalah fī al-akhlāq , yamtazijūn bihā fī al-muwāfaqah wa-lā yakhtalifūn fīhā bi-al-mubāyanah : wa-al-khāmis an yakūn salīm al-bāṭin ṣaḥīḥ al-muʻtaqad , li-annahu yaṣīr akhaṣṣ bihim wa-yaṣīrūn aṭwaʻ lahu : wa-al-sādis mā ikhtalafa bi-ikhtilāf al-ḥāl , fa-in kāna fī zamān al-silm uʻtubira fīhi al-anāh wa-al-sukūn , wa-in kāna fī zamān al-ḥarb uʻtubira fīhi al-iqdām wa-al-saṭwah ; li-yakūn maṭbūʻan ʻalá mā yuḍāhī ḥāl zamānihi . Fa-qad qīla : khayr al-sajāyā mā wāfaqa al-ḥājah . Fa-idhā ẓafira bi-man istakmalahā ـ wa-baʻīd an yaẓfar bihi illā an yuʻān bi-al-tawfīq ـ wajaba taqlīduhu ; wa-lazimat munāṣafatuhu fī al-ḥuqūq allatī lahu wa-ʻalayhi li-yadūm wa-yastaqīm . Wa-qad qīla fī manthūr al-ḥikam : man qaḍayta wājibahu amanta jānibahu . Wa-qīla : aghni man wallaytahu ʻan al-khiyānah , fa-laysa yakfīka man lam takfihi

Wa-ammā tadbīr al-amwāl : fa-al-wazīr yuṣān ʻan mubāsharatihā ; wa-innamā yaḥfaẓ dakhlahā bi-al-haybah wa-al-istiẓhār ; wa-yaḍbiṭ kharjahā bi-al-ḥājah wa-al-iḍṭirār . Wa-al-taqlīd ʻalá kull wāḥid minhumā shurūṭ

Fa-ammā shurūṭ al-taqlīd ʻalá mubāsharat dakhlihā ; fa-khamsat shurūṭ : aḥaduhā an yakūn maṭbūʻan ʻalá al-ʻadl , li-yunṣif wa-yantaṣif : wa-al-thānī an yakūn mutadayyinan bi-al-amānah ; li-yastawfī wa-yūfī : wa-al-thālith an yakūn kāfiyan , li-yaḍbiṭ bi-kifāyatihi wa-lā yuḍayyiʻ bi-ʻajzihi : wa-al-rābiʻ an yakūn khabīran bi-ʻamalihi ; yaʻrif wujūh mawāridihi wa-asbāb ziyādatihi : wa-al-khāmis an yakūn rafīqan bi-muʻāmalatihi ghayr ʻasūf wa-lā akhraq . Ḥukiya anna al-Iskandar kataba ilá muʻallimihi li-yastashīrahu fī ʻummālihi . Fa-kataba ilayhi : man kāna lahu ʻabīd fa-aḥsana siyāsatahum fa-wallihi al-jund , wa-man kānat lahu ḍayʻah fa-aḥsana tadbīrahā fa-wallihi al-kharāj . Wa-waṣafa ʻUmar bin ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Ziyādan fa-qāla : kāna yajmaʻ jamʻ al-dharrah , wa-yaḥnū ḥanw al-umm al-barrah . Wa-hādhihi aḥsan sīrah li-ʻāmil , wa-alṭaf ḥālah li-muʻāmal , yaḥẓá bihi man wallāhu wa-yasʻad bihi man wulliya ʻalayhi . Wa-bi-mithlihā yaʻumm al-ṣalāḥ wa-tatimm al-istiqāmah

Wa-ammā shurūṭ al-taqlīd ʻalá mubāsharat kharjihā baʻda al-amānah allatī hiya mashrūṭah fī kull wilāyah , fa-muʻtabarah bi-aḥwāl al-kharj . Wa-yanqasim thalāthat aqsām : aḥaduhā mā kāna rātiban ʻan rusūm mustaqirrah ka-arzāq al-juyūsh ; fa-li-al-taqlīd ʻalayhi sharṭān , maʻrifat maqādīrihā , wa-maʻrifat mustaḥiqqīhā : wa-al-qism al-thānī mā kāna ʻāriḍan ʻan umūr taqaddamatʹhā , wa-al-nāẓir maʼmūr bihā ka-al-ṣilāt wa-ḥawādith al-nafaqāt , fa-li-al-taqlīd ʻalayhi sharṭān , wuqūfihā ʻalá al-awāmir ; wa-maʻrifat aghrāḍ al-āmir : wa-al-qism al-thālith mā kāna ʻāriḍan fuwwiḍa ilá raʼy al-nāẓir wa-wukkila ilá taqrīrihi , ka-al-maṣāliḥ wa-al-nafaqāt wa-al-taqlīd ʻalayhi awfá shurūṭihā , li-wuqūfihā ʻalá ijtihādihi wa-taqdīrihi ; fa-yaḥtāj maʻa al-amānah ilá thalāthat shurūṭ , aḥaduhā maʻrifat wujūh al-kharj ḥattá lā yuṣraf fī ghayr ḥaqq , wa-al-thānī al-iqtiṣād fīhi ḥattá lā yufḍī ilá saraf wa-lā taqṣīr , wa-al-thālith istiṣlāḥ al-athmān wa-al-ujūr fī ghayr taḥayyuf wa-lā ghabn