The treatise on the survival of the soul after the perishing of the body, with its commentary

Bism Allāh al-raḥmah al-raḥīm

Qāla ʻallāmat al-ʻālam Naṣīr al-millah wa-al-dīn rasama al-mawlá al-ʻālim al-fāḍil Muʼayyid al-dawlah wa-al-dīn qudwat al-muhandisīn an aktubahu shayʼan ifādat al-ḥukamāʼ al-muḥaqqiqūn fī baqāʼ al-nafs al-insānīyah baʻda bawār al-badan fa-lam ajid buddan min imtithāl marsūmihi wa-in kuntu qalīl al-biḍāʻah fī hādhihi al-ṣināʻah wa-kāna mā yufraḍu min ghayāʼib al-ʻulūm fa-huwa fī janb ʻulūmihi ( ʻilmihi ) al-daqīqah qalīl al-qadr ṣaghīr al-bunyān wa-badaʼtu bi-muqaddimāt yanbanī ʻalayhā al-maṭlūb wa-saʼaltu min Allāh al-ʻiṣmah fī al-maqāl wa-al-tawfīq bi-ṣawāliḥ al-aʻmāl innahu mulhim al-ʻaql wa-walī al-khayr min al-mabdaʼ wa-ilayhi al-maʻād

Aqūlu al-mawjūdāt tanqasimu ilá mā-lahu waḍʻ wa-ilá mā-lā waḍʻa lahu al-battah wa-naʻnī bi-al-waḍʻ al-kawn fī jihah min al-jihāt aw ḥayyiz min al-aḥyāz bi-ḥaythu yumkinu an yushāra ilá al-mawṣūf bihi ishārah ḥissīyah fa-jamīʻ al-maḥsūsāt ka-al-alwān wa-al-aṣwāt wa-al-rawāʼiḥ wa-al-ṭuʻūm wa-al-malmūsāt wa-kull mā yataʻallaqu bi-al-maḥsūsāt min maḥāllihā wa-amkinatihā wa-maqādīrihā wa-al-ashyāʼ al-ḥāllah fīhā wa-mā yajrī majrāhā jawharan kāna am ʻaraḍan fa-hiya dhawāt awḍāʻ wa-mā ʻadā dhālika min al-umūr al-kullīyah al-maʻqūlah maḥsūsah kānat ashkhāṣuhā aw ghayr maḥsūsah wa-al-juzʼīyāt al-mufāriqah lil-mawādd ka-al-Bārī taʻālá aw al-ʻuqūl aw al-nufūs wa-mā yaʻriḍu lahā aw yaḥillu fīhā fa-hiya mimmā lā waḍʻa lahu wa-kull mudrik li-shayʼ min al-mawjūdāt bi-taqdīrihi mithāl li-dhālika al-mawjūd fa-in adraka bi-nafsihi rasama dhālika fī nafsihi wa-idhā adraka bi-al-ālah irtasama fī tilka al-ālah mithāl al-idrak bi-al-ālah al-ibṣār wa-al-iḥsās bi-al-samʻ wa-sāyir al-idrākāt al-ḥissīyah wa-mithāl al-idrāk bi-ghayr al-ālah idrāk al-insān nafsahu wa-dhātahu sabab aʻnī badanahu alladhī yudrikuhu bi-ḥawāssihi wa-idhā aḥassa al-muḥiss bi-shayʼ irtasama fī al-khayāl shabaj li-dhālika al-shayʼ aw rasm mā yulāḥiẓuhu fī al-nawm wa-al-yaqẓah maʻa ghaybat dhālika al-maḥsūs mahmā arāda wa-innamā yudriku dhālika al-shabaj aw al-rasm min ghayr mulāḥaẓah li-waḍʻihi in-kāna min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ (1) bi-khilāf al-ḥiss fa-inna al-ḥiss yudrikuhu maʻa waḍʻihi wa-yatawahhamu maʻa dhālika minhu maʻānī ghayr maḥsūsah ka-al-mulāʼamah wa-al-munāfarah wa-al-istīnās wa-al-istīḥāsh wa-al-ṣadāqah wa-al-ʻadāwah wa-ghayr dhālika wa-hiya umūr juzʼīyah tataʻallaqu bi-al-juzʼīyāt maḥsūsah kānat aw ghayr maḥsūsah wa-hādhā al-takhayyul wa-al-tawahhum ayḍan yakūnu lil-nafs bi-ālāt dimāghīyah wa-yusammá bi-al-iḥsāsāt al-bāṭinah

Iʻlam anna ākhira mā waṣala ilayhi al-ʻilm fī masʼalat al-nafs wa-tajarrudihā huwa bayān āthārihā al-ẓāhirah wa-khawāṣṣihā al-lāzimah allatī yustadallu bihā ʻalá wujūd jawhar ghayr māddī huwa maṣdar hādhihi al-quwá al-ẓāhirah kamā yustadallu ʻalá wujūd al-muʼaththir bi-atharihi naẓīr istikshāf al-jādhibīyah wa-sāʼir al-quwá al-fīzīkīyah ʻan ẓawāhir al-ṭabīʻah min dūn an tankashifa ḥaqīqat tilka al-quwá wa-hādhā shaʼn al-ʻaql fī ḥukmihi bi-wujūd al-muʼaththir ʻinda dark al-athar ḥukman jazmīyan wa-hādhā sabīl ittakhadhat-hu al-falsafah al-rūḥīyah fī izāḥat al-niqāb ʻan wajh hādhā al-sirr al-ghāmiḍ mundhu al-ʻaṣr al-qadīm wa-lan tablugha ilá martabah fawqa hādhihi al-martabah wa-law badhalat kull juhdihā ( yasʼalūnaka ʻan al-rūḥ qul al-rūḥ min amr rabbī wa-mā ūtītum min al-ʻilm illā qalīlan ) wa-li-dhālika tará anna ghāyat mā atá bihi al-faylasūf fī al-risālah an abāna āthāran khāṣṣah lil-nafs lā yaṣiḥḥu ẓuhūruhā illā min jawhar ghayr māddī taẓharu minhu hādhihi al-āthār wa-mahhada ʻiddat muqaddimāt yanbanī ʻalayhā ithbāt al-maqṣūd wa-yaḥkumu bi-ṣiḥḥatihā al-ʻaql wa-taqḍī ʻalá ṣidqihā al-badīhah min ghayr tarawwin wa-shakk mufād al-muqaddimah al-ūlá huwa anna al-mawjūdāt bi-asrihā tanqasimu ilá mā-lahu waḍʻ wa-ilá mā-lā waḍʻa lahu wa-al-awwal ʻibārah ʻan kawn al-shayʼ fī jihah min al-jihāt aw fī ḥayyiz min al-aḥyāz bi-ḥaythu yaqaʻu al-mawṣūf bihi taḥta al-ishārah al-ḥissīyah wa-yadkhulu taḥta hādhā al-qism al-māddah wa-jamīʻ al-quwá al-fīzīkīyah ḥaythu yaqaʻu jamīʻuhā taḥta dark al-ḥawāss al-ẓāhirīyah li-annahā lā tanfaṣilu ʻan al-māddah ʻalá al-naẓarīyah al-ḥadīthah wa-al-māddah dhāt waḍʻ wa-al-ḥāl fīhā yakūnu ayḍan dhā waḍʻ ʻalá mā yaʼnī fī al-muqaddimah al-thāniyah fa-jamīʻ mā tudrikuhu al-ḥawāss al-ẓāhirīyah ka-al-alwān wa-al-aṣwāt wa-al-rawāʼiḥ wa-al-ṭuʻūm wa-al-malmūsāt wa-kull mā yataʻallaqu bihā min maḥāllihā wa-amkinatihā wa-maqādīrihā wa-al-ashyāʼ al-ḥāllah fīhā wa-mā yajrī majrāhā jawharan kāna aw ʻaraḍan fa-hiya dhawāt awḍāʻ wa-mā ʻadā dhālika min al-umūr al-kullīyah al-maʻqūlah allatī lā taqaʻu bi-nafsihā taḥta fiʻl al-ḥawāss al-ẓāhirīyah wa-in waqaʻat ashkhāṣuhā taḥta al-ḥiss wa-lā yumkinu an yushāra ilayhā bi-nafsihā ishārah ḥissīyah ka-al-insān al-kullī alladhī lā yumkinu an yushāra ilayhi ishārah ḥissīyah wa-in ṣaḥḥat al-ishārah ilá afrādihi al-mutashakhkhiṣīn wa-ka-dhālika al-juzʼīyāt al-mufāriqah lil-mawādd ka-al-Bārī taʻālá ʻazza ismuhu ḥaythu innahu juzʼī yamtaniʻu ṣidquhu ʻalá al-kathīrīn munazzah min an yakūna min sinkh al-māddah wa-al-māddīyāt aw al-ʻuqūl wa-al-nufūs wa-mā yaʻriḍu lahā aw yaḥillu fīhā fa-hiya mimmā lā waḍʻa lahu wa-lā yaqaʻu taḥta dark al-ḥawāss al-ẓāhirīyah wa-yaḥṣulu al-idrāk bi-nawʻayn bi-wāsiṭat al-ālah wa-bi-lā wāsiṭat al-ālah wa-ʻinda idrāk al-mudrik al-mawjūdāt bi-asrihā wa-bi-taqdīrihi yaḥduthu ʻinda al-mudrik mithāl lil-mawjūd al-mudrak fa-in adraka bi-wāsiṭat al-ālah irtasama al-mithāl fī al-ālah wa-in adraka bi-nafsihi irtasama fī al-nafs maththala al-faylasūf lil-awwal al-iḥsās bi-al-samʻ wa-al-ibṣār nāẓiran bihi ilá raʼy al-qudamāʼ ay kawn al-quwwah mūdaʻah fī nafs al-ālah wa-lākin lā yakhtallu bi-dhālika asās al-burhān baʻda an tufraḍa al-ālah nafs al-khalīyah al-mukhkhīyah lā al-udhun wa-al-ʻayn fa-inna al-ghāyah taqsīm al-idrāk bi-nawʻayn bi-al-ālah sawāʼ a-kānat khalīyah mukhkhīyah am al-udhun wa-al-ʻayn wa-bi-ghayr al-ālah wa-maththala lil-thānī ay al-idrāk bi-ghayr al-ālah idrāk al-insān nafsahu fa-inna hādhā al-qism min al-idrāk laysa bi-wāsiṭat al-ālah wa-in kāna iḥsās al-badan sabab ḥudūth hādhā al-idrāk

al-mutammah : wa-idhā taqarrara dhālika fa-naqūlu irtisām al-shayʼ fī ghayrihi aw al-ḥulūl fīhi qad yakūnu ʻalá sabīl al-sarayān ka-irtisām al-ṣūrah fī saṭḥ al-mirʼāt wa-al-sawād fī al-jism wa-qad lā yakūnu ka-dhālika ka-ḥulūl al-nuqṭah fī al-khaṭṭ wa-al-khaṭṭ fī al-saṭḥ wa-al-saṭḥ fī al-jism fa-inna al-nuqṭah lā tasrī fī ṭūl al-khaṭṭ wa-lā al-khaṭṭ fī ʻarḍ al-saṭḥ wa-lā al-saṭḥ fī ʻumq al-jism wa-idhā irtasama shayʼ fī shayʼ aw ḥalla shayʼ fī shayʼ ʻalá sabīl al-sarayān bi-ḥaythu lā yakūnu bayna al-ḥāll wa-al-maḥall imtiyāz fī al-ḥiss kānat al-ishārah al-ḥissīyah ilá kull wāḥid minhumā hiya al-ishārah ilá al-ākhar idh lā yumayyizu baynahumā ḥissan fa-kull mā irtasama aw ḥalla fī dhī waḍʻ aw irtasama aw ḥalla fīhi dhū waḍʻ fa-huwa dhū waḍʻ wa-ayḍan kull dhī waḍʻ irtasama aw ḥalla fī shayʼ aw ḥalla fīhi shayʼ fa-dhālika al-shayʼ ayḍan dhū waḍʻ (1)

al-sharḥ : mufād hādhā al-kalām anna irtisām al-shayʼ fī ghayrihi aw al-ḥulūl fīhi qad yakūnu ʻalá sabīl al-sarayān ka-irtisām al-ṣūrah fī saṭḥ (1) al-mirʼāh wa-al-sawād fī al-jasad fa-inna irtisāmahā ʻalá sabīl (2) al-sarayān wa-qad lā yakūnu ʻalá sabīl al-sarayān ka-ḥulūl al-nuqṭah fī al-khaṭṭ wa-al-khaṭṭ fī al-saṭḥ wa-al-saṭḥ fī al-jism fa-inna al-nuqṭah lā sarayāna lahā fī ṭūl al-khaṭṭ wa-lā lil-khaṭṭ fī al-saṭḥ wa-lā lil-saṭḥ fī ʻumq al-jism thumma innahu idhā irtasama shayʼ fī shayʼ aw ḥalla shayʼ fī shayʼ ʻalá sabīl al-sarayān bi-ḥaythu irtafaʻa al-mayz bayna al-ḥāll wa-al-maḥall kānat al-ishārah (3) ilá kull wāḥid minhumā hiya al-ishārah ilá al-ākhar fa-inna al-taghāyur innamā yaḥṣulu fī al-ashyāʼ bi-sabab al-imtiyāz al-khāṣṣ baynahā wa-al-imtiyāz idhā irtafaʻa yantafī al-taghāyur wa-idhā tamahhada hādhā naqūlu idhā kāna al-ḥāll fī al-shayʼ aw al-maḥall alladhī ḥalla fīhi al-shayʼ dhā waḍʻ yakūnu al-ḥāll aw al-maḥall ayḍan dhā waḍʻ fa-innahu lā yuʻqalu an yaḥilla al-shayʼ alladhī lā yumkinu an yushāra ilayhi bi-wajh min al-wujūh ishārah ḥissīyah an yakūna ḥāllan fī shayʼ aw maḥallan li-shayʼ fa-idhā taḥaqqaqa ṣifat al-waḍʻ fī jānib al-ḥāll fa-lā budda min taḥaqquqihi fī jānib al-maḥall wa-ka-dhālika idhā taḥaqqaqat fī jānib al-maḥall fa-lā budda min taḥaqquqihi fī jānib al-ḥāll idhā lā ṣilah bayna mā lā yumkinu wuqūʻuhu taḥta dark al-ḥawāss wa-al-ishārah al-ḥissīyah bi-wajh min al-wujūh wa-bayna mā yumkinu wuqūʻuhu taḥta dark al-ḥawāss wa-al-ishārah wa-bi-ʻibārah ukhrá anna ghayr dhī al-waḍʻ min sinkh al-mujarrad wa-dhū al-waḍʻ min sinkh al-māddī wa-kadalika idhā irtasama mā lā waḍʻa lahu fī shayʼ fa-yustakshafu anna al-murtasam fīhi ayḍan ghayr dhī waḍʻ li-anna irtisām ghayr dhī al-waḍʻ fī dhī al-waḍʻ ghayr maʻqūl (1) fa-bi-dhālika yaẓharu anna al-quwá al-fīzīkīyah al-ḥāllah fī dharrāt al-māddah dhawāt awḍāʻ lā imkān al-ishārah al-ḥissīyah ilayhā li-kawn maḥallihā māddah dhāt waḍʻ lā siyyamā ʻalá al-naẓarīyah al-ḥadīthah allatī tajʻalu al-māddah ṣūrah min ṣuwar al-quwwah al-kāminah fī al-dharrāt akthar istiqrāran fa-bināʼ ʻalayhā lā imtiyāz bayna al-quwwah wa-al-māddah wa-lā ithnīnīyah fa-bi-dhālika yaẓharu annahu lā yumkinu an takūna al-nafs min qism al-quwá al-fīzīkīyah wa-talāʻub tilka al-quwá mīkānīkā kamā yanziʻu ilayhi al-māddī li-anna baʻḍ al-āthār tadullu ʻalá annahā laysat min qabīl dhawāt al-awḍāʻ

al-mutammah : lā yuqālu al-ṣuwar al-khayālīyah wa-mā yajrī majrāhā laysat bi-dhawāt awḍāʻ wa-hiya tartasimu fī mutakhayyilāt al-ḥayawānāt allatī hiya dhawāt awḍāʻ li-annā naqūlu hiya min ḥaythu irtisāmuhā fī dhawāt al-awḍāʻ li-anna al-ishārah ilá maḥāllihā ishārah ilayhā wa-innamā al-khayāl idhā adrakahā intazaʻahā min awḍāʻihā allatī kānat qubayla al-intizāʻ maʻahā wajadat lahā waḍʻ ākhar huwa waḍʻ al-juzʼ min al-dimāgh alladhī huwa maḥall al-khayāl min ḥaythu kawnuhu fī dhālika al-juzʼ wa-li-fuqdān awḍāʻihā al-muntazaʻah minhā yuẓannu an lā waḍʻa lahā wa-lā munāfāt bayna kawn al-shayʼ dhā waḍʻ wa-bayna idrāk dhī waḍʻ lā-min ḥaythu huwa-dhū waḍʻ bal min ḥaythu huwa muntazaʻ min waḍʻihi al-awwal fa-idhan thabata anna al-ṣuwar al-khayālīyah dhawāt awḍāʻ min ḥaythu irtisāmuhā fī al-khayāl wa-in kāna al-khayāl lā yudrikuhā maʻa al-awḍāʻ al-sābiqah al-mufāriqah lahā

al-sharḥ : wa-sharḥ hādhā al-kalām bi-uslūb as-hal huwa annahu rubbamā lā yastaqīmu istiḥālat irtisām mā-lā waḍʻa lahu fī mā lahu waḍʻ idhā taṣawwarnā irtisām al-ṣuwar al-khayālīyah allatī lā waḍʻa lahā ḥaythu lā taqaʻu taḥta al-ishārah al-ḥissīyah bi-al-ḥawāss al-ẓāhirīyah fī mutakhayyilāt al-ḥayawānāt allatī hiya min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ wa-lākin al-ḥaqīqah turshiduna ilá anna al-ṣuwar al-khayālīyah min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ li-anna tilka al-ṣuwar muttaḥidah fī al-khārij maʻa dhī al-ṣuwar ghāyat al-amr anna al-quwwah al-mutakhayyilah tatanazzaʻuhā min awḍāʻihā wa-lā shakka anna al-ishārah ilá maḥāllihā ishārah ilá tilka al-ṣuwar al-ḥāllah fī maḥāllihā fa-yakūnu ʻalá dhālika min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ wa-idhā intazaʻahā al-khayāl fa-hiya tantaqilu fī maḥall al-quwwah al-mutakhayyilah wa-huwa juzʼ min al-dimāgh ʻalá raʼy al-qudamāʼ wa-al-ḥuwayṣilāt al-khāṣṣah bi-al-ḥiss ʻalá al-raʼy al-ḥadīth ( fa-ḥ ) . wujida lahā waḍʻ ākhar ay al-dimāgh fa-li-fuqdān awḍāʻihā al-muntazaʻah minhā yuẓannu bi-an lā waḍʻa lahā ghāyat al-amr anna al-awḍāʻ al-awwalīyah fuqidat wa-wujidat lahā awḍāʻ ukhrá fa-fī al-ḥālah al-thāniyah hiya ayḍan dhawāt awḍāʻ

al-mutammah : idhā taqarrara dhālika fa-naqūlu anna al-nafs al-insānīyah al-ʻāqilah yartasimu fīhā maʻqūlāt lā waḍʻa lahā fa-hiya lā takūnu dhāt waḍʻ

al-sharḥ : li-anna ghayr dhī al-waḍʻ ka-al-maʻqūlāt allatī hiya ghayr muntazaʻah ʻan al-ṣuwar al-khārijīyah bal hiya amr adrakahu al-ʻaql ka-taʻaqqul iḥtiyāj al-khalq al-maʻlūl ilá al-ʻillah al-ūlá al-khāliqah lā yumkinu an yartasima fī mā-lahu waḍʻ wāqiʻ taḥta dark ḥāssah wāḥidah aw akthar

wa-bi-ʻibārah ukhrá lā yutaṣawwaru an yataʻaqqala al-jism bi-ṣifatihi al-jismīyah aw mā yudrikuhu al-ḥawāss min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ maʻná iftiqār al-maʻlūl ilá al-ʻillah ( fa-lā yakūnu jisman ) li-anna min khawāṣṣ al-jism an yudrikahu al-ḥawāss wa-thabata anna mā yudrikuhu al-ḥawāss lā yumkinu an yartasima fīhi al-maʻqūl li-annahu yakūnu dhā waḍʻ ( wa-lā yakūnu ḥālah fī dhī waḍʻ ) li-anna mā irtasama aw ḥalla fī dhī al-waḍʻ fa-huwa ayḍan dhū waḍʻ ( wa-lā yakūnu ṣūrah jismānīyah ) fa-hādhā mutafarriʻ ʻalá al-sābiq li-annahu idhā lam yakun jisman fa-yalzamu an lā yakūna ṣūrah jismānīyah ( wa-lā ʻaraḍan min shaʼnihi an yaḥilla fī jism ) li-annahā idhā kānat mustaʻiddah lil-ḥulūl ʻalá dhawāt al-awḍāʻ fa-takūnu min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ bināʼ ʻalá al-muqaddimah al-sālifah wa-al-farḍ annahu thabata annahā laysat min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ ( wa-lā quwwah badanīyah ) li-anna al-quwá al-badanīyah lā taṣduru minhā afāʻīl al-nafs al-mukhtaṣṣah bihā al-mustaḥīlah ṣudūruhā ʻan al-jism

al-mutammah : ( bal innamā takūnu jawharan qāʼiman bi-dhātihi mufāriqan lil-jism wa-al-māddah mutaʻalliqan bi-al-badan taʻalluq tadbīr lahā wa-li-taṣarruf minhā li-yastaʻmilahu istiʻmāl ṣāniʻ li-ālātihi wa-tufīdu al-badan ṣūrah bihā tajʻaluhu shakhṣan min al-ashkhāṣ al-insānīyah ) wa-lammā mahhada al-faylasūf hādhihi al-muqaddimāt sharaʻa bi-dhikr al-barāhīn allatī hiya mablagh ʻilm al-falāsifah wa-al-ʻulamāʼ fī masʼalat tajarrud al-nafs wa-mā-hiya kamā aslafnāhu illā kashf al-ḥaqīqah ʻan ẓuhūr āthārihā al-khāṣṣah fa-dhakara ʻiddat barāhīn minhā

al-mutammah : ( kayfa lā wa-jamīʻ al-quwá al-jismānīyah ka-al-ḥawāss al-ẓāhirah wa-al-bāṭinah wa-ghayrihā taḍʻufu baʻda sinn al-wuqūf wa-hiya taqwá idh yaṣīru taʻaqquluhā adaqq wa-atamm wa-akmal )

al-sharḥ : dhakarnā fī al-abḥāth al-sālifah anna al-naẓarīyah al-ḥadīthah taqūlu anna al-quwwah ghayr munfaṣilah ʻan al-māddah wa-hiya kāminah fī dharrāt al-māddah tatbaʻu fī nashāṭihā wa-ḍaʻfihā ʻalá inḥilāl al-māddah wa-intishār dharrātihā fa-kullamā ufqidat al-māddah min dharrātihā tafqidu bi-miqdārihā min quwwatihā al-kāminah fa-law kānat ḥaqīqat al-nafs min talāʻub tilka al-quwá al-mawjūdah fī al-dharrāt kamā yaqūlu bihi al-māddī la-kānat tābiʻah fī al-ḍaʻf wa-al-nashāṭ lil-dharrāt allatī takawwana minhā al-badan wa-ḥallat fīhā al-quwwah wa-al-amr ʻalá ḍidd dhālika fa-innā nará al-nafs al-nāṭiqah al-insānīyah tataraqqá fī darajāt al-kamāl kullamā yahbiṭu al-badan wa-quwāhu al-badanīyah ka-al-khawāṣṣ al-ẓāhirah wa-al-bāṭinah min mablagh kamālihā kamā fī dawr al-shaykhūkhah wa-al-haram fa-fī hādhā al-dawr min al-ʻumr mathalan yaqwá taʻaqqul al-insān wa-yatakammalu idrākuhu fa-bi-dhālika yaẓharu anna al-nafs al-nāṭiqah laysat hiya talāʻub al-quwá al-kāminah fī dharrāt al-badan .

al-mutammah : ( wa-tilka lā tudriku anfusahā wa-hiya tudriku nafsahā wa-tilka lā tudriku mā yataʻallaqu bihā )

al-sharḥ : wa-hādhā burhān thān li-tajarrud al-nafs wa-mufāduhu annahu tabayyana anna al-ʻilm wa-al-taʻaqqul wa-amthālahumā min al-awṣāf wa-al-ʻawāriḍ al-ghanīyah ʻan al-maḥall lā taqūmu bi-al-maḥall idh thabata anna mā lā yaḥillu fī mā lahu waḍʻ fa-huwa mimmā lā waḍʻa lahu wa-lā yaḥtāju ilá maḥall yaqūmu bihi fa-maʻrūḍ al-taʻaqqul aʻnī al-nafs ayḍan lā yaḥtāju ilá al-maḥall ḥaythu anna ʻāriḍahā bi-ṣifat kawnihi ʻāriḍan lā yaḥtāju ilá al-maḥall fa-al-maʻrūḍ awlá bi-ʻadam al-iḥtiyāj ammā bayān istighnāʼ al-taʻaqqul ʻan al-maḥall fa-inna al-nafs tudriku dhātahā bi-dhātihā wa-tudriku ālatahā wa-tudriku idrākahā bi-dhātihā wa-ālātihā kull dhālika bi-lā tawassuṭ al-ālah yaẓharu annahā ghanīyah ʻan al-maḥall wa-bi-ʻibārah ukhrá naqūlu thabata anna al-idrāk quwwah aʻlá min ḥarakat al-aʻṣāb wa-ḥarakat al-khalīyah wa-intibāhihā wa-thabata anna al-quwwah al-mudrikah tudriku nafsahā wa-mutaʻalliqātihā min dūn ḥarakah fī al-ʻaṣab wa-al-khalīyah fa-lā yutaṣawwaru an yakūna al-shayʼ ḥāllan wa-maḥallan bi-waḥdatihi

al-mutammah : wa-ayḍan al-nafs tartasimu bi-al-maʻqūlāt al-waḥdānīyah allatī lā yaqbalu al-inqisām bi-wajh ka-al-waḥdah fa-kull murtasim mithl dhālika fa-huwa ghayr qābil lil-qismah al-waḍʻīyah wa-illā la-inqasama al-maʻqūl alladhī irtasama fīhi bi-inqisāmihi fa-inna kull murtasim fī munqasim ʻalá sabīl al-ḥulūl al-sarayānī fa-huwa munqasim bi-inqisāmihi wa-kull jism fa-huwa qābil lil-qismah al-waḍʻīyah fa-al-nafs laysat bi-jism wa-lā bi-quwwah ḥāllah fī al-jism bi-al-ḥulūl al-sarayānī

al-sharḥ : wa-hādhā burhān thālith wa-huwa anna ʻawāriḍ al-nafs ka-al-ʻilm bi-al-ʻillah al-mūjidah lil-ʻālam wa-taʻaqqul al-ḥaqāʼiq al-basīṭah lā yaqbalu al-inqisām bi-wajh ka-al-waḥdah al-ābiyah ʻan al-inqisām bi-waḍʻihā wa-ʻadam qābilīyat al-ʻilm wa-naẓāʼirihi min al-maʻqūlāt al-waḥdānīyah lil-inqisām yudrikuhu al-wijdān bi-lā maʻūnat al-burhān fa-idhā ʻaraḍa mithl hādhā al-ʻāriḍ ʻalá shayʼ aw irtasama fīhi fa-yustakshafu anna al-maʻrūḍ ayḍan ghayr qābil lil-qismah al-waḍʻīyah ḥāyth anna qābilīyat al-maʻrūḍ lil-qismah yastalzimu qābilīyat ʻāriḍihi lahā idh kull murtasim fī munqasim ʻalá sabīl al-ḥulūl al-sarayānī fa-huwa munqasim bi-inqisāmihi fa-idhā lam yakun qābilan lil-qismah fa-huwa fāqid li-akhaṣṣ khawāṣṣ al-jism wa-huwa al-inqisām wa-al-tajazzī fa-yaẓharu min faqd hādhihi al-khāṣṣah annahā laysat bi-jism wa-lā bi-quwwah ḥāllah fī al-jism bi-al-ḥulūl al-sarayānī li-anna nafs al-ḥulūl al-sarayānī yastalzimu al-qismah fa-idhā sāʻadanā al-dalīl anna ʻāriḍ al-nafs ka-al-ʻilm wa-taʻaqqul al-ḥaqāʼiq al-basīṭah ghayr qābil lil-inqisām yumkinunā an nujība ʻammā yaʻtariḍu bihi baʻḍ munkirī tajarrud al-nafs anna al-shuʻūr khiṣṣīṣ al-māddah wa-al-māddah tatakammalu shayʼan fa-shayʼan bi-takāmul baṭīʼ bi-an naqūla anna al-māddah qābilah al-taqsīm ilá al-habā āt bal hiya muʼallafah min habā āt ṣaghīrah idhā naʻzī li-kull minhā ʻilman aw shuʻūran fa-yakūnu lil-khalīyah min al-iḥsāsāt bi-qadr mā fīhā min al-habā āt

wa-bi-taʻbīr aḥzān al-nafs al-insānīyah tartasimu fīhā maʻlūmāt wa-tashʻuru bihā wa-hiya ghayr qābilah lil-inqisām bi-al-ḍarūrah fa-lā yastaqīmu qawl al-māddī min kawn al-shuʻūr khiṣṣīṣan lil-māddah idh al-maʻlūm lā yaqbalu al-qismah fa-yaẓharu annahā shayʼ warāʼ al-māddah li-kawn al-māddah muʼallafah ʻan al-habā āt wa-maqsūmah bihā fa-kayfa yumkinu inqisām nafsihā wa-ʻadam inqisām khāṣṣatihā al-ḥāllah fīhā wa-lā yaḥṣulu min ijtimāʻ shuʻūrāt mutaʻaddidah shuʻūr kabīr wāḥid wa-lā shuʻūr baʻḍihā baʻḍan wa-ka-dhā lā yutaṣawwaru an yakūna shuʻūr wāḥid markazan jādhiban li-shuʻūrāt mutaʻaddidah

al-mutammah : lā yuqālu al-jism yūṣafu bi-annahu wāḥid fa-huwa maʻa qubūlihi al-qismah maḥall lil-waḥdah fa-lima lā yajūzu an yakūna al-nafs maʻa kawnihā murtasimah bi-maʻqūlāt waḥdānīyah qābilah lil-qismah ? li-annā naqūlu al-jism lā yartasimu fīhi al-waḥdah innamā yaṣifuhu al-ʻaql bi-al-waḥdah kamā yaṣifuhu bi-al-wujūd aw al-jinsīyah wa-dhālika li-anna al-waḥdah amr maʻqūl laysa mimmā yaḥillu fī maḥall ḥulūl al-aʻrāḍ al-mawjūd khārij al-ʻaql wa-lil-ʻaql an yaṣifa kull mā yudrikuhu immā bihā aw bi-mā yuqābiluhā wa-huwa al-kathrah wa-al-taʻaddud

al-sharḥ : gharaḍ al-faylasūf min bayān hādhā al-tawahhum al-safsaṭī li-yasudda sabīl al-iʻtirāḍ min kull jihah wa-lā yadaʻa li-aḥad shakkan fī bayān al-ḥaqīqah wa-lā rayban wa-al-ʻaql wa-al-ḥaqīqah tūḍiḥāni fasādahu wa-li-dhālika ḍarabnā ṣafḥan ʻan sharḥihi

al-mutammah : thumma naqūlu lā yajūzu an yakūna al-badan wa-lā ghayruhu min al-ajsām wa-lā al-quwá al-ḥāllah fī al-ajsām ʻillah tūjidu al-nafs wa-dhālika li-anna kull dhī waḍʻ lā yajūzu an yuʼaththira illā fī-mā yakūnu minhu ʻalá waḍʻ ka-al-mufāriq ( al-muqārin ) wa-al-mujāwir wa-al-muḥādhá aw baynahu wa-bayna ( wa-baynahu dhālika ) ʻalāqah lā ʻalāqah bayna al-badan wa-al-nafs qabla wujūd al-nafs wa-lā bayna dhī waḍʻ ākhar wa-bayna mā lā waḍʻa lahu ka-al-nafs wa-mā yajrī majrāhā fa-inna dhālika mimmā huwa wāḍiḥ li-badīhat al-ʻaql fa-idhan ʻillat wujūd al-nafs mawjūd mufāriq ghayr dhī waḍʻ dāʼim al-wujūd wa-innamā yakūnu wujūd al-mizāj al-badanī sharṭan fī fayaḍān al-nafs ʻan mubdiʻihā li-tudīra al-badan ʻalá madhhab « Arisṭū » wa-li-taʻalluqihā bihi in kāna qabla al-badan mawjūdah wa-dhālika ʻalá madhhab « Aflāṭūn » gharaḍ al-faylasūf bi-hādhā al-kalām huwa bayān anna mufīḍ al-nafs wa-ʻillatahā al-mūjidah huwa Allāh subḥānahu ʻazza wa-jall

wa-taqrīr al-dalīl anna ʻillat al-nafs law kānat ghayr subḥānahu taʻālá immā yakūnu hiya min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ aw min ghayr dhawāt al-awḍāʻ fa-ʻalá al-awwal al-badīhah taqḍī anna dhā al-waḍʻ lā yuʼaththiru ayya taʼthīr illā idhā kāna al-mutaʼaththir ʻalá waḍʻ minhu ka-al-muqārin wa-al-muḥādhī wa-al-mujāwir wa-lawlā ṣilah khāṣṣah bayna al-mutaʼaththir wa-al-muʼaththir min dhawāt al-awḍāʻ sawāʼ kānat min al-ajsām aw min al-quwá al-ḥāllah fīhā lam yaḥṣul al-ʻillīyah wa-al-taʼthīr wa-lā ʻalāqah bayna al-badan alladhī lahu waḍʻ khāṣṣ wa-bayna al-nafs allatī lā waḍʻa lahā ʻalá mā taqarrara fī al-muqaddimāt al-sālifah wa-al-mustakshafah min āthārihā al-khāṣṣah wa-ʻalá al-thānī ayḍan lā ṣilah baynahā wa-bayna mā-huwa min ghayr dhawāt al-awḍāʻ ka-al-nafs wa-mā yajrī majrāhā idh al-badīhah tashhadu bi-anna al-nufūs mumtāzah baʻḍuhā ʻan baʻḍ wa-lā ṣilah baynahā thumma annahu sabaqa fī al-abḥāth al-māḍiyah anna « Aflāṭūn » yará al-nufūs mawjūdah qabla wujūd al-badan wa- « Arisṭū » yará al-abdān sharṭan li-fayaḍānihā ʻan al-mubdiʻ taʻālá wa-ʻalá al-raʼy al-awwal wujūd al-mizāj al-badanī sharṭ li-taʻalluq al-nafs bihi wa-ʻalá al-raʼy al-thānī huwa sharṭ li-fayaḍān al-nafs ʻan al-mubdiʻ taʻālá ilayhi

al-matn : ( wa-ayḍan lā yajūzu an yakūna al-badan wa-lā mizājuhu sharṭan fī baqāʼ al-nafs li-anna al-nafs hiya al-ḥāfiẓah wa-al-mubqiyah lil-badan wa-mizājihi bi-tadbīrihā wa-īrād al-ghidhāʼ ʻalayhi badalan ʻammā yataḥallalu minhu fa-in kāna al-badan aw imzāḥ sharṭan fī baqāʼ al-nafs lazima al-dawr ) ay yatawaqqafu baqāʼ al-nafs ʻalá wujūd al-badan idh huwa sharṭ fī baqāʼihā ʻalá al-farḍ wa-yatawaqqafu baqāʼ al-badan ʻalá wujūd al-nafs li-annahā hiya al-ḥāfiẓah wa-al-mubqiyah lahu bi-tadbīr al-ghidhāʼ ʻalayhi badalan ʻammā yataḥallalu

( wa-lammā fāḍat al-nafs ʻan mubdiʻihā ʻalá al-badan aw taʻallaqat bihi ʻalá ayy al-madhhabayn kāna lam yabqa lil-badan wa-lā li-shayʼ mimmā yataʻallaqu bihi taʼthīr ʻillīyatihi wa-lā taʼthīr sharṭīyatihi fī wujūd al-nafs wa-lā fī baqāʼihā fa-lā taḍurru al-nafs fuqdān al-badan aw qaṭʻ al-ʻalāqah baynahu wa-baynahā bi-wajh wa-tabqá al-nafs mawjūdah dāʼimah bi-dawām mubdiʻihā wa-mufīḍihā li-wujūb wujūd al-maʻlūl maʻa wujūd ʻillatihi wa-istiḥālat infikākihi ʻanhu wa-huwa al-maṭlūb )

al-sharḥ : kānat mabāḥith al-risālah thalāthat arkān awwaluhā ithbāt tajarrud al-nafs al-nāṭiqah wa-al-thānī ithbāt anna mubdiʻ al-nafs huwa Allāh taʻālá al-thālith ithbāt baqāʼihā baʻda bawār al-jasad wa-hādhā al-kalām ʻunwān al-amr al-thālith bi-dalīl basīṭ wa-bayānuhu annahu thabata anna mufīḍ al-nafs lil-badan huwa Allāh taʻālá ʻazza shaʼnuhu fa-ʻalá al-madhhabayn ay madhhab « Aflāṭūn » wa-madhhab « Arisṭū » lam yabqa lil-badan wa-lā li-shayʼ mimmā yataʻallaqu bihi taʼthīr ʻillīyatihi wa-taʼthīr sharṭīyatihi li-anna mufīḍahā huwa Allāh taʻālá wa-ka-dhālika lā yabqá lahu taʼthīr fī baqāʼ al-nafs ayḍan li-annahu lam yakun ʻillah fī wujūd al-nafs fa-laysa ʻillah fī baqāʼihā fa-lā yaḍurru al-nafs fuqdān al-badan wa-qaṭʻ al-ʻalāqah baynahu wa-baynahā wa-lammā kānat ʻillatuhā ʻillah sarmadīyah fa-al-maʻlūl ayḍan yabqá bi-baqāʼ ʻillatihā ʻalá al-dawām li-anna wujūd al-ʻillah yastalzimu wujūd maʻlūlihi wa-yastaḥīlu infikākuhu ʻanhā

al-matn ( wa-bi-wajh ākhar naqūlu kull amr yakūnu fī shayʼ min al-ashyāʼ bi-al-quwwah thumma kharaja ilá al-fiʻl wajaba an yakūna dhālika al-shayʼ alladhī kāna fīhi dhālika al-amr bāqiyan ʻinda khurūj dhālika al-amr ilá al-fiʻl ḥattá yaṣiḥḥa al-khurūj min al-quwwah ilá al-fiʻl wa-in inʻadama dhālika al-shayʼ ʻinda khurūj dhālika al-amr min al-quwwah ilá al-fiʻl lammā kāna al-amr alladhī kāna fīhi bi-al-quwwah khārijan minhu ilá al-fiʻl ( mā-ghayr (1) nuṭfah ) ( kamā fī nuṭfah ) al-insān fa-inna al-insānīyah fī māddatihā bi-al-quwwah wa-lā budda min wujūd tilka al-māddah ʻinda ṣayrūratihā insānan bi-al-fiʻl wa-illā la-mā kāna dhālika al-insān min tilka al-nuṭfah wa-ṣūrat al-nuṭfah lammā kānat ʻinda khurūj al-ṣūrah al-insānīyah ilá al-fiʻl ghayr bāqiyah lam takun al-ṣūrah al-insānīyah fī tilka al-ṣūrah bi-al-quwwah bal imtanaʻa jamʻuhā fī tilka al-māddah wa-li-dhālika lammā kharajat hādhihi ilá al-fiʻl fī māddatihā faniyat tilka fīhā wa-idhā taqarrarat hādhihi al-muqaddimah fa-naqūlu law jāza al-fanāʼ la-kāna al-fanāʼ fīhā ḥāl al-wujūd bi-al-quwwah wa-idhā kharaja al-fiʻl wajaba an takūna al-nafs maʻa fanāʼihā mawjūdah fa-hādhā khulf . idhan thabata annahu lā yajūzu ʻalayhā al-fanāʼ )

Taqrīr al-dalīl annahu idhā kāna fī dhāt shayʼ istiʻdād khurūj amr min al-quwwah ilá al-fiʻl ka-istiʻdād nashw al-insān min al-nuṭfah wa-numūw al-thamarah min al-shajarah aw istiʻdād ẓuhūr āthār al-ḥawāss al-ẓāhirīyah wa-al-bāṭinīyah min al-dimāgh fa-lā budda min baqāʼ hādhā al-amr ay al-maḥall ḥāl khurūj dhālika al-amr min al-quwwah ilá al-fiʻl wa-min al-istiʻdād al-ṣirf ilá al-wujūd wa-hādhā mimmā lā rayba fīhi bi-badīhah min al-ʻaql idh law lam yakun māddat al-nuṭfah aw al-shajarah aw al-dimāgh bāqiyah ḥīna khurūj dhālika al-amr min al-quwwah wa-al-istiʻdād ilá al-fiʻl . lam yaẓhar al-insān wa-al-thamarah wa-āthār al-ḥawāss fī ʻālam al-wujūd wa-mā kāna min ajzāʼ al-maḥall aw ʻawāriḍihi tanʻadimu wa-tafná ʻinda khurūj al-amr ilá al-fiʻl yustakshafu minhu anna al-shayʼ al-khārij ilá al-fiʻl lam yakun fī dhālika al-juzʼ wa-al-ʻāriḍ ka-fanāʼ ṣūrat al-nuṭfah wa-māddat al-thamarah al-aṣlīyah fī nushūʼ al-insān wa-numūw al-thamarah bal imtanaʻa jamʻ al-ṣūratayn fī māddah wāḥidah fa-ʻalayhi law kānat al-nafs al-nāṭiqah qābilah lil-fanāʼ la-yalzamu baqāʼuhā ḥīna khurūj al-fanāʼ ilá al-fiʻl wa-al-fanāʼ wa-al-baqāʼ ḍiddān lā yajtamiʻān fī maḥall wāḥid wa-fī ān wāḥid wa-lammā mahhada al-muqaddimah wa-rattaba ʻalayhā al-dalīl akhadha fī dafʻ al-iʻtirāḍayn alladhayn rubbamā yatawajjahāni ilayhi fa-bayyana awwalahumā bi-qawlihi ( « fa-in qīla fa-ʻalá hādhā al-taqdīr lā yakūnu al-fanāʼ jāʼizan ʻalá mawjūd aṣlan » ) bi-taqrīb anna al-ḥiss wa-al-ikhtibār yuthbitāni fanāʼ kathīr min al-mawjūdāt maʻa anna hādhā al-dalīl shāmil lahā ayḍan idh istiʻdād al-fanāʼ fī al-mawjūdāt al-fāniyah idhā kharaja ilá al-fiʻl yalzamu baqāʼ dhī al-istiʻdād bi-hādhā al-dalīl fī ḥīn sayr al-amr min al-quwwah ilá al-ʻafl wa-al-fanāʼ wa-al-baqāʼ ḍiddān lā yajtamiʻān ! fa-dafaʻahu bi-qawlihi : ( qulnā al-fanāʼ jāʼiz ʻalá kull mawjūd mumkin yakūnu ḥāllan fī maḥall wa-yakūnu fī maḥallihi quwwat inʻidām dhālika al-mawjūd ʻanhu fa-idhā kharaja inʻidāmuhu ilá al-fiʻl kāna al-maḥall bāqiyan maʻa dhālika al-inʻidām ka-ṣūrat al-nuṭfah allatī tanʻadimu ʻan māddatihā wa-takūnu tilka al-māddah maʻa inʻidāmihā mawjūdah wa-bi-hādhā al-dalīl lā yanʻadimu shayʼ min al-mawjūdāt siwá mā yaḥillu fī maḥall ka-al-ṣūrah wa-al-aʻrāḍ wa-mā yurakkabu minhumā wa-min ghayrihimā ka-al-jism alladhī yanʻadimu bi-aḥad juzʼayhi wa-huwa al-ṣūrah ) . khaṣṣaṣa al-faylasūf bi-hādhā al-kalām al-fanāʼ ʻalá mawjūd mumkin ḥāll fī maḥall ka-al-ṣuwar wa-al-aʻrāḍ wa-yakūnu al-maḥall mustaʻiddan a-lil-baqāʼ maʻa fanāʼ dhālika al-ḥāll wa-zawālihi ʻanhu ka-ṣūrat al-nuṭfah al-fāniyah maʻa baqāʼ māddat al-nuṭfah wa-al-fanāʼ ʻalá raʼyihi yakhtaṣṣu fī al-mawjūdāt bi-mā yaḥillu fī maḥall al-ṣuwar wa-al-aʻrāḍ wa-mā yurakkabu minhumā ka-al-jism bi-waṣf al-jismīyah al-fānī bi-fanāʼ ṣūratihi allatī hiya aḥad juzʼayhi wa-bayyana thānī al-iʻtirāḍayn bi-qawlihi : ( fa-in qīla law kānat al-nafs murakkabah min ḥāll wa-maḥall ka-al-jism la-jāza ʻalayhā al-ʻadam ) wa-dafaʻahu bi-qawlihi : ( qulnā lā yajūzu al-ʻadam ʻalá al-juzʼ alladhī huwa al-maḥall wa-naḥnu naʻnī bi-al-nafs dhālika al-juzʼ dūna mā yaḥillu fīhi fa-inna al-nafs kamā taqarrara shayʼ yartasimu fīhā kathīr min al-ṣuwar bi-ḥaythu yaḥduthu fīhā wa-yazūlu ʻanhā wa-hiya lā tanʻadimu bi-inʻidāmihā wa-idhā thabata anna al-nafs laysat bi-ṣūrah lil-badan wa-lā bi-ʻaraḍ ḥāll fīhi wa-lā murakkabah min ḥāll wa-maḥall thabata anna al-fanāʼ lā yajūzu ʻalayhā )

Mufād hādhā al-kalām ʻalá ikhtiṣār tāmm anna al-nafs law kānat murakkabah min ḥāll wa-maḥall ka-al-jism al-murakkab min al-ṣūrah al-ḥāllah wa-al-māddah allatī ḥallat al-ṣūrah fīhā wa-qawām al-jism bi-hādhayn al-juzʼayn la-tawajjaha al-iʻtirāḍ wa-lākin al-nafs laysat murakkabah minhumā bi-ḥaythu yakūnu qawāmuhā bihimā ka-al-jism wa-dhālika innā nará anna kathīran min al-ṣuwar yaḥduthu fīhā wa-yazūlu ʻanhā fa-hiya maʻa dhālika al-ḥudūth wa-al-zawāl bāqiyah thābitah fa-al-nafs hiya al-maḥall alladhī yaḥduthu fīhā al-ṣuwar wa-yazūlu ʻanhā wa-idhā thabata anna al-nafs laysat bi-ṣūrah lil-badan wa-lā bi-ʻaraḍ ḥāll fīhi wa-lā bi-murakkabah min ḥāll wa-maḥall fa-al-fanāʼ lā yajūzu ʻalayhā ( hādhā mā ḥaḍaranī fī al-waqt maʻa ishtighāl al-qalb mimmā astanidu bihi min kalām al-ʻulamāʼ fī hādhā al-bāb wa-Allāh aʻlam bi-ḥaqīqat al-ḥāl

— al-ḥawāshī —

[32] (1) hādhihi al-khāṣṣah ay idrāk al-khayāl al-ā mūr min ghayr iḥtiyāj ilá al-waḍʻ hiya allatī tumayyizu al-ḥawāss al-bāṭinīyah ʻan al-ẓāhirīyah

[34] ( wa-al-nuskhah al-aṣlīyah ka-dhālika wa-al-ʻibārah ay qawluhu fa-kull dhū waḍʻ ilkh

[34] (1) al-ʻibārah laʻallahā zāʼidah

[35] (1) qad yuddaʻá anna al-ṣūrah fī al-mirʼāh nūr maḥdūd fa-yaqbalu al-ishārah al-ḥāṣirah bi-khilāf mā fī khārij al-mirʼāh fa-innahu nūr ghayr maḥdūd wa-yaʼbá al-ishārah al-ḥāṣirah h . n

[35] (2) wa-qad yuddaʻá mithl dhālika fī al-ḥayāh bal wa-fī al-rūḥ wa-yuddaʻá annahā taʼbá al-ishārah al-ḥāṣirah h . n

[35] (3) al-ishārah al-ḥāṣirah min lawāzim dhawāt al-awḍāʻ wa-ammā al-ishārah ghayr al-ḥāṣirah ka-al-ishārah ilá al-hawāʼ al-mathbūt fī al-faḍāʼ fa-lā yaḥṣuru al-mushār ilayhi fī jihah takhuṣṣuhu wa-lā tadullu ʻalá anna al-mushār ilayhi dhū waḍʻ h . n

[36] * (1) fīhi taʼammul ʻalá anna al-nūr al-muntashir wa-sāyir al-quwá al-mabthūthah taʼbá al-ishārah al-ḥāṣirah allatī min lawāzim dhawāt al-awḍāʻ h n

[44] (1) kānat ʻibārat al-aṣl ḥasbamā athbatnāhu .