Conclusion

Fa-al-istintāj huwa natījat al-istiqrāʼ idh bi-al-istiqrāʼ naḥkumu bi-al-qāʻidah al-ʻāmmah , wa-nahtadī ilá al-nāmūs al-ṭabīʻī , wa bi-al-istintāj naḥkumu ʻalá al-afrād

al-Khātimah

Kathīran mā taḥduthu aghlāṭ fī al-mubāḥathāt , wa-al-mujādalāt li-ʻadam al-intibāh . Wa-qad nawwahnā ʻalá akthar anwāʻihā fīmā sabaqa . Ka-al-intiqāl min al-maʻlūm ilá al-majhūl wa-ka-iqāmat al-burhān ʻalá shayʼ bi-qaḍīyah tatawaqqafu ṣiḥḥatuhā ʻalá ṣiḥḥat al-ūlá , aw taʻrīf al-shayʼ bi-shayʼ ākhar law waqaʻa al-suʼāl ʻanhu ʻurifa bi-al-awwal wa-hādhā yusammá ( bi-al-dawr ) . Wa-ka-qiyās al-māddī ʻalá ghayr al-māddī aw bi-al-ʻaks . Wa-ka-al-intiqāl mimmā huwa ṣādiq min baʻḍ al-wujūh ilá mā-huwa ṣādiq min jamīʻ al-wujūh wa-ka-istikhrāj amr kullī min ʻiddat umūr juzʼīyah wa-huwa ( al-istiqrāʼ al-nāqiṣ ) . Wa-ka-jaʻl mā-laysa bi-sabab sababan , aw-farḍ ṣiḥḥat mā-huwa-fāsid . Wa-ka-al-ijābah ʻan al-majhūl bi-mā huwa majhūl ayḍan aw taʻrīf al-shayʼ bi-mutarādifātihi wa-huwa ( al-muṣādarah ) . Wa-ka-al-ijābah bi-mā laysa lahu taʻalluq bi-al-suʼāl wa-huwa ( al-mushāghabah ) . Wa-kathīran mā-yastaʻmilu hādhā al-nawʻ min al-mughālaṭah baʻḍ al-khuṭabāʼ al-waqiḥīn amalan bi-istimālat al-sāmiʻīn ilayhim wa-dhālika bi-dhikr mā-huwa-musallam badīhī wa-muʼaththir ʻalá al-ʻawāṭif wa-al-iḥsāsāt al-dīnīyah aw al-millīyah aw ghayr dhālika li-yanāla istiḥsānan wa-kaymā yansa al-sāmiʻ al-mawḍūʻ al-aṣlī ḥattá yaẓunna anna al-khaṣm kāna yunkiru dhālika fa-yanqalibu ḍiddahu wa-qad tajidu amthilah kathīrah ʻalá dhālika fī khiṭābāt rijāl al-siyāsah min al-aḥzāb al-mutakhallifah ʻalá anna hādhihi al-ṭarīqah wa-in kānat maʻyūbah jiddan fa-inna al-siyāsah tujawwizu al-kadhib qaṣd al-ḥuṣūl ʻalá al-natījah al-maṭlūbah

Wa-min al-mughālaṭāt al-basīṭah mā-yaqaʻu bi-istiʻmāl al-dalālāt al-mushtarikah wa-al-mutashābihah aw al-mubhamah al-muṭlaqah ka-qawl al-qāʼil , al-ʻayn qad yadibbu fīhā al-nuʻās , wa-hādhihi ʻayn ( mushīran ilá ʻayn māʼ ) , fa-idhan hādhihi al-ʻayn qad yadibbu fīhā al-nuʻās . Wa-qawluhu : al-nūr yalmaʻu wa-yuḍīʼu fī al-ẓulmah , wa-al-ʻaql nūr , fa-al-ʻaql yalmaʻu wa-yuḍīʼu fī al-ẓulmah . Wa-qawluhu : baʻḍ al-nās ʻulamāʼ wa-baʻḍ al-nās aghniyāʼ , fa-baʻḍ al-ʻulamāʼ aghniyāʼ . Wa-al-ghalaṭ fī al-mithālayn al-awwalayn ẓāhir , wa-fī al-thālith huwa iḥtimāl kawn al-baʻḍ al-awwal ghayr al-baʻḍ al-thānī wa-matá ṭaraʼa ʻalá al-dalīl al-iḥtimāl baṭala bihi al-istidlāl

Kamā qāla al-shāʻir :

Wa-qad yafsudu al-fikru fī ḥālatihi ٭ fa-yūhimuka al-durru qaṭra al-sarā

Wa-matá tamakkana fīmā dhakarnāhu fī al-awwalīyāt wa-intabaha fī taṭbīq al-aqīsah ʻalá mā-dhakarnāhu min al-qawāʻid amina al-ghalaṭ , wa-ilayka mithāl aẓhar min hādhā wa-huwa : baʻḍ al-aḥjār abyaḍ, wa-baʻḍ al-aḥjār aswad . Fa-innahu lā-yumkinu an yuntija ʻanhu an baʻḍ al-abyaḍ aswad . Wa-innamā tadkhulu al-aghlāṭ wa-tanṭalī ʻalá al-insān fī al-aghlab idhā tadākhalat al-aqīsah wa-tasalsalat aw idhā taʻiba fikruhu wa-ḍaʻufa intibāhuhu

Wa-la-qad adkhala akthar al-muʼallifīn , al-jadwal , wa-al-khaṭābah , wa-al-shiʻr , bal wa-al-mughālaṭah fī al-manṭiq . Illā annahā lammā kānat lā-tufīdu al-yaqīn . Wa-kānat ṣināʻāt khāṣṣah ʻalá ḥiddatihā fa-ḍarabtu ʻanhā ṣafḥan fī hādhihi al-risālah

Tammat fī 4 Muḥarram sanat 1325 wa-fī 17 Shubāṭ Ifranjī sanat 1907

Dimashq al-Shām : Muḥammad Salīm al-Jazāʼirī al-Ḥasanī