Chapter Five: On the Proofs of Each Claimant

Wa-ammā al-sirr fa-huwa darajah man qāla fīhim ʻibādī ḥaythu qāla (fa-udkhulī fī ʻibādī) fa-inna al-nafs lammā iṭmaʼannat qāla lahā udkhulī fī ʻibādī wa-al-dukhūl dalla ʻalá annahā lam takun dākhilah fīhim wa-innamā dakhalat fīhim ḥaythu iṭmaʼannat .

Thumma inna al-nafs fī al-jaḥīm . wa-al-rūḥ fī al-naʻīm wa-al-qalb fī ʻillīyīn wa-al-sirr ʻinda malīk muqtadir ay ṣāḥib al-qalb wa-ṣāḥib al-sirr .

Al-Bāb al-khāmis fī dalāʼil kull qāʼil

Ammā al-aṭibbāʼ fa-qālū innā wajadnā anna al-akhlāṭ wa-al-aʻḍāʼ wa-al-arwāḥ idhā kānat salīmah kānat al-quwá wa-al-afʻāl mustaqīmah wa-lā budda an yakūna al-arkān wa-al-mizāj kamā yanbaghī . fa-ṣalāḥ al-akhlāṭ wa-al-aʻḍāʼ wa-al-arwāḥ yatbaʻuhu ṣalāḥ al-quwá wa-al-afʻāl wa-huwa yatbaʻu ṣalāḥ al-arkān wa-al-mizāj . fa-hādhihi hiya jamīʻ mā nurá fī al-badan fa-laysa hā hunā rūḥ ākhar wa-lā nafs khārijah ʻammā dhakarnā .

Wa-hādhā fāsid li-anna ghāyah mā fī al-bāb annahum lam yajidū shayʼ wa-laysa kull mā lam yajidūhu lam yūjad .

Wa-ammā al-falāsifah fa-lahum umūr thalāthah al-awwal istadallū bi-al-naẓar fī ibtidāʼ al-ījād wa-qālū Allāh wāḥid min jamīʻ al-wujūh wa-al-wāḥid lā yaṣdur minhu illā wāḥid fa-lā yajūz an yakūna al-mubdaʻ al-awwal ʻaraḍ li-anna al-ʻaraḍ baʻda al-jawhar fa-lā yakūn huwa awwal al-mawjūdāt al-mumkinah wa-lā yajūz an yakūna jism li-anna kull jism fīhi ajzāʼ wa-kathrah wa-al-mawjūd al-awwal min Allāh wāḥid wa-lā yajūz an yakūna nafs li-anna al-nafs lā taʻmal illā bi-ālah jismānīyah fa-lā budda lahā min ālah li-taʻmal . fa-law kānat al-nafs awwal al-mumkināt la-kāna al-thānī minhu fa-yakūn qad ʻamilat fī al-thānī min ghayr wujūd ālah wa-huwa ghayr jāʼiz fa-baqiya an yakūna al-mawjūd al-awwal al-mumkin rūḥ mujarrad lā yaftaqir illā ilá mūjidihi fī wujūdihi wa-baqāʼihi wa-ʻamalihi . wa-al-wajh al-ākhar akhadhūhu min al-intihāʼ . wa-qālū lā shakk fī an fīnā mā yaʻrif mā lā yanqasim wa-al-ʻārif bi-mā lā yanqasim lā yajūz an yanqasim li-annahu law inqasam fa-kull juzʼ minhu ammā an yakūna ʻārif bi-dhālika al-maʻrūf wa-ammā an yakūna al-ʻārif baʻḍ ajzāʼihi dūna al-baʻḍ . wa-ammā an lā yakūna shayʼ min ajzāʼihi ʻārif . fa-in kāna kull juzʼ ʻārif fa-hunāka nufūs ʻārifah ka-nafs Zayd wa-ʻAmr wa-Khālid wa-kalāmunā fī ʻārif wāḥid wa-maʻrifah wāḥidah bi-al-maʻrūf . wa-in kāna al-baʻḍ ʻārif dūna al-baʻḍ bi-kamāl al-nafs fa-huwa dhālika al-ʻārif wa-al-juzʼ al-akhīr ghayr muḥtāj ilayhi wa-in lam yakun shayʼ minhu ʻārif ʻinda al-iftirāq fa-ʻinda al-ijtimāʻ ammā an yakūna shayʼ qad ḥadatha lam yakun wa-ammā an lā yakūna fa-in kāna lam yaḥduth shayʼ lam bakun fa-huwa ʻinda al-ijtimāʻ kamā huwa ʻinda al-iftirāq fa-wajaba an yakūna al-ʻirfān ʻinda al-ijtimāʻ muḥāl kamā huwa ʻinda al-iftirāq aw yakūna ʻinda al-iftirāq wājib kamā ṣāra ʻinda al-ijtimāʻ wa-illā lazima rujḥān al-mumkin min ghayr murajjiḥ .

Wa-in ḥadatha shayʼ fa-al-ḥādith ammā an yaqūm bi-kull juzʼ wa-huwa muḥāl li-anna qiyām al-wāḥid bi-maḥāll kathīrah fīhi muḥāl kabīr . wa-ammā an qāma al-baʻḍ dūna al-baʻḍ fa-huwa rujḥān min ghayr murajjiḥ .

Wa-naqūl wa-ḥīnaʼidh al-nafs huwa mā qāma bihi hayʼah al-ijtimāʻ al-ḥādith wa-ammā an lā yaqūm bi-shayʼ minhā wa-huwa muḥāl li-anna al-ḥādith fīhi lā yaqūm bi-nafsihi wa-lā bi-ghayrihi wa-lā yumkin an yuqāl kull juzʼ min al-ʻārif juzʼ min al-maʻrūf li-anna al-maʻrūf mimmā lā yanqasim .

Wa-ammā al-wajh al-thālith fa-akhadhūhu min al-wasaṭ wa-qālū ashraf al-ashyāʼ mā lā ḥājah lahu bi-wajh min al-wujūh wa-akhassuhā mā-lahu ḥājāt kathīrah . thumma inna akthar al-ashyāʼ ʻājiz . ammā al-ʻaraḍ fa-innahu yaftaqir ilá mūjid wa-yaftaqir ilá maḥall wa-maḥalluhu yaftaqir ilá mūjid wa-makān wa-yaftaqir fī fiʻlihi ilá maḥallihi fa-inna al-ḥarārah mathal lā taʻmal illā wa-hiya fī maḥall . fa-hādhihi arbaʻ ḥājāt al-ḥājah ilá al-mūjid wa-ilá al-maḥall wa-ilá al-makān wa-ilá ālah jismānīyah fī al-fiʻl . thumma inna al-jism yaḥtāj ilá mūjid wa-ilá makān wa-yaftaqir fī fiʻlihi ilá ālah fa-inna al-jism lā yaʻmal ʻamalahu illā bi-qūwah jismānīyah aw ālah wa-huwa ashraf min al-ʻaraḍ li-annahu lā yaftaqir ilá maḥall yaqūm bihi wa-al-ʻaraḍ yaftaqir ilá dhālika .

Thumma al-nafs lahā ḥājatān fa-innahā taftaqir ilá mūjid wa-taftaqir ilá ālah bihā taʻmal wa-hiya ashraf min al-jism li-annahā lā taftaqir ilá makān wa-al-jism lā budda lahu min makān .

Thumma al-rūḥ wa-huwa al-ʻaql lahu ḥājah wāḥidah wa-hiya al-ḥājah al-muwajjahah wa-hiya ashraf min al-nafs fa-innahu lā yaḥtāj fī fiʻlihi ilá shayʼ wa-al-nafs taḥtāj . thumma inna Allāh taʻālá huwa al-ghanī al-muṭlaq wa-huwa al-malik al-ḥaqq alladhī lā yaḥtāj ilá shayʼ fī shayʼ wa-lā yastaghnī ʻanhu shayʼ fī shayʼ .

Wa-ammā dalāʼilunā fa-huwa mā dhakarnā min al-istinbāṭ min Kitāb Allāh wa-al-istikhrāj min kalām Rasūl Allāh wa-al-ʻaql yuwāfiquhu li-annā lā nashukk fī jawāz wujūd jism mawṣūf bi-mā dhakarnā min al-awṣāf . wa-al-ṣādiq idhā khabbara ʻan mumkin wajaba qubūluhu min ghayr taʼwīl .

Thumma inna dalāyil al-falāsifah ghayr tāmmah fa-ammā al-awwal qawluhum al-wāḥid lā yaṣdur minhu illā wāḥid fa-bāṭil li-anna al-jism kathīr kamā qālūhu fa-huwa lā yaṣdur ʻalá madhhabihim illā min kathīr wa-dhālika al-kathīr huwa Allāh li-anna Allāh lā kathrah fīhi bi-al-ittifāq fa-dhālika al-kathīr ṣādir min shayʼ fa-in ṣadara min wāḥid lazima khilāf qawlihim wa-in ṣadara min kathīr fa-yanqul al-kalām ilá dhālika al-kathīr wa-naqūl lā budda min an yakūna mumkin ṣādir min mūjid kathīr . lā yuqāl kamā qālū inna al-ṣādir al-awwal kathīr wa-lākinnahu lam yaṣdur kulluhu min Allāh fa-inna al-awwal lahu wujūd min Allāh wa-imkān min nafsihi fa-huwa yudrik wujūdahu min mūjidihi wa-imkānahu min nafsihi fa-ḥaṣala umūr kathīrah . wujūd . wa-imkān . wa-idrāk wujūd . wa-idrāk mūjid . wa-idrāk imkān . wa-idrāk nafsihi . fa-li-kawnihi mudrik mūjid awjada ʻaql kamā awjadahu Allāh takhalluq bi-khalq mubdiʻihi wa-li-kawnihi mudrik li-nafsihi awjada nafs wa-li-kawnihi mudrik li-imkānihi min nafsihi awjada māddah jism wa-li-kawnihi mudrik li-wujūdihi min mūjid awjada ṣūrah . fa-naqūl hādhā al-taʻassuf lā ḥājah ilayhi wa-yumkinukum an taqūlū Allāh taʻālá adraka nafsahu al-wājib wa-ʻalima al-ashyāʼ wa-ʻalima wujūbahu wa-ʻalima imkān ghayrihi fa-li-kawnihi mudrik li-nafsihi awjada shayʼ mujarrad wa-li-kawnihi mudrik li-ashyāʼ ghayrihi awjada shayʼ

Wa-hādhā al-qawl bihim alyaq fa-innahum qālū ʻilm Allāh taʻālá lā infiʻālī fa-idhā adraka shayʼ ʻalá al-niẓām al-ḥasan wujida kamā adrakahu min ghayr qaṣd minhu ilayhi

Thumma innaka law samiʻta dalīlahum ʻalá anna al-wāḥid lā yaṣdur ʻanhu illā wāḥid la-qaḍayta al-ʻajab min ʻuqūlihim fa-inna aḥad dalāyilihim annahum qālū law wujida shayʼ min wāḥid thumma wujida minhu shayʼ ākhar ghayruhu fa-min ḥaythu annahu wujida hādhā lam yūjad dhālika wa-min ḥaythu annahu wujida minhu dhālika lam yūjad hādhā . hādhā aḥad dalāʼilihim wa-qis ʻalayhi al-bāqī wa-min hahunā taʻlam anna dhikr maqālātihim wa-ḥikāyah istidlālātihim mā yūjib qūwah al-īmān wa-kamāl al-itqān ḥaythu yuʻlam an lā burhān yusāwī al-Qurʼān wa-lā yaqīn li-man khālafa al-dīn .

Wa-ammā qawluhum fīnā man yaʻrif mā-lā yanqasim fa-naqūl naʻam wa-lākin lima lā yajūz an yakūna al-ʻirfān bi-jamīʻ al-ajzāʼ ʻinda al-ijtimāʻ kamā anna al-jism ʻindahum lahu juzʼān māddah wa-ṣūrah wa-al-ijtimāʻ baynahā lā yūjad fī aḥadihimā wa-ka-dhālika ṣūrah al-bayt lā taqūm bi-al-saqf waḥdahu wa-lā bi-al-ḥāʼiṭ wa-ka-dhālika al-madīnah buyūt mutafarriqah wa-kawnuhā madīnah lā taqūm bi-kull bayt bal bi-al-majmūʻ .

Wa-ammā mā-dhukira min al-marātib fa-naqūl mā dhakarta yufīd imkān mawjūd mumkin lā fī makān wa-laysa kull mumkin wāqiʻ fa-inna fī al-imkān bayt min zukhruf yanzil min al-samāʼ wa-lam yaqaʻ dhālika .

Idhā ʻarafta hādhā naqūl awwal lima qultum anna mā dhakartum mumkin an baʻḍ al-ḥājāt yalzam al-baʻḍ fa-inna al-ḥājah ilá al-makān yalzamuhā al-ḥājah ilá al-mūjid fa-inna kull muḥtāj ilá makān fa-huwa muḥtāj ilá mūjid muḥtāj ilá makān wa-li-hādhā qāla akthar al-mutakallimīn al-istighnāʼ ʻan al-makān min khawāṣṣ ṣifāt Allāh taʻālá .

Wa-in aradnā ilzāmahum naqūl law jāza wujūd mawjūd mumkin lā yaftaqir illā ilá mūjidihi fa-dhālika al-mawjūd ammā an yakūna ḥādith zamānī wa-antum lā taqūlūn bihi . wa-ammā an yakūna qadīm fa-huwa ghayr jāʼiz li-anna kull mumkin ḥādith bi-dalīl al-ḥudūth wa-huwa mashhūr thumma naqūl sallamnā jawāz wujūdihi wa-lākin mā al-dalīl ʻalá wuqūʻihi wa-mā dhakartum bi-an buṭlānahu fa-lā yathbut mā dhakartum mā lam yuban burhānuhu .